語音公選課教案

strongandweakforms（強讀式、弱讀式intonation（語調(diào)）falling,rising,risingfalling,fallingrisingfallingfallingcontraction（縮略appropriatespeed（語速appropriatepause(wordgroup)（按意群進行適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎDChapterIIPhoneticSymbols（音素LessonGeneralintroductiontovowels（元音）andconsonants（輔音）Number48phoneticsymbolsincluding20vowelsand28consonants.Vowels元音Definition:soundsinwhichthereisnoobstructiontotheflowofairasitpassesvowelsand8diphthongs.12Purevowels單元音[i:][e][?][][:][][u][u:][][:]按照舌位（舌的最高點）分前元音Frontvowelsi]ie中元音Centralvowels后元音Backvowelsuu:][發(fā)音原則：音的長短分明、口型分8Diphthongs雙元音:soundswhichconsistofamovementofglidefromonevoweltoanother. [ [ [ 以[]結(jié)尾endinginiu以[i]結(jié)尾Endinginiei]ai]以[u]結(jié)尾Endinginuu發(fā)音原則：由A向B自然過渡，滑動動作大，且連續(xù)，前高后低Consonants輔音Definitionsoundsinwhichthereisobstructiontotheflowofairasitpassesfromthelarynx（喉）tothelips. 音 摩擦音fricatives: [ 破擦音affricates: [d 半元音Approximants(semi-vowels,glides): 舌側(cè)音Lal:Lesson2前元音和前元音Fourfrontvowelsi]ie:短元音。發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，舌前部抬高,舌兩側(cè)抵上齒兩側(cè)；口形扁平。是字母iy在單詞中的發(fā)音。[i:]：長元音。發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，前舌盡量抬高，舌位高于[i]；口形扁平。是字母ea、ee、ey、ieei在單詞中的發(fā)音。[e]：短元音。發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比[i:]低；口形自然放是字母eea在單詞中的發(fā)音[?]：短元音。發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比[e]更低；雙唇平是字母a在閉音節(jié)或重讀音節(jié)中的讀音Word[i]and gin—n pick—peak it—eat sick—seek slip—sleepTonguetwistersPleasesitinthisseat.Doyoustillsteal?ThosebinsareforPipandPeteshippedthesheepshipscheaply.Tim’steamwaslickedbytheleakingroof.ThosebinsareforBillBeal’sbeans.DoesJimstillstealJill’sns?WillWheeler’steamgetmanyhitsinthisheat?ThegirlssnickeredatJillandn’ssneakers.Leavingthelivingsinnersatthescene,WillWheelergrieved.PickcherriesattheirpeakorPetewillseethepits.BeachbinsarefilledwithfieldHe’sgivinghishealingpillstoallthesinnersontheEanyMeanyMinyMoCatchatinkerbythetoeWhenhesquealslethimgoEanyMeanyMinyMoThreegray-greengreedygeese,Feedingonaweedypiece,Thepiecewasweedy,andthegeeseweregreedy,Threegray-greengreedygeese.b.[e]andpet—dead—fell—tent—set—peg—when—lest——TonguetwistersHehidhisFastenthepigtothispeg.Heslidonthesled.Pleasecheckthechick.Asorewristneedsc.[?]andbag—gas—mat—sad—bad—land—sand—pack—ham—TonguetwistersThisbedisIguesstheywantgas.Thegemfellinthejam.Whatshesaidmademesad.Canyoubendthisironband?[e]and[i:]TonguetwistersSomemenaremean.Thedeanhasaden.ThestepissteepWillheselltheseal?Wemetwhilebuying[?]and[i]TonguetwistersThatbagisGivethehamtoHealwaysthinkstosaythanks.Thisstickisforthatstack.Ifyou’refatitwon’t音stops [pb雙唇緊閉,然后突然分開,氣流沖出口腔發(fā)[p]是輕輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶不振動[b]是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振[td]：舌尖緊貼上齒齦，形成阻礙，然后突然下降，氣流沖出口腔發(fā)音。[d]是濁輔音，聲帶振動[kg]：舌后部隆起，緊貼軟腭，形成阻礙，然后突然離開，氣流沖出口腔發(fā)Word[p]andTongueThepigisbig.Pleasebuyapie.Theponyisratherbony.Makeitstablewithastaple.BigblackbugsbleedblueblackbloodbutbabyblackbugsbleedbluePeterispickingpearsandPickypeoplepickPeterPanPeanut-Butter,‘tisthepeanut-butterpickypeoplepickPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers.DidPeterPiperpickapeckofpickledpeppers?IfPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledWhere’sthepeckpickledpeppersPeterPiper[t]and pot—TonguetwistersJustdiptheShewaspattingthepadding.Willshesendonecent?ThetimidratisscaredtoDon’twastetimechattingalldayIfonedoctordoctorsanotherdoesthedoctorwhodoctorsthedoctordoctorthedoctorthewaythedoctorheisdoctoringdoctors?OrdoeshedoctorthedoctorthewaythedoctorwhodoctorsBettyBotterhadsomebutter,“But”,hesaid,“thisbutter’sbitter.IfIbakethisbitterbutter,itwouldmakemybatterbitter.Butabitofbetterbutter—thatwouldmakemybatterbetter.”Sosheboughtabitofbutter,andshebakeditinherbatter,andthebatterwasnotbitter.So‘twasbetterBettyBotterBoughtabitofbetter[k]and TongueTheycameforthegame.Thegoldfeelscold.Theacrobat’sanklesformstrangeAgoodbeginningmakesagoodTakecareofthepenceandthepoundswilltakecareofthemselves.Threegreygeeseingreenfieldsgrazing.Lesson3中元音和摩中元音[]：短元音。發(fā)音時舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，雙唇半扁平是字母a,o,u,eorerur在單詞中的發(fā):]長元音。發(fā)音時舌中部比發(fā)]略高，雙唇扁平。是字母or,er,ir,ur在單詞中的發(fā)音。[形稍扁，開口度比微笑稍大。是字母ou在單詞中的發(fā)音Word[]and lug—lag TongueMyhatisinthatPutrealbutterinthe[]and TongueItwasdoneatdawn.Mygunisgone.lChucktobringthe[e]and[]TonguetwistersTheyfledfromtheflood.Itwasdoneintheden.DidChuckgetmyAduckisonthedeck.Ourpuphasnopep.[]and[i]Theirhutwashit.Thatstickisstuck.Thatbugistoobig.Pleasehumthishymn.YoucanlickbadWormssquirmintheWhenfirstisheardThemurmurandchirpOftheearlybird.ButterandsugarandeggsandBeatthemagainforhalfanBakethecakeforanhourorButyounevermustopentheoven摩擦音[fv]θ]szh[fv]:唇齒音。上齒輕放在下唇上，但不要咬唇，氣流由上齒和下唇之間沖Wordsave—prove—vast—veal—very—van—view—TongueAfleaandaflyflewupinaSaidtheflea,“LetusSaidthefly,“LetusSotheyflewthroughaflawintheOurfanisintheIdon’tfeellikeeatingveal.Onlyafewcanseethisview.CanyousaveenoughtofeelFourfuriousfriendsfoughtfortheIfFreakyFredfoundfiftyfeetoffruitandfedfortyfeettohisfriendFrank,howmanyfeetoffruitdidFreakyFredfind?[θ][]:齒間音。發(fā)音時舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流由舌齒間送出，形成摩擦音。[]是濁輔音。聲帶振動Wordbreath—teeth—worthnorth—south—bath—loath—wreath—[θ]and thirst— thought— thrill— thin—[θ]andthin—thing—think—faith—thought—thumb—theme—mouth—TonguetwistersBeingthinisnosin.Wesawthethaw.Idon’tthinkitwillBesidesbeingmossyitisallmothy.Theirgrossshowsasteady[]andbreathe— clothe—closewrithe— seethe—TongueItwasthenthattheystudiedZen.Stopteasingwhileshe’steething.Helaysitonthelathe.Canyoubatheinbothbays?Breathethefreshbreeze.Pleasesoothethatfriendof[θ]andthank—theme— thick— thought—[]andthere— they— those— thus—TongueIdon’tdaregoArethosethemenwhoBythenhe’llbeintheden.Heloathescarryingbigloads.Howdoesthisbreedmanagetobreathe?Iamloathtoloatheanyone.TheywillwreathehiminaArthurisnowbreathingThoseclothesaren’tworthThoristhegodofthunder.Hethrewthreethrows.Elizabeth’sbirthdayisonthethirdThursdayofthismonth.Ithought,“Ithoughtofthinkingofthankingyou.”ThursdaysarethirstydaysforlethargicRuthandMr.Smith’steetharethinandThievesarethanklessthugswhodeserveourItseemsthemesaresoughtbythousandsofmythicalSickthicketsthwartedseventhinsinnersfrompassingThickticksonthreetreesbroughtbrothtotenthintinThreethrillingfrillsfoughtonRuth’sBreathethebreeze,loathethelows,andsoothetheRatherthanloathingtheirmothers,soothetheirBathinginthebaysissoothingtothoseteethingMythreadistoothick!Mythreadistoothin!Sothisisthethingwe’lldo;WebothwillaskMotherTogiveusAndwithitathimbleI’mthankfulforathousandForfaithfulearth,forbirthandForthoughtandhealthandstrengthandmirth,Andmaybe,whenitcomes,fordeath.[zs]：舌尖抵下齒齦，但不要貼緊，氣流由舌尖和下齒齦之間流出。[z]是濁輔音as—seize—lose—parse—zeal—zinc—raise—sown—bus—ice—sue—TongueWedrowseanddozeunderthetreesInamazyhazeondayslikethese,Dizziedwithsoundsofsheepthatbrowse,Andlazysoundsofgrazingcows,Andbuzzofbusybees,whoseMakeslazierlazinessCindycollectsallsortsofSevensillyskunkssignedSam,passmethesaltSallyalwayssuffersfromsea-sicknesswhensheisat[]and道，氣流由此通過摩擦發(fā)音。雙唇稍向前突出，略成長方形。[]：清輔音，聲帶不振動；[]and[s] show—sew sheet—seat TonguePutthesacintheshack.ThisshoefitsSue.Putasheetontheseat.Thatisthelasttobelashed.HebelongstoaparishinIslitasheet.AsheetIslit.UpontheslittedsheetIsit.ThesixthSikhsheik’ssixthsheep’ssick.ThesickSikhsheik’sslicksheep’sThestrictSikhsheik’ssleeksixthsheep’sstreaked.Theslicksheik’ssixthsicksheepseekssleep.Sheepshouldn’tsleepinashack,butinaSurelythesunshallshineWesurelyshallseethesunshineThisshopsellsthelatestfashionofshirtsandSheshudderedandshiveredwhensheheardtheshockingSandysniffedsweetsmellingsunflowerseedswhilesittingbesideswiftAdishofmashedpotatoes,AbowlofmushIwish.AndallthehashthatIcaneatAndfish,andfish,andfish.Shesells sbytheThe sshesellsaresurely Soifshesellsssontheseashore,I’msureshesellsseashore [r]and[]舌尖向上卷起，停在口腔，舌前部下陷略成凹形，舌身兩端收攏，雙唇略突出，氣流從舌面與硬腭間流出發(fā)音。：a.清晰音，用在元音前。舌端緊抵上齒齦，舌前向硬腭抬起形成阻礙，氣抬，舌面形成凹槽，氣流從舍兩側(cè)流出發(fā)音。Word rack—lack wrong—long royal—loyal ThereisalightontheTheywerelateinannouncingtheBowlingisboring.Aretheytoflee?HereisthebillfortheAroundtheruggedrockstheraggedrascalsran.Aroseneverroars.LightthelampAndliftthelatchAndlookatthelovelylady!IsshelittleOrissheO,let’snot ForafterallShe’sonlyalovelyLet’sridetotheWhatshallweRibbonsandForherdresswhenshe’llRayRicecanRayRicecanRayRicecanButRayRicecan’tClimbingcrimesareluresforcrowdedclowns.Thereare fleasforalltheloyalroyalty.It’stherightlightwiththeglimmerintheCollectingthecorrectionsistheroleoftheJerry’sberryjellyreallyrankledhisbroilingLesterlearnedlittleLatinlanguageLittleLatinlanguagelessonsLesterLittleLarryLionlaylazilyinthe[h]口自然張開，氣流不受阻礙自由沖出口腔，只在通過聲門時產(chǎn)生摩擦發(fā)andHerhairisfair.Hefoundahound.Afterhisfumblehewashumble.HewasrehiredandthenHowHowardhopefullyhoedtheHalloweenLesson4后元音與破擦后元音Backvowelsuu:][[u]是英語字母u,ooou在單詞中的發(fā)TongueHowmanyscouldagoodcookcook,ifagoodcookcouldcooks?AgoodcookcouldcookasmuchsasagoodcookwhocouldcookWeshouldloveifwecouldgotothewoodAndlookforthecrookedMay,Wherethecuckootookthewood-lark’snest,Andpushedhereggsaway.Howmuchwoodwouldawood-chuckchuckIfawood-chuckcouldchuckwood?HewouldchuckasmuchwoodAsawood-chuckwouldchuck,Ifawood-chuckcouldchuckwood.Thepigeoncouldhavecooed.舌后部向軟腭抬起，抬得比[u]更高，雙唇收得比[u]更圓、更[u:]ooouAtnooninJunewhentheflowersdroop,Andtheroofingskyisblue;WhenthedovescroonthroughthegloomoftheWhatdowechoosetoWhy,totrooptothepoolwherethewaterSeemsfartoogoodtobeWorda.