喬布斯簡介英文模板

StevePaulJobs(February24,1955–October5,2023)wasanfamousAmericanbusinessman,inventor,andindustrialdesigner.Hewastheco-founder,chairman,andCEOofAppleInc;CEOandmajorityshareholderofPixar;amemberofTheWaltDisneyCompany'sboardofdirectorsfollowingitsacquisitionofPixar;andfounder,chairman,andCEOofNeXT.Jobsiswidelyrecognizedasapioneerofthemicrocomputerrevolutionofthe1970sand1980s,alongwithAppleco-founderSteveWozniak.Jobs'sofficialbiographer,WalterIsaacson,describedhimasa"creativeentrepreneurwhosepassionforperfectionandferociousdriverevolutionizedsixindustries:personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing."ChildhoodwhenJob'sbiologicalmothergavebirthtoJobsonFebruary24,1955,shedecidedtochoseanadoptivecoupleforhim,astherewasastrongstigmaagainstbearingachildoutofwedlockandraisingitasasinglemotherintheUnitedStatesinthattime.SoJob'sfatherandmother,PaulJobsandClaraHagopian,adoptedandraisedhiminahotbedofcounterculture,theSanFranciscoBayAreaduringthe1960s.ThefamilymovedtoCaliforniain1961.Duringthistime,Paulbuiltaworkbenchinhisgarageforhissoninorderto"passalonghisloveofmechanics."Jobsmeanwhileadmiredhisfather'scraftsmanship"becauseheknewhowtobuildanything.Jobswasdeeplyinvolvedinelectronicsandbefriendedmanyoftheengineerswholivedintheneighborhood.

AdolescenceIn1967,theJobsfamilymovedtoCristDriveinLosAltos,CaliforniabecauseJobsbecamea"sociallyawkwardloner”inthepre-middleschoolBillFernandez,afellowelectronicshobbyistwhowasinthesamegradeashim,washisfirstfriendafterthemove.HealaointroducedJobsto18-year-oldelectronicswhizandHomesteadHighalumnSteveWozniak,whowasthesameco-founderoftheApplecorporationlater.HebeganhisfirstyearthereinHomesteadHighSchoolinlate1968,buthealsohadnointerestinsportsandsaidhewasalwaysaloner.Butheunderwentachangeduringmid-1970,hestartedtoreadmoreoutsideofjustscienceandtechnology—Shakespeare,Plato,KingLearandsoon.Fromthatpoint,Jobsdevelopedtwodifferentcirclesoffriends:thosewhowereinvolvedinelectronicsandengineeringandthosewhowereinterestedinartandliteratureIn1971afterWozniakbeganUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,JobsbegantovisithiminBerkeleyafewtimesaweek.ThisexperienceledhimtostudyinnearbyStanfordUniversity'sstudentunion.JobsalsodecidedthatratherthanjointheelectronicsclubandlearnedlotsofnewthingsReedCollegeLaterintheyear,JobsenrolledatReedCollegeinPortland,Oregon.ReedwasanexpensivecollegewhichPaulandClaracouldillafford.Theywerespendingmuchoftheirlifesavingsontheirson'shighereducation.SoJobsplannedtodropoutofReedbecausehedidnotwanttospendhisparents'moneyonit,Hecontinuedtoattendbyauditingclasses,includingacourseoncalligraphy.Ina2023commencementspeechforStanfordUniversity,Jobsstatesthatduringthisperiod,hesleptonthefloorinfriends'dormrooms,returnedCokebottlesforfoodmoney,andgotweeklyfreemealsatthelocalHareKrishnatemple.Inthatsamespeech,Jobssaid:"IfIhadneverdroppedinonthatsinglecalligraphycourseincollege,theMacwouldhaveneverhadmultipletypefacesorproportionallyspacedfonts."AppleIn1973,SteveWozniakdesignedhisownversionoftheclassicvideogamePong.Afterfinishingit,WozniakgavetheboardtoJobs,whothentookthegamedowntoAtari,Inc.AtarithoughtthatJobshadbuiltitandgavehimajobasatechnician.Atari'scofounderNolanBushnelllaterdescribedhimas"difficultbutvaluable",pointingoutthat"hewasveryoftenthesmartestguyintheroom,andhewouldletpeopleknowthat.JobstraveledtoIndiainmid-1974withhisReedfriend,insearchofspiritualenlightenment.Afterstayingforsevenmonths,JobsleftIndiaandreturnedtotheUS.Jobshadchangedhisappearance;hisheadwasshavedandheworetraditionalIndianclothing."

Wozniakhaddesignedalow-costdigital"bluebox"togeneratethenecessarytonestomanipulatethetelephonenetwork,allowingfreelong-distancecalls.Ina1994interview,Jobssaidthatifnotfortheblueboxes,therewouldhavebeennoApple.In1976,WozniakinventedtheAppleIcomputer.AfterWozniakshowedittoJobs,whosuggestedthattheysellit,theyformedAppleComputerinthegarageofJobs'sLosAltoshome.In1977,JobsandWozniakintroducedtheAppleIIattheWestCoastComputerFaire.ItwasthefirstconsumerproductsoldbyAppleComputerandwasoneofthefirsthighlysuccessfulmass-producedmicrocomputerproductsLeaveIn1985,ApplePresidentandCEOSculleyhadlittlecontroloverchairmanoftheboardJobs'sMacintoshdivision.ManyleftAppleincludingWozniak,whostatedthatthecompanyhad"beengoinginthewrongdirectionforthelastfiveyears"andsoldmostofhisstock.Afewmonthslater,JobsturnedinaletterofresignationtotheAppleBoard.JobsfoundedNeXTIncin1985whichhelpedhimstageacomebackafterhisresignationfromApple.In1986,JobsfundedthespinoutofTheGraphicsGroup(laterrenamedPixar)forthepriceof$10million.ThefirstfilmproducedbyPixarwithitsDisneypartnership,ToyStory(1995),withJobscreditedasexecutiveproducer,broughtfameandcriticalacclaimtothestudiowhenitwasreleased.Overthenext15years,lotsofgoodanimationmovieswascreatedbythePixar.OnJanuary24,2023,JobsandIgerannouncedthatDisneyhadagreedtopurchasePixarinanall-stocktransactionworth$7.4billion.Whenthedealclosed,JobsbecameTheWaltDisneyCompany'slargestsingleshareholderwithapproximatelysevenpercentofthecompany'sstockReturntoAppleIn1997,AppleacquiredandmergedNeXT,allowingJobstobecomeCEOonceagain,revivingthecompanyatthevergeofbankruptcy.HewasformallynamedinterimchiefexecutiveinSeptember.InMarch1998,toconcentrateApple'seffortsonreturningtoprofitability,Jobsterminatedanumberofprojects.JobschangedthelicensingprogramforMacintoshclones,makingittoocostlyforthemanufacturerstocontinuemakingmachines.WiththepurchaseofNeXT,muchofthecompany'stechnologyfounditswayintoAppleproducts,thecompanyincreasedsalessignificantlywiththeintroductionoftheiMacandothernewproducts;sincethen,appealingdesignsandpowerfulbrandinghaveworkedwellforApple.Beginningin1997JobsworkedcloselywithdesignerJonathanIvetodevelopalineofproductsthatwouldhavelargerculturalramifications:theiMac,iTunesandiTunesStore,AppleStore,iPod,iPhone,AppStore,andtheiPad.MacOSwasalsorevampedintomacOS,basedonNeXT'sNeXTSTEPplatform.NowThesuccessofApple'suniqueproductsandservicesprovidedseveralyearsofstablefinancialreturns,propellingAppletobecometheworld'smostvaluablepubliclytradedcompanynowadays.OnAugust24,2023,JobsannouncedhisresignationasApple'sCEO.Jobsbecam