高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一．定義語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞用（ActiveVoice）；若是主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的，動(dòng)詞便用（PassiveVoice）。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞組成。二.考點(diǎn)：察看時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的掌握、與主謂一致連考題型：①②例1.Theproblemsolvedandtheforeignergotintothetaxi.(短文改錯(cuò))2.Nowcollegegraduates(encourage)tostarttheirownbusinesswhichsoundsreallygoodforthem.(語(yǔ)法填空)3.Trulyelegantchopsticsmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(語(yǔ)法填空)三.做題步驟①判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)②判斷時(shí)態(tài)③套用詳細(xì)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式④注意主謂一致四.各樣時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Subject+be(am/is/are)+done(過(guò)去分詞)2）一般過(guò)去時(shí):3）一般將來(lái)時(shí):Subject+shall/will/begoingtobedone(過(guò)去分詞)4）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):5）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):Subject+be(am/is/are)beingdone(過(guò)去分詞)6）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):7）現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(shí):Subject+has/havebeendone8）過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí):9）帶有神情動(dòng)詞時(shí):Subject+神情動(dòng)詞＋be＋done(過(guò)去分詞)五.掌握基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)致使用(用所給動(dòng)詞適合形式填空)1.Visitors(request)nottotakephotoshere.2.Theclassroommust(clean)everyday.3.I(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIstudiedabroadornot.4.you(invited)toapartyheldinthesckoolhalltomorrow.5.Anewcinema(build)herenow．6.Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets__.(book)7.Ameeting(hold)whenIwasthere.8.----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms_____.(paint)9.Theletter(receive)already.10.Hesaidasatisfyingplan(put)forwardnextweek.六.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表構(gòu)造的差異其實(shí)不是所有的“be+過(guò)去分詞”都為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；有些為系表構(gòu)造。be后邊的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其劃分方法以下：①若是重申動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的履行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表構(gòu)造。例Thestreetiscrowed.（系表構(gòu)造）1Sheisveryexcited.（系表構(gòu)造）Theglassisbroken．（系表構(gòu)造）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）②若是句中有地址、頻次或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例Thecupisbroken.（系表構(gòu)造）Thecupwasbrokenthismorning.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thedoorislocked．（系表構(gòu)造）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）③被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)外，還能夠用于其他各樣時(shí)態(tài)，而系表構(gòu)造中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)。例Themachineisbeingrepaired．.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況⑴練習(xí)：判斷以下句子可否正確Thiskindofclothiswashedwell.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownrecentyears.Thehouseisbelongedtomyuncle.Mydreamhasbeencometrue.Thiskindofbookissoldwell.Themanwasprovedtobeathiefatlast.Thisproblemisdifficulttobeworkedout.Thewarwasbrokenoutin1991.Whatwillbehappenedinonethousandyears.Theclassisbegunat7o’clock.⑵熟記主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況1.英語(yǔ)中有好多動(dòng)詞如break，cook，begin，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear,等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描繪主語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)平常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thefoodcookswell.2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,belongto等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是怎樣引出來(lái)的呢？Allmymoneyranout.所有的錢都用完了。3.系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式,但有些表示感覺(jué)、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,look,feel,等在主系表構(gòu)造中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Thedishestastegreat.4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。①在need，want，require,bear等詞的后邊，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房屋需要維修。②形容詞worth后邊跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能夠跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后邊跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．2nice，easy，Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．③動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后邊作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞組成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表示you不是post動(dòng)作的履行者。)④在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的構(gòu)造中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這常常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Theairhereispleasanttobreathe.注意：①在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后邊不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.②有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也能夠用于被動(dòng)構(gòu)造，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能夠分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能夠省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.Theoldmanwastakengoodcareofbyus.綜合練習(xí)一、選擇題()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown3()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.It'ssaid(聽聞)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_________（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong_____yourun