[u]andpull—full—could—wood—foot—AtnoonItookaAndsatbythepoolinthewood,AndputmyfootinthepoolOh,howPleasetakealookatLuke.Thatfoolisneverfull.Butshouldahorsebeshoed?Didyoupullhimintothepool?[u]andThebookcostabuck.Thetailortookatuck.ItisgoodlucktoItdoesn’tlooklikegoodHetoldHucktohelpfindthe[]是字母o在單詞中的發(fā)音Froggy-boggysatonaFroggy-boggyhadagreatFroggy—boggyfellofftheIntothepondhefellwitha:]:長元音。舌尖不觸下齒，舌后部抬得比]高，雙唇收得比]圓而小:]是英語字母ooral,oarouroor在單詞中的發(fā)音PridegoesbeforeaGeorgesawasawhangingontheHewasbornonAugustthefourteenth,nineteenforty-TongueGoodmorningtoallwhowalk,Goodmorningtoallwhocrawl,Goodmorningtoallwhosoar,Orswim,goodmorningIcall,Tobroadandtosmall,toshortandtotall,Goodmorning,goodmorningtoall.PastbargesandPastharborsandfarms,Thecarsgodartingby;TillafterdarktheirsparklingStartlethestarrya.[]and[odd—stock—cock—cot—chock—not—don—Herskirtcaughtonthecot.HetaughtthelittleTot.ItdidnotcometoThesoughtthemiserablesot.Itwaschockfullofchalk.[u]and[]ItcouldbeHeputdownthepot.Pleaselookatmylock.Thecrookstolemycrock.[]and[ThatadisThecopworeacap.It’stoohotforahat.Takestockofthatstack.Shesangasong.[e]and[Hastheyachtsailedyet?Shipswreckonthatrock.Therodwasred.Pleasestoponthestep.Itwasnotoverthe[]andIhopethat’snotanut.Thathutwascertainlyhot.Ihatetosloshthroughthisslush.Handthiscuptothecop.Isthataduckordock？Itwasdugbythedog.Ican’tlugaItwasdoneatdawn.Mygunisgone.lChucktobringthe長元音。舌尖離開下齒，舌身平放后縮，舌后部稍抬起，口張開，開口最大。[:]是英語字母ar在閉音節(jié)或重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀音，也是字母a在以st結(jié)尾的[]andcut—luck—hut— duck—cluck—cup—much— stuck—Pleaseparkthecarinthecarpark.It’sveryhardtostartthecar.Thefarmerismanagingaverylargefarm.Thefarmisfarfromthepark.破擦音affricatestdtrdrts[t]and[d]：舌尖舌端抬起貼住上齒齦后部，形成阻礙，氣流沖破阻礙摩chain—cheap—cheer—catch--choke—batch—larch—rich—ThesoldierscrossedalargebridgeandmarchedtotheedgeoftheJanehadchickenandFrenchfriesforTherichmerchantwenttothebeachwiththeJohnurgedJoantobuyadigitalThere’sajaroforangejuiceontheIsajaroforangejuiceonthearmchairorajarofapplejuiceonChuck!Chuck!Chuck!I’vehatchedalittleduck,AndsuchabatchofcheeChuck!Chuck!Jump,jump,overthehedge,Andjoggety-jogacrossthebridge,Andjingle-janglealltheway,Gee-up!Thejollyoldgentleman[tr]and[dr]：先做好發(fā)[r]的，然后舌尖上翹貼在上齒齦后部，發(fā)出短促[tr]and try—dry TrumanwasdrunkanddroppedintheDon’tfollowthebeatentrack,butblazeanewTrudy’sdreamhascometrueatTheboydrewatrainrunningalongthetrees.Ihadastrangedreaminthetrain.Mr.Trenchtreatedmetosomestrong[tr]andtreat— trees— trip— train— trace—[t]andThere’sacherryinmysherry.Thosesheeparenotcheap.DowitchesgrantWecan’tmarchinthatmarsh.Thereistoomuchofthatmush.[dr]anddressed— drug— drudge—[ts]and[dz]:先做好發(fā)[t]的（舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣流），然后舌端略[ts]and Therearelotsofkitesflyingintheskyinspring.KeatssendsgiftstohisfriendsonHealwaysputsuphistwohandsandgreetshisguests.Shehideshercoatsandbootsinthewardrobe.Isawlotsandlotsofbirdsandkites.Heholdsthreecatsinhishands.KeatswantssomecardsandTherearehundredsandhundredsofbedsintheTheguardshavekilledthousandsandthousandsofbirdsandGifts,gifts,RaftsofGiftsfromyouandme.Thewindshifts.ThetideRaftsdriftouttoThewinds,thewinds,thewinterwinds,Haveblownthesandstosea;Butfriends,myfriends,thoselovingfriends,Arestillkindfriendstome.