現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5課程講解5119

不同院校不同授課范圍。本文檔課程范圍：第1,3,4,8,10課，五個課程。如不在你的搜尋范圍內(nèi)，可以不下載。本文檔教師課程講解?？床欢帲凑堈徑?！學(xué)習(xí)愉快！Lesson1A.詞義的理解與語義轉(zhuǎn)換1)Wemusthonestlyrecognizewherewearenow.(1.2)正視2)Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.(1.8)不如意之事坎坷經(jīng)歷若論人生坎坷，黑人可謂倍加艱辛。3)Wemustmassivelyassertourdignityandworth.(3.1)Impressively？讓世人知道4)Wemuststandupamidstasystemthatstilloppressesusanddevelopanunassailableandmajesticsenseofvalues.(3.2)DevelopahabitdropahabitDevelopasense意識Translationskill詞性轉(zhuǎn)換B.詞匯擴展1）Awhitelieisbetterthanablacklie.(4.5)Ihadawhitenight,thinkingofyou.whiteelephantallusion典故Trademark白象白馬王子？whitehorse？Mr.RightPrincecharmingwhitemeatfish/bird1redmeat紅肉2)Themostdegeneratememberofafamilyisablacksheep.(4.6)blacklistblackmarket黑馬darkhorseScapegoat＝替罪羊＝WhipboyAllusion3)?teacherswillnotbeforcedtoteachtheNegrochildsixtywaystodespisehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofinferiority,andthewhitechild134waystoadorehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofsuperiority（4.7）inferioritycomplexsuperioritycomplex戀父情結(jié)Electracomplex戀母情結(jié)Oedipuscomplexc.搭配collocation1.theNegroisindireneedofthiskindoflegitimatepower(6.2)緊急，極端direwarning/prediction/forecast(awarningaboutsomethingterriblethatwillhappeninthefuture)Lastnightthereweredirewarningsofcivilwar.2.…thepreservingofthestatusquo(6.11)maintain/preserve/defendthestatusquo3.Andoneofthegreatproblemsofhistoryisthattheconceptsofloveandpowerhaveusuallybeencontrastedasopposites--polaropposites-(7.5)（？)polarextremed．句子理解1）Thejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeople（thathavebeentaughtforsomanycenturiesthattheyarenobody）isnoteasy.（3.4）2）Poweristheability//ofalaborunionliketheUAWtomakethemostpowerfulcorporationintheworld,GeneralMotors,say'Yes'whenitwantstosay'No.'That'spower.（linethreefromthebottom,Paragraph6）3)Whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(8.6)Anemic：weak；貧血的=AnaemicAnaemia貧血24)5)Now,earlyinthiscenturythisproposalwouldhavebeengreetedwithridiculeanddenunciation,（considered）asdestructiveofinitiativeandresponsibility.(10.2)Thefactisthatthework（whichimprovestheconditionofmankind,theworkwhichextendsknowledgeandincreasespowerandenrichesliteratureandelevatesthought,）isnotdonetosecurealiving(12.1)Shedidn‘tmarryhimforhewasrichTheworkisnot不是這樣的donetosecurealiving＝被做以謀生不是為了謀生而做e．修辭（Rhetoric）figureofspeech1.Antithesis（Afigureofspeechinwhichsharplycontrastingideasarejuxtaposedinabalancedorparallelphraseorgrammaticalstructure）1)Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.(5.5)2)…loveisidentifiedwitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.(7.5)2．Metaphorsimile(like,as)1)Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.(5.6)Self-esteem自信2)Thenegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeingandsignswiththepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipationproclamation.(5.9)3．Personalconflictsamonghusbands,wivesandchildrenwilldiminishwhentheunjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminated.（14.4）3.parallel1)ThetendencytoignoretheNegro'scontributiontoAmericanlifeandtostriphimofhispersonhoodisasoldastheearliesthistorybooksandascontemporaryasthemorning'snewspaper.(5.1)StripperExoticdancing2)Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.（8.6）34.Alliteration1）Nowalotofusarepreachers,andallofushaveourmoralbelievesandconcerns,andsooftenhaveproblemswithpower.(7.1)Xiamenisacityfullofvigorandvitality2）Itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhichconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.(9.2)f.熟詞偏義1.And,inthethinkingofthatday,theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantofindustrioushabitsandmoralfiber.(10.5)Want=lackHeknowsnowantinhislife.他什么都不缺Lesson3TextAnalysisA.詞義理解與翻譯1.Todayweareinthethroesofaworldwidereformationofcultures,atectonicshiftofhabitsanddreamscalled,inthecuriousvocabularyofsocialscientists,―globalization‖.(1.1)a)inthethroesof?b)reformation?c)tectonicshift?d)curiousvocabulary?追求劇變今天我們正經(jīng)歷世界范圍文化嬗變的陣痛，習(xí)俗和都在發(fā)生，這用社會新奇學(xué)家的話來說就是，“全球化”。2.It‘saninexacttermforawildassortmentofchangesinpolitics…(1.3)a)awildassortment?variety3.Still,thebasicdynamicremainsthesame:Goodsmove.Peoplemove.Ideasmove.Andcultureschange.a)dynamic:?態(tài)勢4.Popularfactionssprouttoexploitnationalistanxieties.(5.1)4a)popularfactions?anxiety焦慮情緒添字5...atHollywoodHighSchoolthestudentbodyrepresents32differentlanguages.(8.4)a)studentbody?b)represent?SeniorhighschoolJuniorhighschool6.Thecriticalmassofteenagers—800millionintheworld—withtimeandmoneytospendisoneofthepowerfulenginesofmergingglobalcultures.(9.1)a)criticalmassofteenagers重要的青少年mass青少年這一重要群體b)engine7.They‘recalled―coolhunters‖;andAmandaFreemantookmeinhandonemorningtoexplainhowitworks.(9.8)a)coolhunters獵酷者headhunterparodyb)takemeinhandtodealwithsbinastrictwayinordertoimprovetheirbehaviour8.ButIalsodiscoveredthatculturesareasresourceful,resilient,andunpredictableasthepeoplewhocomposethem.(8.1)a)resourceful隨機應(yīng)變b)resilient富有彈性c)unpredictable難以預(yù)測9.itisalsoplayedbyrichsocietywomenatcountryclubsinBeverlyHillsandinapartmentsonManhattan‘sUpperWestSide.(14.7)a.societywomen?society＝highsociety10.…h(huán)etoldmewiththatdetachedfriendlinessofthosewhosetrueconnectioniswithmachines.(16.1)SplitHetoldmewithfriendlinessanddetachednessa.detachedfriendlinesshetoldmeinafriendlyanddetachedway5客氣的不帶任何感情……他很和我說，B．詞匯擴展1.Telegraph,telephone,radio,andtelevisiontiedtighterandmoreintricateknotsbetweenindividualsandthewiderworld.(2.6)a)intricatesynonyms：complex；complicated；sophisticated；involvedTheplotwassoinvolvedthatveryfewpeopleknewwhatwasgoingon.2.Thenwewanderthroughafewofthethriftshops.(11.10)a)thriftshop:ashopthatsellsusedgoods,especiallyclothes,ofteninordertogetmoneyforacharityfleamarketyardsalegaragesalevintageshop二手服飾店onedollarshopconveniencestoreC-store喜士多dimestorefive-and-dime（store）ten-centstore3.―Ifit‘snotgoingtobeaffordable,―Amandaremarks,―it‘snevergoingtocatchon.‖(11.3)a)catchon1.tobecomepopulartobeinSpeeddatingisininChina.Heisinagain.Inmatetobeinvogue2.tounderstandTomisslowtocatchon.4.ThisbeingAmerica,hehasfoundawaytomarrythesetwopassionsandselltheresult.(14.2)a)marry：（formal）tocombinetwodifferentideas,designs,tastesetctogetherThebuilding'sdesignmarriesatraditionalstylewithmodernmaterialsDivorce：（formal）toseparatetwoideas,subjectsetccompletely6Itisdifficulttodivorcesportfrompolitics.5.…andthefierceconcentrationoftheplayers.Collocationa)fierceconcentrationfiercepridefiercewindfiercedogfierceattack/opposition/criticismfiercecompetitiontoughcompetitioncut-throatcompetitionthroat-cuttingdog-eat-dogcompetitionIt’sdogeatdogworldoutsidethere.(羅馬學(xué)者馬庫斯曾在公元前43年提出Caniscaninamnonest（Dogdoesnoteatdog）的說法，認為即使是像狗這樣的“低等生物”行事都有原則和限度，不會毀滅和吞食同類，何況是人類。)6.TJ‘sonlinetoo,she‘stheonefromWales---arealnightowl.a.nightowlall-nighterIpulledanall-nighterlastnight.PhoninganyoneduringanallnighterisaverybadideaTheearlybirdcatchesthewormcoolcat冷靜的人luckydogfox網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的英語陷阱老牛吃嫩草rockthecradlerobthecradleletthecatoutofthebagpiginthepokeWhatifthecaryoubuyturnsouttobeapiginapoke/lemon?lemonsocialbutterflywatchdogHeisa"socialbutterfly"andhugsandkisseseveryoneandeverything實驗品/小白鼠Guineapig77.He,anAmericanplayingaChinesegamewithpeopleinGermany,Wales,Ohio,andMinnesota,wasupinthecyberspherefarabovetheleveloftimezones.(19.1)a)cybersphere:cyberspacecyberpunk數(shù)字朋克cyber-chat網(wǎng)吧cybercafécyberfraudcyberwidowcyberstalking;cyberstalkercyberwatchdog/InternetwatchdogC.搭配1.Inthe19thcenturythepostalservice,newspapers,transcontinentalrailroads,andgreatsteam-poweredshipswroughtfundamentalchanges.a)wroughtfundamentalchangesworkworkwondersworkmiracleswork/weaveone‘smagicThewarmweatherandthebeautifulscenerybegantoworktheirmagicandshestartedtorelax.b)取得成就recordachievements學(xué)習(xí)知識learnknowledge(錯)Gain/obtain/acquire深化改革deepenone‘scommitmenttoreform解除制裁liftsanctionD．句子理解1.Modernindustryhasestablishedtheworldmarket.Allold-establishednationalindustriesaredislodgedbynewindustrieswhoseproductsareconsumed,notonlyathome,butineveryquarteroftheglobe.Inplaceoftheoldwantswefindnewwants,requiringtheproductsofdistantlandsandclimes.(1.4)fortheirsatisfaction2.Humanshavebeenweavingcommercialandculturalconnectionssincebeforethefirstcamelcaravanventuredafield.(2.3)3.…asortofculturalcloningwillresultfromwhattheyregardasthe―culturalassault‖ofMcDonald‘s,Coca-Cola,Disney,Nike,andtheEnglishlanguageitself—morethanafifthofallthepeopleintheworldnowspeakEnglishtosomedegree.(4.2)4.Whatevertheirbackgroundsoragendas,thesecriticsareconvincedthatWestern–oftenequatedwithAmerican—influenceswillflatteneveryculturalcrease,producing,asoneobservertermsit,onebig―McWorld‖.(4.5)85.InChina,whereXenophobiaandeconomicambition…thatHollywoodbeburned.(5.1-5)6.Ifeelit‘samoralobligationnottosay:?thesepeopleoutthereshouldcontinuetoliveinamuseumwhilewewillhaveshowersthatwork.‘(6.6)7.Westernization,Idiscoveredovermonthsofstudyandtravel,isaphenomenonshotthroughwithinconsistenciesandpopulatedbyverystrangebedfellows.(7.1)8.InLosAngeles,theostensiblefountainheadofworldculturaldegradation,IsawmorediversitythanIcouldeverhavesupposed…(8.2)9.Wegotoasmallish?50s-styledinerinaslightlyseedypocketeastofHollywoodthathasjustbecometrendy.(11.1)e.Rhetoricaldevices1.LosAngelesisFusionCentral,whereculturesmixandmorph.(14.1)Morph:todevelopanewappearanceorchangeintosomethingelse,ortomakesomethingdothisTheriverfloodeditsbanksandmorphedintoagiantseathatswampedthetown.Lesson4TextAnalysisA.詞義理解與翻譯1.Whenyoursecretaryinvitedmetocomehere,shetoldmethatyourSocietyisconcernedwiththeemploymentofwomenandshesuggestedthatImighttellyousomethingaboutmyownprofessionalexperiences.a.Society:theWomen‘sServiceLeagueb.concernedwithc.employment就業(yè)問題增詞：Thefrequency,wavelength,andspeedofsoundarecloselyrelated.頻率、波長和聲速三方面是密切相關(guān)的2.Fortheroadwascutmanyyearsago—byFannyBurney,by…—manyfamouswomen,andmanymoreunknownandforgotten,havebeenbeforeme,makingthepathsmooth,andregulatingmysteps.(1.7)a.cut開辟b.manymoreunknownandforgottenc.makingthepathsmooth鋪平道路d.regulatingmysteps：guide步子93.Thus,whenIcametowrite,thereareveryfewmaterialobstaclesinmyway.(1.10)a.materialobstacles物質(zhì)/上的阻礙方面b.inmyway4.Youhaveonlygottofiguretoyourselvesagirlinabedroomwithapeninherhand.(2.1)a.figure：imaginevitalstatisticsFig.15.Shewasintenselysympathetic.Shewasimmenselycharming.Shewasutterlyunselfish.(3.10)enselysympatheticsympathize：beinharmonywithb.immenselycharmingc.utterlyunselfish是這么是如此她善解人意；她可愛迷人；她毫無私心是那么。6.Shewouldhavepluckedtheheartofmywriting.(3.倒13)a.plucktheheart空洞無物她會使我的文章。隱喻詞義引申：Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.每個人生活都有甜有苦。7.ThoughIflattermyselfthatIkilledherintheend,thestrugglewassevere.(3.倒4)a.flatter8.Besympathetic;betender;flatter;deceive;usetheartsandwilesofoursex.(3.倒21)言不由衷；女人的十八般武器，都要要善解人意；要言辭溫婉；要善于迎合；要用上。B．詞匯擴展1.Shehadonlytomovethatpenfromlefttorightfromteno‘clocktoone.FromlefttorightFromagetoage世世代代FromChinatoPeru天涯海角；到處Frombadtoworse每況愈下Frompillartopost東奔西跑，到處碰壁10Fromragstoriches暴富Fromstrengthtostrength越來越強大Fromtiptotoe從頭到尾Fromthecradletothegrave一生2．FortenandsixpenceonecanbuypaperenoughtowritealltheplaysofShakespeare---ifonehasamindthatway.(1.倒5)haveamindthatway=haveamindlikethat（Shakespeare‘smind）Thatway--Idon‘tknowyournameyet.--Let‘skeepitthatway.Mywayorthehighway.（TheMatrix）Haveone‘swayFinderskeepers.LosersweepersFairenough.行，還算公平Watt:Sincethereareotherapplicantsontheline,wecan'tletyouknowourdecisionyetuntilallofthemhavegottheirchanceforinterview.Ann:Fairenough,Iamwillingtowaituntilyouhavecometoadecision.C．句子理解1.Myprofessionisliterature;andinthatprofessiontherearefewerexperiencesforwomenthaninanyother,withtheexceptionofthestage—fewer,Imeanthatarepeculiartowomen.(1.5)2.Pianosandmodels,Paris,ViennaandBerlin,mastersandmistresses,arenotneededbyawriter.(1.倒4)3.Thecheapnessofwritingpaperis,ofcoursethereasonwhywomenhavesucceededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions.(1.倒4)4.ItwasshewhousedtocomebetweenmeandmypaperwhenIwaswritingreviews.(3.6)Comebetween…and…1.tomakepeopleargueandfeelangrywitheachother,whentheyhadbeenfriendsbefore:Nothingwillevercomebetweenusnow.Ididn'twanttocomebetweenahusbandandwife.2topreventsomeonefromgivingenoughattentiontosomething:Sheneverletanythingcomebetweenherandherwork.115.Iftherewasachicken,shetooktheleg;iftherewasadraught（draft）,shesatinit—inshortshewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorawishofherown.(3.12)風(fēng)口6.For,asIfound,directlyIputpentopaper,youcannot//reviewevenanovelwithouthavingamindofyourown,withoutexpressingwhatyouthinktobethetruthabouthumanrelations,morality,sex.(3.倒12)directly:assoonasYoucan‘t//smokewithoutmakingnonsmokersunhappy.7.Andshemadeasiftoguidemypen.(3.倒19)Make（seem）asiftodo:toseemasifyouaregoingtodosomethingbutthennotdoit:Shemadeasiftospeakbutthenstopped.8.InowrecordtheoneactforwhichItakesomecredittomyself,thoughthecreditrightlybelongstosomeexcellentancestorsofminewholeftmeacertainsumofmoney—shallwesayfivehundredpoundsayear?(3.倒19)Credit:praise,approvalforanact,abilityoraquality.Examples：Hetookhisassistant‘scredit.Shedeservescreditfortryingherbest.havesomethingtoyourcredit：tohaveachievedsomethingShealreadyhastwosuccessfulnovelstohercredit.下面我要說說多少是我自己做的一件事情，當(dāng)然做此事的功勞主要還應(yīng)歸功于我了不起吧的的祖先，是他們給我留下了一筆財產(chǎn)－比如說每年五百英鎊－這樣我就不用完全靠女人的魅力去謀生了。9．Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat.Ididmybesttokillher.Myexcuse,ifIweretobehadupinacourtoflaw,wouldbethatIactedinself-defence.(3.倒15)Turnupon:attack掐Havesb.up:totakesb.tocourtPeepingTomwashadupforstalking.Curiositykillsthecat.10．Thus,wheneverIfelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalo，Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather.(3.倒7)TheshadowandtheradiancerefertotheinfluenceoftheVictorianattitudesonmywritingD.Rhetoricaldevices1.Nodemandwasmadeuponthefamilypurse.(1.倒6)Purse:usedfigurativelytostandformoney,financialconditions.Thiskindof12figureofspeechiscalledmetonymy(轉(zhuǎn)喻).Beijing；theWhiteHouse;theCrown;Thepenismightierthanthesword.文勝于武Hesucceededbythesweatofhisbrow.Heistoofondofthebottle.貪杯Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.2．...Ihadtoadmitthatinsteadofspendingthatsumuponbreadandbutter,rent,shoes,andstockings,orbutcher‘sbills…breadandbutter:usedfigurativelytomeanfoodandthemostimportantandbasicthings.e.g.bread-and-butterissuessuchasjobsandhousingThiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledsynecdoche(提喻).借代e.g.Allhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板).Theybravedthewavestoprotecttheirfatherland.Aretherenoroofsinthistownthatwillharboranhonorableman?Brandish(揮舞)yoursteel,men.Lesson8UnitEightTheMerelyVeryGoodOppenheimerSpenderDiracAudenA.Translation1.TheMerelyVeryGood.譯文:僅僅一流一流而已一流人物而已2.…AndIwasconsciousofhissuperiorityinawaywhichwasembarrassingandledtotrouble.(2.10)？/他很高明，但這樣表現(xiàn)出來不僅令人尷尬，而且惹出麻譯文：我知道他比我強煩。3.Thetwoyoungmenbecamefriends,insofarasonecouldhaveafriendshipwithDirac.Insofaras:totheextentthat,tothedegreethat,because,since,inthatInsofarasIcansaynow,Ishallcome.目前我只能說我將會來。Insofaraspossible,ourexampleswillbedrawnfromChinese.在可能范圍內(nèi),例證均引自漢語。13一定份上譯文：他和狄拉克成了朋友，但也只是的朋友而已，狄拉克就是這樣。4.WhileOppenheimerwasinterruptingBorn‘sseminars,announcingthatHecoulddocalculationsbetterinthequantumtheory,Dirac,onlytwoyearsolder,hadinventedthesubject.(3.9)Inventedthesubject:?譯文：締造了這一學(xué)科5.Auden‘sDirac-likelucidity,thesheerwonderoflanguage,andthesenseoffunaboutseriousthings.(4.16)（1）lucidity:beinglucid;beingeasilyunderstood譯文：奧登那狄拉克式的簡潔明快，純粹的語言魅力，寓諧于莊的幽默感6．SpenderalsodoesnotseemtohaveremarkedonOppenheimer‘seyes,whichhadakindofwaryluminescence.Siamesecatsmakeasimilarexpression.(6.8)（1）wary:cautiousandalert(2)luminescence:lightemissionwithoutheat:theemissionoflightproducedbymeansotherthanheatincandescence,e.g.byphosphorescence,fluorescence,orbioluminescence譯文：他的眼睛帶有一種警覺而冷冷的目光。這種目光也可以在暹羅貓身上找到。（教參）B.Vocabulary1.Earlyin1981Ireceivedaninvitationtogivealectureatawriter‘sconference…(1.1)（1）invitation:邀請函，請?zhí)鸈g.HowtowriteaninvitationOtherexamples？(2)lecture:演講，講座Collocation:give/deliveralecture2.AsIrecall,thehonorariumofferedwouldhavebarelycoveredtheexpense.(1.8)(1)honorarium:Apaymentgiventoaprofessionalpersonforservicesforwhichfeesarenotlegallyortraditionallyrequired.辨析StipendCompensationDamagesBonusCommissionPensionAllowanceSubsidyGrantScholarshiprate14fareperk(2)cover:tobesufficienttomeetthechargeorcostof擴展：coveranattemptedassassination?Coverage3.AfterOppenheimergraduatedfromHarvardin1925,hewasawardedafellowshiptostudyinEurope.(2.3-4)(1)fellowship:Thefinancialgrantmadetoafellowinacollegeoruniversity.比較：fellow：researcher研究員Fulbrightfellow富布賴特研究員FulbrightScholar富布賴特學(xué)者背景：富布賴特項目是美國在全球范圍內(nèi)開展的,有良好聲譽的大規(guī)模國際合作.該項目創(chuàng)建于1946年,以其倡議者前美國參議員富布賴特命名,旨在通.目前,約有來自140多個國家的交流項目過教育和文化交流來促進國家間的相互了解25,5000人參與了此項目.中國是最早參與富布賴特項目的國家之一.中美富布賴特項目是根據(jù)兩國政府協(xié).該項目,中美富布賴特項目50名中國學(xué)者修.議,由中國教育部和美國國務(wù)院共同負責(zé)管理的國家項目由美國駐華大使館和中國國家留學(xué)基金管理委員會共同實施.目前每年資助大約50名美國學(xué)者來華講學(xué)和赴美研4.FollowingaveryhappytimeinEngland,whereheseemstohavehadasortofnervousbreakdown,hewenttoGermanytogethisPh.D.