2023北京市高考英語試卷和答案

2023年北京市高考英語試卷第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例:It’ssonicetohearfromheragain.______,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.That’stosayC.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot答案是D。1.-Hi,I’mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven’tseenyouaround.-Hello,Peter.I’mBob.Ijust______onMonday.A.startB.havestartedC.started D.hadstarted2.______wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.Although B.WhileC.If D.Until3.______alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.A.Travel B.TravelingC.Havingtraveled D.Traveled4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband______asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworking B.wasworkingC.hasworked D.hadworked5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,______helpsthemkeepfit.A.which B.whoC.as D.that6. DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether______ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshareC.havingshared D.shared7. China’shigh-speedrailways______from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears. A.aregrowing B.havegrown C.willgrow D.hadgrown8. Inanyunsafesituation,simply______thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed. A.press B.topress C.pressing D.pressed9. Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho______inthemountainsfortwodays. A.aretrapping B.havebeentrapped C.weretrapping D.hadbeentrapped10.Ordinarysoap,______correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe______wearenow.A.how B.whenC.whereD.why12.Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata______causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey______afewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven14.-Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.-Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment______nextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.onC.inD.at15.Thisis______myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.whichC.thatD.what第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource(來源)oftemptation(誘惑).Butthe______(16)wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith______(17)moreremarkable.Afterspottinga______(18)onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe______(19)toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he______(20)insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(聯(lián)系)thedriver,onlyto______(21)itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter______(22)anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere______(23)tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas______(24).ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis______(25).Mr.Andersonsaid:“Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight______(26)hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand______(27)hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers______(28).It’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare______(29)guysoutthere.”Mr.Smith’sact______(30)muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson______(31)abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto______(32)moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown______(33)himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shadjob______(34)andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing______(35).Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16. A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort17. A.still B.even C.ever D.once18. A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel19. A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman20. A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached21. A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe22. A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing23. A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked24. A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen25. A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement26. A.when B.if C.where D.because27. A.rather B.yet C.already D.just28. A.too B.though C.again D.instead29. A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous30. A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew31. A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard32. A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn33. A.of B.at C.for D.in34. A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications35. A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon(馬拉松) Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead. Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”. TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills! Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself. Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted! Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!” Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain. Bymile21,Iwasstarving! AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning. Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad. Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor______. A.waswelltrained B.feltscared C.madeuphismindtorun D.losthope37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear? A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher. B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory. C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports. D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon? A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway. C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.39. Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport. B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun. Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom. Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(榮譽徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模擬)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(駕駛艙)ofavarietyflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueofa“downed”pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask. Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7. Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone! Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineatoursac.40. WhydopeoplecometoSAC? A.Toexperienceadventures. B.Tolookforjobsinaviation. C.Togetadegreeinengineering. D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto______. A.flytospace B.getanAviationbadgefirst C.studytheprinciplesofflight D.buildandfiremodelrockets42. Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees? A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit. C.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.CPlastic-EatingWormsgreaterwaxmothHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.greaterwaxmothResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2023. FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”43. Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy? A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto______. A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme C.confirmtheresearchfindings D.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight______. A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbags C.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage? A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms. B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm. C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics. D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated. Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared. Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫車）services. AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan______. A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems B.providebetterservicestocustomers C.causedamagetoourenvironment D.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern? A.Safety. B.Sideeffects. C.Affordability. D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean? A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.50. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyDoWeGetAngry? Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(觸發(fā))events,personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations.______(51)Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.______(52)Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.______(53)Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.______(54)Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative（消極的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.______(55)However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國文化感興趣，計劃明年來北京上大學(xué)，他向你咨詢相關(guān)信息。請給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括： 1.表示歡迎； 2.推薦他上哪所大學(xué)； 3.建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。注意： 1.詞數(shù)不少于50； 2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua（請務(wù)必將作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二節(jié)（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，記述你們上周接待外國學(xué)生，帶領(lǐng)他們體驗中國茶文化的全過程。注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。（請務(wù)必將作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）2023北京高考英語試題英語參考答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.C第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）36.C37.C38.A39.B40.A41.D42.B43.C 44.B45.D46.C47.A48.B49.A50.B第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）51.F52.G53.E54.A55.D第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）DearJim,I’msogladtohearyourfuture