[dz]and roads—rose Lesson5雙元音、鼻輔音與半元[i][]([uei]aii]u以[]結(jié)尾endingini以[i]結(jié)尾Endinginiei]ai]以[u]結(jié)尾Endinginuu發(fā)音原則：前長后短、前重后輕、前高后低、前清楚后模糊[i口型由[向[]滑動。發(fā)音過程中，下顎向上合攏，舌位也隨之稍稍抬高。[ei]是字母aai在開音節(jié)單詞中的讀音Nopains,noApennysavedisapennyHastemakesItisnevertoolatetoYoumusthitthenailontheYoushouldyitsafeandnotmakeWallyWallyWallyWallyHadatenfoottail-HechasedallthefishesWhenhewentforaMollyMollyHadatwentyfoottail-ShecaughtalltheWhenshewentfora[ai]是字母i,yight在單詞中的讀音Pricesaresky-hightheseSheisfightingshyofseeinghisStrikewhiletheironisLetby-gonesbeby-GreatmindsthinkThere’snoneedtolightanightlightOnalightnightliketonight;Foranightlight’sjustaslight[au]是字母ouow在單詞中的讀音Whataboutgoingtothesouthfortheholiday?It’sgettingdarkeranddarkeroutside.Don’tshoutatyourparentslikeHesaysthatthe ’sfacilitiesareoutof]：口型由]向[i滑動。發(fā)音過程中，唇形由圓形變?yōu)楸庑巍Ｏ骂€活動沒有[ai顯著。[i]是字母oyoi在單詞中的讀TheyfoundanewoilfieldintheThisshopsellsavarietyofthechoicestIwasquiteannoyedbyhiscasual[]是字母o,oa,owoe在單詞中的讀音。LittlestrokesfellgreatArollingstonegathersnomoss.Asyousowyoushallmow.Iwouldn’tgethisgoatforsuchsmall[[i向[i[i]是字母earereea,eer在單詞中的讀There’saverygoodho aroundhere.Thepriceoftheleatherbagisratherdear.TheycametoseeuswithsomeverygoodCheerfulchoseacheesyDidcheerfulchooseacheesychowder?Ifcheerfulchoseacheesychowder,Howcheerfulwasafterhechosethecheesy,Shedarestosharetheresponsibility.That’squiteanotherpairofshoes.Thechairmancaresalotabouttheresult.Theairneistakingofffromthesquare.[]是字母ouroorure在單詞中的讀音OurproductfoundagoodmarketinmanyoftheEuropeanDuringthattime,IwasinEuropeforabusinesstour.Youcanbeassuredthathewillnotletoutthesecret.ThedoctorfromAsiasaidthatthepatientwouldsurelybeWord[i:]andIhatethisheat.TheyseemtheThestreetisstraight.Thegrainisgreen.Setthetrayunderthe[ei]andIhatetogetThepillmadeherpale.Theywerelitverylate.Thatpincausedmepain.Alargestickisastake.[ei]and[]Ihatethishat.Iammadatthemaid.Usebaittocatchabat.Thecapmatchesthecape.UncleSamisnotthe[ei]and[]Ihatethishut.TheymakesuchafussoverherTheyrunintherain.Thatsumisnotthesame.Whatcanyougainwitha[ei]and[]Pleasetastethetoast.ItblowsontheBringacakeandacoke.Thegoatbrokethegate.Abearwilldozefor[]andPutbackmyThemanisinthemine.Theysatatthesite.Isthattheladwholied?Itisfinetobringafan.[]andHemusthavethemost.HasyourcoatbeenPleasecomeandbringacomb.Itflowedbecauseoftheflood.Theholesarefullofhulls.[]andDon’tprodproudpeople.DidDonfalldown?ThecloutcausedaHeisboundtobuyaIheardashoutfollowedbya[i]andCanRoyeatitraw?Didhefallonthefoil?OnequartofoilisWillyoucallaboutthecoil?Shewaspoisedasshepaused.[]andIhopeyoucanhop.It’snotinthenote.Who’sgotyourgoat?DidJohninviteHangthecloakunderthe[]anddown—shout—house—now—loud—town--鼻輔音[mn:雙唇閉攏，堵住氣流，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔流出發(fā)音:舌尖緊貼上齒齦，堵住氣流，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔流出發(fā)音，發(fā)音時口[]:舌位與[kg]相同，軟腭下垂，堵住口腔通道，氣流從鼻腔流出發(fā)音，發(fā)音a.[m][n]meat—mere—mice—more—gone—lawn—ran—sin—b.