(1)breakdown:asuddenphysicalorpsychologicalcollapse崩潰擴充：breakdownShebrokedownonthewaytoprison.Thecarbrokedownonthewaytoprison.Outbreak:Asuddeneruption突然爆發(fā)anoutbreakofinfluenza5.Inmyordinaryseminaronquantummechanics,heusedtointerruptthespeaker,whoeveritwas,notexcludingmyself,andtosteptotheblackboard…(2.11)(1)seminar:擴充：colloquium,forum,workshop,discussiongroup，symposiumFortuneForum6.Thenextyear,DiraccameasavisitortoGottingenand,asithappened,roomedinthelargehouseofaphysiciannamedCariowhereOppenheimeralsohadaroom.(1)room:tooccupyaroom,lodge寄宿，住名詞動用:a.表示物件的名詞book,chair,pin,seat,map,picture,pencil,bag,bottle,pocketb.表示身體部位的名詞15hand,back,head,shoulder,finger,nose,eyec.表示某類人的名詞：fool,nurse,host,doctor,man,soldier,officer,father,d.其它實物名詞：house,room,bridge,flower,floor,duste:抽象名詞：winter,battle,hunger,anger,time,number7.ThismusthavehadaprofoundeffectonOppenheimer.Collocation:profoundeffect/influence/impactOtherexamples:開支票創(chuàng)造奇跡makewonder（wrong）Workwonder取得成就recordachievement好票goodseat衣食住行food,clothing,shelter,transportation8.Itwasagutsythingtodo.(4.6)(1)gutsy:(informal)courageous擴充:Guts:(slang)courageorboldnessHehasnoguts.他沒種。Heisachicken.=cowardChick=girlChickmovie9.…shemighthaveachancetotalkwithotherpeoplewhowereinthesameboat.(1)inthesameboat:inthesamesituationasanotherorothers比較：同病相憐同舟共濟Anoldsaying:Thoseinthesameboatshouldrowtogether同舟應(yīng)共濟我們應(yīng)該同舟共濟Asweareinthesameboat,weshouldrowtogether.Thoseinthes10.Iwassostruckbythefactthat,likeOppenheimer,Spenderseemed―unfocused‖.(4.20)(1)strike:impressHestrikesmeassissy.C．Sentences1.Oppenheimerallowedonetofillintherestofthesentence.(3.line3fromthebottom)162.(As)interestingasitmighthavebeentoheartheresponses,thisdidnotseemtobethesortofanecdotethatwouldgooverespeciallywellataconferencedevotedtopoetry.(3.lastsentence)Gooverwell:bewellreceivedIrony3．Pittedagainsttheseexcellentreasonsformynotgoingtotheconferenceweretwoothersthatfinallycarriedtheday.(4.1)(1)topit:tosetincompetitionagainst;(2)tocarrytheday:towin4.…shewasfindingitprettyroughgoing.(1)rough:notsmooth(2)going:progressing5.Thisaside,IhadreadinthetentativeprogramoftheconferencethatoneoftheothertutorswastobeStephenSpender.(4.9)(1)thisaside:thisbeingputaside;apartfromthis(2)tentative:notfinal,notcertain暫定的，臨時的6．Heis,forme,oneofthosepeoplewhosewritingabouttheirwritingismoreinterestingthantheirwritingitself.(4.13)7．AudenmusthavebeentoSpenderwhatDiracwasforOppenheimer,aconstantreminderofthedifferencebetweenbeing―great‖andbeing―merelyverygood‖.(4.18)8.Bybeingprofoundlyeccentric,bothAudenandDirac,probablynotbyaccident,insulatedthemselves.(4.23)9.Ilearnedthatthiswaspartofasmallcollectionhehadinheritedfromhisfathertowhichhehadneveradded.(5.lastsentence)10.Thiswasthedirector‘smansion.(5.3)(1)director:referringtothedirectoroftheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton.(2)mansion:alarge,imposinghouse紅樓夢異化歸化ADreamofRedMansionsTheStoryoftheStoneDavidHawks11.Hehasaheadlikethatofaverysmallintelligentbody,withalongbacktoit,remindingoneofthoseskullswhichwereespeciallyelongatedbytheEgyptians.Hisskullgivesanalmostegg-shellimpressionoffragility,andissupportedbyaverythinneck.Hisexpressionisradiantandatthesametimeascetic.(6.6)1712.Therewasnocommentaboutthefactthat,threeyearsearlier,Oppenheimerhadbeen―tried‖fordisloyaltytothiscountryandthathisclearancehadbeentakenaway.(7.1)(1)clearance＝securityclearance,whichmeanspermissionallowingaccess:OfficialpermissionforsomebodytohaveaccesstoasecurefacilityortoinformationthathasbeenclassifiedforreasonsofnationalsecurityD.Rhetoric1.WewentintohissittingroomandsawaveryfinevanGoghofasunaboveafieldalmostentirelyenclosedinshadows.(5.6)MetonymyLesson10TextAnalysisA.語義理解與翻譯1.AstheruinsoftheWorldTradetowers//smolderedatthesouthernendofManhattanandthebreezestirred/theashesofthousandsofhumanbeings,anewageofanxietywasborn.（1.1）Ruins：廢墟Smolder:toburnwithlittlesmokeandnoflameAnxiety：Astateofintenseapprehension,uncertainty,andfearresultingfromtheanticipationofathreateningeventorsituation世貿(mào)大樓一片廢墟，余燼未滅，數(shù)千人葬身其中，任由微風(fēng)吹拂，一個新的憂懼時代從此誕生了。B．修辭1．IfsomeonehadsleptthroughSept.11andawakened,RipvanWinkle-likeonthefirstmorningof2002,hiseyeswouldopenonanastonishingnewlandscape.(1.3)RipvanWinkle:allusion典故（參考注解）2.Wewatchwistfullyasthepre-9/11worlddriftsawayonitsraftofmemory,castinTechnicolorshadesofnostalgia.(3.2)Raftofmemory:metaphorTechnicolorshadesofnostalgia:metaphorTechnicolor:彩色印片Shade：陰影；模糊；此處：暗淡Becastin:籠罩在…中我們目送懷念的小舟載著9.11前的世界，在一種懷舊的暗淡法；此處：色彩帶著惆悵的心情，色彩中漂流而去。3….whichassumesthepublicisthinkinginred,whiteandblue,whenactuallythespectrumofemotions,ideasandopinionsaremultihued.（5.4）18thespectrumofemotions,ideasandopinions:metaphorSpectrum:色譜Inred,whiteandblue:metonymyRed,whiteandbluearethecolorsoftheAmericanflag.認為公眾的想法只有紅、白、藍三種顏色，殊不知人們情感、思想、觀點的色譜就和美國本身一樣，是多彩的。4．Overnight,theUnitedStatesperceivedaswordofDamoclessuspendedoveritshead,andtheensuingwavesofparanoiainitiatedsurrealepisodes…(8.1)SwordofDamocles:allusionC.詞匯擴充1．Thevice-president‘ssafekeeperswhiskhimfromplacetoplace,justashisarch-nemesisOsamabinLadenispresumablymovedfromcavetocavehalfwayacrosstheworld.AnthraxpanicsendsCongressrunningfromitschambers.(2.3)Whisk:movequicklyArch-nemesis死敵Arch-第一，主要的擴充：Arch-angel大天使Archbishop大主教Archdove鴿派領(lǐng)袖Nemesis復(fù)仇女神擴充：foe;adversary;rival;opponent;antagonist2.Meanwhile,thepost-9/11eraloomslikeanunmappedwilderness.(4.1)1)Loom:toappearinsightindistinctly,especiallyinathreateningformAneconomiccrisisisloomingonthehorizon.擴充：Loomlarge:toseemimportant,worrying,anddifficulttoavoid:Fearoffailureloomedlargeinhismind.2）Unmappedwilderness:uncultivatedwildregionwhichhasnotbeenexplored.擴充：unchartedwaters/territory/area:asituationoractivitythatyouhaveneverexperiencedortriedbefore:Thisnewprojectwilltakeusintounchartedterritory.anunchartedisland：anislandnotmarkedonanymaps3….anationwi