高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE１被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)PassiveVoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，表示句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者或行為的對(duì)象。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的叫主動(dòng)句，為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的叫被動(dòng)句。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式

體時(shí)一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should/wouldbedonewas\weregoingtobedonewas\wereabouttobedonewas\weretobetodone過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：should/wouldhavebeendone2.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞練習(xí)：1)Visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.2)Allthepreparationsforthetask_______________(complete),andwe'rereadytostart.

3)Look,anewcinema_____________(build)herenow．4)I_____________(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.

5)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium______________(complete)inBeijing.

6)Ameeting___________________(hold)whenIwasthere.

7)Hundredsofjob_____________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.8)Thenews____________________(send)tothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.

9)Theproject____________________(complete)beforeJuly.

10）Hetoldmethathisnewclothes____________________(make)verysoon.11）Thebaby____________________(takecareof)bythebaby-sitter.應(yīng)該由保姆照顧

2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

二.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.主+謂+賓結(jié)構(gòu)：RowlingwroteHarryPotter.___________________________________________.Thegovernmentsupportedtheresearch._____________________________________.Noonehaseverbeatenherattennis.________________________________________.Wedidn’tnoticeanythingspecialinhiswork.__________________________________.主+謂+間賓+直賓：Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday._____________________________________________.Myuncleboughtmeanewcomputer._____________________________________________________.______________________________________________________.Ourteacherofferedusmanysuggestionstoreducepressure._____________________________________.__________________________________________.注意:加to或者forShetoldmewhentheprojectwouldstart.______________________________________.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)：Peoplecallthisteamacheer-leadingsquad._____________________________________.注意：在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let以及感官動(dòng)詞see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel,help等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。

Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.__________________________________.含有begoingtodo和betodo等結(jié)構(gòu)（be只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)）Wearegoingtodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.____________________________________________.TheyaretoshowthisnewfilmonTVnextweek._____________________________________________.表示“據(jù)說(shuō)，相信，認(rèn)為，期待”等動(dòng)詞后含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句，如；________________________________________________________。Weknowthatheisthebestdentistinthetown._______________________________________________.________________________________________________.重點(diǎn)拓展：Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō),Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。 祈使句變被動(dòng)句肯定祈使句：let+賓語(yǔ)+be+done否定祈使句：don’tlet+賓語(yǔ)+be+done；let+賓語(yǔ)+not+be+doneMovethedesksintothepassage.____________________________________________.Don’tthrowrubbisheverywhere.____________________________________________.謂語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的情況：如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。TheyhaveputoffthemeetingtillnextSaturday._________________________________.Whenwegottothecinema,ithadsoldoutallthetickets._______________________________________.雙重被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：指句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其后的不定式均為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，句子主語(yǔ)既是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受著又是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者。Theyaskedustodiscusstheproblematonce._______________________________________________.____________________________________________________________________________________.Parentsoftenasktheirchildrentodotoomuchhomework.______________________________________._____________________________________________________________________________________.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義不及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義?？捎脕?lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”“性能”的不及物動(dòng)詞：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常與well/badly/easily/smoothly搭配。

例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.

注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。

試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛病）態(tài)時(shí)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：

1．如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

例Theglassisbroken．________Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．_________Theteacherwaspleasedbyheranswer.________Theteacherwaspleasedwithheranswer._________

2．如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

例Thedoorislocked．_________

Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．_________

3．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。

例Themachineisbeingrepaired．_______Manykindsofarthavebeenlostintheworld.________被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的修飾過(guò)去分詞的副詞有區(qū)別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用greatly等詞修飾，系表結(jié)構(gòu)常用very,quite,rather,too,so,more,most等。例Iamgreatlymovedbyhiskindness.Iamveryinterestedintakingthecourseyouareoffering.練習(xí)改錯(cuò)1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight．5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbefore．6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital．7)Hisplanissoundedgood．8)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashed．2.填空1)Thepen_________(write)veryfast.2)Thiskindofsweater_______sells(sell)well.3)Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.4)Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?5)Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe__________(take)tothehospital.6)English__________(speak)inmanyisspokencounties.7)Threequartersoftheworld’sbooksarewritten(write)inEnglish.____________8)Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.9)Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?10).—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.11)Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,__________(develop)andperfectednow.12)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.