[m]--[n]-- [n]and Itisnotalot.YouneedtoMyniecehastheItwasthehoundthat[n]and pin—thin--thingSammakesmanymistakesinhis TomiscomingwithsomehamandSincetimeimmemorialthemoonhasmovedmentomakeMymotorishumming,I’mcoming,I’mcoming,Makeroom,makeNotaminutetowait,I’mlate,I’mlate,Makeroom,makeroom,makeDoyouknowwherethenewknivesNinemenandwomenwerestandinginaThere’snonewsofAnnie,butwhenwehaveany,we’llsendyoualine.TheraininSpainfallsmainlyintheins.YouknowIknowthatyouknow.IknowthatyouknowthatINowrunintherainAndnowinthesunAgainandagain—Oh,isn’titDing-dong!Ting-a-ling!“Whatdoyoubring?”“Songsforsinging,bellsforThesethingsI半元音[j[j]面的元音滑動。聲帶振動。[w]后面的元音滑動。聲帶振動。a.[j]andyet—use—yak—yacht—year—yard—your—yam—yoke—TheyounggirlisspinningyarnintheThenewstudentsarearguingaboutthingsintheirWhentheorchard-yieldwillbegatheredsoon,Andthefieldsbeyondareyellowwithcorn,Thedoginouryardawakeswithayawn,AndyapsandyelpsattheyellowAyoungyellowriverisrunningthroughYorkcity,ayachtisrestinginayardbesidetheyellowriver.AlotofyoungstersaresittingontheyachtintheyardbesidetheyellowriverwhichrunsthroughYorkcity.b.[v]andvet—vest—veil—vain—veal—vent—verse—via—vile—vine--Itwouldbewisertocleanthevisor.DidWaltputitinthevault?Myverseisgettingworse.TheyroveddowntheVioletsgrowinthatWhichwitchwishedwhichwickedWherethere’sawill,thereisaPleasekeepquietforawhilewhenwearealllisteningtotheWewaddleawayfromthewater,Andnowwewillwaddleback;Thenswish,swish,weareswimmingQuack!Quack!Ifyou’venevereverseenawigglewiggleyournose,wiggleyourtoes,wiggleworm.It’saslimy,fuzzywiggle,wiggleworm,wiggleyourhips,wiggleyourtoes,wiggleworm.Ifyou’veeverheldaslimy,fuzzyworm,Throwyourhandsup,starttosquirm,yellingyuck!Butrememberasyougiggle,wiggleworm,Keepyourheadsup,stayalert,andwiggleworm.Andifyou’veeverreadaboutawiggleworm,Yell:“Wegigglewhenwewigglewithworms!”[r]andThosereedsarejustweeds.Iwillwaittoheartherate.ThewayhewasrearedisveryLesson6美語與英語元音音標(biāo)對美語、英語元音音標(biāo)對照美語音英語音例美英ieuueo//美語語音的特點美語元音里面沒有嚴(yán)格的長短音的區(qū)別只要在單詞中出現(xiàn)字母r，美音都要卷舌英音中，句子里的強讀和弱讀區(qū)分明顯其他特點字母a在英音中發(fā)/a:/，而美音中在/n/ after/ft/，pass/ps/,path/p/。例詞： ask banana cast glass mast piano stafftasktranslate字母wh-在美音中則讀作/hw/。如when/(h)wn/,while/(h)wat/ 美音中清音/t/在非重讀音節(jié)中、二個元音之間出現(xiàn)或跟l,n時，通常濁化成/d/,英音中沒有這個變化，如city/st/,letter/ldr/。ChapterIII語音技Lesson1WordStress單詞重元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中的絕對開音節(jié)：以發(fā)音字母為結(jié)尾的音節(jié)me,no,相對開音節(jié)：以輔音字母（r除外）加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，例如make,元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)中讀長音，即字母本身的音a:[ei]name,take,shake,lakee:[i:]he,she,thesei:[ai]life,kite,o:[u]ago,nose,stone,u:[ju:]cute,excuse,mute,元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀以一個或幾個輔音字母(r除外)結(jié)尾而且中間只有一個元音字母的音節(jié)叫閉音a:[]cat,n,e:[e]bed,west,memberi(y):[i]big,drink,o:[]clock,lock,job,commonu:[]but,fun,jump非重讀音節(jié)中元音大多發(fā)[i]或alone,banana,cabbage,village,silent,defend,habit,negative,cloudy,command,Europe,support,autumn,minuter音含有元音字母加r的音節(jié)稱為r音節(jié)重讀r音節(jié)中ar:[:]car,er:[:]term,emergeir:[:]girl,firstor:[:]corn,fortune,portrait,porkur:[:]nurse,burden在非重讀音節(jié)中，r音節(jié)多弱化為[]beggar,leader,doctor,重音音節(jié)。音節(jié)重讀的三個特征重讀音節(jié)的元音較長重讀音節(jié)有較高的音調(diào)重讀音節(jié)的元音飽滿而清晰復(fù)合名詞當(dāng)中往往重讀第一個詞而不是第二deadline,classroom,software,airport,laptop,sunglasses,由兩個名詞組成的復(fù)合詞，往往重讀第一個名詞（或第一個名詞的主音節(jié)上。airconditioner,trafficjam,computerlab,vacuumcleaner,web“幾十“重音，“十幾”重音在后forty,thirty,fifty,sixty,fourteen,thirteen,fifteen,前綴和詞根的動詞中，重音在動詞的詞根（或第二部分overlook,overheat, ct,withdraw,兩個詞組成的短語動詞中，重讀小品詞（第二部分passout,getout,countdown,figureout,dropout,print表示地點或方向的復(fù)合副詞中，重音在第二部outside,downtown,overseas,northeast,部分兼作名詞和動詞的雙音節(jié)詞，名詞重音，動詞重音在convert,export,import,increase,present,record,rebel,object,CD,MBA,NBA,WHO,TGIF(ThankGoodnessIt’s通過后綴判斷重音,重讀后綴前面的音節(jié)scientific,organic,chaotic,athletic,electric,specific,-technological,economical,theoretical,mechanical,-minority,fatality,possibility,reality,activity,-solidify,personify,humidify,purify,simplify,anthropology,biology,geology,methodology,–tion,-distribution,discussion,repetition,competition,photography,geography,–ious,-mysterious,suspicious,courageous,spacious,technician,physician,Canadian,financial,official,commercial,substantial, 以–ee,-eer,-ese,-esque,-ique,-ette為后綴的詞，重讀后綴音節(jié)engineerabsenteeemployeerefereeChinesetechniquediskette,以后綴-ate結(jié)尾，重讀后綴之前的第二個音calculate,motivate,congratulate,associate,innovate,Lesson2SentenceStress句子詞、疑問詞、感嘆詞、數(shù)詞。HonestyisthebestHewoulddieratherthanIt’sbettertobetooearlythantobeBettertodowellthantosayThiswilldoyouWhosearetheWhat’stheuseofgrumbling?Aroseisabeautifulflower.Thestrongshouldhelptheweak.Theywentarminarm.That’sthemanwhohelpedme.Shestudiesfrommorningtillnight.Doyouknowwhowillbethere?重讀的詞在一個句子中再次出現(xiàn)時不重讀DoastheteacherShepassedthedoorofalargeshop.SuddenlyshedecidedtoenterthatGohomeandstayIsitanewtown?No,it’sanoldWhatispink?AroseisAlliswellthatends助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和be動詞一般沒有句子重音，但在附加句中可以重讀，Hewon’tdoit,willhe?No,hewon’t.Youcandoit,can’tyou?Yes,Ican.Youweretrying,weren’tyou?Yes,I助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和be與not聯(lián)成一詞時要重讀Shedoesn’tliketheweatherhere.Ican’tspeakFrench.Theyaren’twaitingforus.Heisn’tatechnician.be用在一般疑問句句首時，重讀與否均可Ishea Ishea比較句中的重音落在as或than后的代（名）詞上Thisisbetterthanthat.JohnistallerthanBill.She’sashappyasalark.He’sasslyasafox.表示程度的副詞要重讀indeed,utterly,absolu y,terrific,tremendously,awfully,terribly,really y,truly,li lly,extremely,surely,comple y,barely,entirely,very,quite,especially,only,ownselfAfriendinneedisafriendYou’reabsoluyHe’lldefiniydothatforyou..Hefeelsextremelysorry.邏輯重音：有時為了強調(diào)，句子任何詞都可以有句子重音，包括非的詞，這種依說話者意圖重讀的音就是邏輯重音Areyouangrywithme?Areyouangrywithme?AreyouangrywithDidyoulmywife?Didyoulmywife?Didyoulmywife?WeheardJohntalking.WeheardJohntalking.WeheardJohnShereadanoveltomelastnight.Shereadanoveltomelastnight.Shereadanoveltomelastnight.Shereadanoveltomelastnight.ShereadanoveltomelastItwasveryboring.(沒有強調(diào)Itwasveryboring.（強調(diào)“枯燥”程度Youdon’thavetotalksoloudly.（沒有強調(diào)Youdon’thavetotalksoloudly.(強調(diào)“不要Lesson3Consonantcluster(輔音連讀位于詞 s smoke slide please frank ss 以發(fā)咝音的[szt][d]結(jié)尾的單詞后加上-s,讀作[]teachesofficesspeecheseraseschancespagespays,leaves,ns,grades,skills,fields,清輔音加上-s讀作fits,works,results,claps,states,tests,beasts,清輔音動詞結(jié)尾加上-ed,讀作asked,worked,talked,focused,kicked,voiced,finished,濁輔音加上-ed,讀作nned,closed,yed,refused,installed,burned,longed,以輔音td結(jié)尾的詞加上-ed，讀作waited,repeated,resulted,decided,delighted,wasted,Lesson pletePlosion(不完全或失去音/pbtdkg/不完全或失plosives+plosives音+ putdown wet nextstop keep take notgreat hard quite wasteplosives+fricatives音+摩擦friendshipfirst oldfriends stepforward redflagsabrightfuture sweetflowers ripefruit acomplete akindvoice aone-sidedviewfirstvisit secondvolume constantvigilance acompletevictoryjustthink athousandthanks getthrough takethreebrightthought therightthing blackthreadgetthere justthen takethis askthemredstars brightsky firststep keepsilentshortstories folksongs deepsnow agreatsuccessagoodseason abigzoo agoodzipper bookshelvesfirstshift don’tshout looksharp makesureagood asmart apublicplosives+affricates音+破擦white great loud agoodagoodchild thefirstchapter abitdry asecondchoiceagoodjob ablackjacket abigtree abigjarahardjourney excellentjudgment afasttrain asweetdreamacolddrinkt,d+m,n(nasalplosion)音+鼻輔goodmorning attendmeeting notmine helpmeagoodmemory adifferentmeaning animportantmatter atnoon notnow don’tknowoddnumbers quitenear goodnews urgentneedsaloudnoiset,d+l lplosion)音+舌側(cè) kettle settle atleast atlast atleisure atlunch atliberty anoutlinearedlantern thethirdlesson agoodleader thesecondlongestLesson5Linking(Liaison連 Consonant+readitcomeworkgoodthinkofspeakfirstofnotatalloflookatleaveitpickitputittakeitinantakeitanhourananininanputitputputitlethimtakeitbestoftakeittakeaboveanhouranda backinaabottleofkeepabowlof aboxofstandII.r-linkingthereisoneofthereour more forafterfarhereand fatherandlaterforremember clearforaforanapairof apairofformoreorfarand amatterofIII.vowel+Iam youare sheis goout anyother toooftengoon tryit tryagain throwaway noobjectionnoend highlyimportant veryinteresting seeoff stayupLesson6Assimilation（同化相同或相似；或者兩個音相互影響，變成第三個音。A.[]towithbreatheB.[z]totheseHewasWechoseC.[v]toofWe’vefoundapieceof[t]to[p]before[p,b,that that that[t]to[k]before[k,g]thatcup thatgirl[d]to[b]before[p,b,good good good[d]to[g]before[k,good good[n]to[m]before[p,b,m]tencups tengirls[s]to[]or[]before[,this this GodblessThat’syour It’syourbedtime,[z]to[]before[,Hasshe thoseyoung Doesyourfriend[t]+[j]=Don’tyoulikeit? Won’tyougowithus?Couldn’tyoudoitby Weren’tyouat[d]+[j]=Didyouunderstand? Wouldyoudomeafavor?Couldyourfriendseeus?ReadthefollowingUseyour NicetomeetIcan’tfityou Didn’tyoufindWhatnumberdidyoudial? Shouldyouneedhelp,justcall.Whendoesyournewjobstart? It’swhatyou’dexpect.Don’tyouhaveanyothers? Youmadeyourbed,didn’tyou?It’stoobadthatyou’llnotbehere. Mary’suniversity’sinanotherPat’susuallyontime. Isthatwhatyou’ve Hehelpedyou,didn’the? Weallmissedyou.Lesson7StrongandWeakforms（強讀式、弱讀式虛詞一般弱讀，但位于句尾、簡單回答或強調(diào)時需要強讀Iwantsome（弱讀）Doyouwantsome（強讀You’re（弱讀）notateacherare（強讀）Isthere（弱讀）acomputerontheYesthereis（強讀There’s（弱讀）amanattheImportantweakformsa,an[,n]a a anugly anauniversity whatapity aEuropean You’llneedanaxe.am[m,m]I’mnotready What