13)Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________________(decide)yet.14)Thenewsuspensionbridge________________(design)bytheendoflastmonth.15)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____________(break).

16)Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

Oh,excellent.It'sworth__________(read)asecondtime.

17）Thatsuit_______________(cost)lessthan60dollarsyesterday,butnowitspriceisincreased.

七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與高考試題賞析

1．高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查例析

1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)

A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served

解析B因?yàn)閟erve是及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)作承受者tea作主語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002)

A.killedB.iskilled

C.waskilledD.waskilling

解析CTed是kill的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且Ted救人發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

3).Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?

Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting

C.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting

解析A“house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進(jìn)新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，排除C。

4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.（上海春2003）

A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided

C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided

解析Ddecide是及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以decide要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從題干的語(yǔ)境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不定式做主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.（上海春2001）

A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked

C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked

解析B句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在enteredtheoffice這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前，所以要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

2．高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查

當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),須用被動(dòng)式。弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。

1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)

A.toseeB.tobeseen

C.seeingD.seen

解析B根據(jù)題意，那對(duì)老夫婦是否到國(guó)外旅行是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項(xiàng)；又因remains的邏輯主語(yǔ)it是動(dòng)詞see說(shuō)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，即“到國(guó)外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.（上海1996）

A.topersuadedB.persuading

C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

解析Ccan’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說(shuō)”購(gòu)物的，要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

3）.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.（上海2002）

A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblame

C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame

解析Afeel的賓語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場(chǎng)合可用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如toblame，tolet等。

【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhaveto

B．a(chǎn)renotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developed

B.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdeveloped

D.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetold

C．I'mtoldD．Itold

4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completes

C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecut

C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbroken

C.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuiltD.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.felt

C.feelsD.isfelt

12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．writeB．towrite

C．tobewrittenD．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．totypeB．typing

C．tobetypedD．typed

14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout

C.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.

A.beputupB.givein

C.beturnedonD.goout

16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.

A.belongsB.arebelongedto

C.belongstoD.belongto

17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.

A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread

18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught

C.beingcaughtD.tocatch

19.Thispageneeded___again.

A.beingcheckedB.checked

C.tocheckD.tobechecked

20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises

A.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught

C.taughtD.Teaching

key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA

11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)選擇題1.Ourhouse_____,

A.isgettingpaintB.isgettingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint

2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.

A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby

3.Thewar_____in1937

A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout

4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.

A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossby

5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.

A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto

6.It_______thisway

A.ishadtodoB.ishadtobedoneC.hadtobedoneD.hastodo

7.It__thisway.

AusedtodoB.usedtobedoneC.isusedtodoD.isusedtodoing

8._____Chaplin.

A.Thechild'snamewascalledB.Thechild'snamecalls

C.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed

9.Thesportsmeeting____.

A.isputoffB.istoputoffC.istobeputoffD.putsoff

10.Maryrealizedshe_________

A.wasmakingfunofB.wasmadefun

C.wasbeingmadefunofD.wasbeingmadefun

11.______tosayathinginthatway

A.ItisconsiderswrongB.Itisconsideredwrong

C.Itisconsideredit'swrongD.Itisconsiedringwrong

12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.

A.wouldbeprintedB.wouldprintC.beprintedD.print

13.Thestory______inChinA.

A.wastakenplaceB.washappenedC.tookplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

14.Thehouse_____myparents

A.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto

15.He_______byhisteacher.

A.happenedtoseeB.washappenedtosee

C.happenedtobeseenD.washappenedtobeseen

16.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings.

A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup

C.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

D.weretakenplace,weresetup

17.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.

A.furnished,finishedB.beenfinished,beenfurnished

C.beingfinished,beingfurnishedD.setup,full

18.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____fromhere?

A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee

19.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.

A.hadalreadytakenoffB.alreadytookoff

C.wasalreadytakingoffD.wasalreadytakenoff

20.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.

A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuilding

C.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow

21.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；have

C.donotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；haveto

22.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

23.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold

24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

25.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfrom

theearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

26.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned

27.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

28.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetaken