(WORD)-英美文化鑒賞復(fù)習(xí)

英美文化鑒賞復(fù)習(xí)

Lecture1ABriefIntroductiontoU.K.andU.S.A

1.TheOfficialName

U.K.:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

U.S.A.:theUnitedStatesofAmerica

2.TheNickname

U.K.:JohnBull→agentlemanfromupperclass,shortandfat,impatient,buthonestandpassionate

Johnbullism:EnglishCharacter英國(guó)精神,英國(guó)習(xí)氣,或英國(guó)的典型性格Johnbullist:EnglishFans英國(guó)迷

U.S.A.:UncleSam→UncleSam:acowboy,tallandthin,patriotic,sincere,open-minded,free,democratic

3.TheNationalFlag

U.K.:theUnionFlag,theUnionJack

U.S.A.:Star-SpangledBanner

50stars---50states

13stripes---13originalcolonies

Red---HardinessandValor

White---PurityandInnocence

Blue---Vigilance,PerseveranceandJustice

4.TheNationalAnthem

U.K.:GodSavetheQueen

U.S.A.:Star-SpangledBanner

5.TheNationalBird

U.K.:redchestpigeon

U.S.A.:baldeagle

6.Landandpeople

U.K.

zTheearliestknowninhabitantsofGreatBritainisCelts(凱爾特人)

zInaddition,Britainalsohasaconsiderablenumberofimmigrantsfrom

AfricaandAsia.MostofthemarefromformercoloniesoftheBritishEmpire,suchasIndia,Pakistan,Bangladesh,theCaribbeanIslands,andcountriesinAfrica.

U.S.A

zanimmigrantcountry

zmorethan100ethnicgroups

zwhitemajority,75%,descendantsofEuropeanimmigrants

zdescendantsofEnglishsettlers,45%,mostofthewealthandpolitical

powerofthenation

zimmigrantsandtheirdescendantsfromGermany,France,Ireland,Italy,

SpainandotherEasternEuropeancountries

zOtherethnicgroupsincludingNativeAmericans,AfricanAmericans,

Hispanics,andAsianAmericans,makeuptherestofthepopulation.

7.Politics

TheformofgovernmentinU.S.isbasedonthreemainprinciples,federalism,theseparationofpowersandrespectfortheConstitution,andtheruleoflaw.AmericanFederalGovernment:SeparationofPowers

ExecutiveBranch(President)

LegislativeBranch(Congress)

JudicialBranch(SupremeCourt)

U.K.:ConstitutionalMonachy

LectureTwoAContrastiveStudyofChineseandEnglish

只贏得：幾杵疏鐘，半江漁火，兩行秋雁，一枕清霜。

Thereleftbehindarebronzebellsheardoccasionallyandfishingboatswithflickeringlampsseeninthemiddleofthelake,wildgeeseleavinginahurryintwofilesinautumn,andonlyfrostedsnowallovertheterrainsinwinter.

Whatremainsisonlysparsebellsringingincoldhills,fishermen’slanternlightsbyriverside,tworowsofwildgeeseflyinginautumnskyandadrearydreamofhoarywinterfrost.

知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆；不知彼而知己，一勝一負(fù)；不知彼不知己，每戰(zhàn)必殆。Youcanfightahundredbattleswithoutdefeatifyouknowtheenemyaswellasyourself.Youwillwinonebattleandloseanotherifyouknowyourselfbutleaveyourselfinthedarkabouttheenemy.Youwillloseeverybattleifyouleaveboththeenemyandyourselfinthedark.

zFromStructure

1.英語(yǔ)有形態(tài)變化,漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格意義的形態(tài)變化.

English:gender,number,case,tense,voice,mood,degreeofcomparison,personandpartsofspeech.

漢語(yǔ):數(shù)量助詞,動(dòng)態(tài)助詞,結(jié)構(gòu)助詞

Heisaprofessional.Heisalooseman.Heservedasacallboywhenhewas19.Sheisaprofessional.Sheisaloosewoman.Sheservedasacallgirlwhenshewas19.

2.英語(yǔ)經(jīng)常使用定冠詞和不定冠詞

outofquestiontakeachairIhavelivedhereformorethanayear.outofthequestiontakethechairIhavelivedhereforemorethanoneyear.

2.漢語(yǔ)有豐富多彩的助詞.

吧

今天不會(huì)下雨吧?Itisn’tgoingtoraintoday,isit?

你好好想想吧!Justthinkitover.

明天就明天吧.Allright,let’smakeittomorrow.

咱們走吧.Let’sgo.

打吧,打不下去;跑吧,跑不了,敵人只好投降.

Unabletofightonortoescape,theenemywereforcedtosurrender.

3.英語(yǔ)常用介詞,漢語(yǔ)則少用介詞.

Whatisheat?他正在干什么?

JohnvotedwiththeTories.John投票支持保守黨.

Heisamanabovevulgarinterests.他是一個(gè)脫離了低級(jí)趣味的人

Itlooksasifweareinforastorm.看來(lái)我們免不了要碰上一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨了.

Ifamancouldn’twalkintoaroomandtellwhowasforhimandwhowasagainst

him,thenhewasn’tmuchofapolitician。要是一個(gè)人不能一上任就看出誰(shuí)支持他,誰(shuí)反對(duì)他,那他就不配搞政治

zFromIntonation

1.英語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)言,語(yǔ)音表意手段主要是語(yǔ)調(diào)和重音.

YousaidhewouldCOME.

YOUsaidhewouldcome.

YousaidHEwouldcome.

YouSAIDhewouldcome.

YouSAIDhewouldCOME

2.漢語(yǔ)是聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言,語(yǔ)音表意手段主要是聲調(diào).

我的衣服／我的姨夫

我愛(ài)馬／我挨罵

我叫他去。

I’llaskhimtogo.

I’llgoandcallhim.

我想起來(lái)了。

I’llgetup.

I’vethoughtitout..

3.漢語(yǔ)注重音節(jié)均勻，成雙成對(duì):對(duì)偶,排比,反復(fù),疊音

Shehadsuchakindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generousheartofherown.Anewkindofaircraft–small,cheap,pilotless–isattractingincreasing

attention.

Theonlookerseesmostofthegame.

重重疊疊山，曲曲彎彎路，叮叮咚咚泉，高高下下樹(shù)

Escalatingmountains,meanderingpaths,tinklingspringsandinterspersingtrees.

Itwasadayasfreshasgrassgrowingupandcloudsgoingoverand

butterfliescomingdown.Itwasadaycompoundedfromsilencesofbeeandflowerandoceanandland,whichwerenotsilencesatall,butmotions,stirs,flutters,risings,fallings,eachinitsowntimeandmatchlessrhythm.綠草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，這日子是如此的清新。春花不語(yǔ)，海波聲歇，大地音寂，這日子是如此的安靜。然而并非安靜，因?yàn)槿f(wàn)物以其特有的節(jié)奏，或動(dòng)，或搖，或震，或起，或伏。

In-classexercises

Wewillnotattackunlessweareattacked.人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。Asyousow,sowillyoureap.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆Heissmartasarule,butthistimeafool.聰明一世，糊涂一時(shí)Onceacertainlimitisreached,achangeintheoppositedirectionisinevitable.物極必

反

Birdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether物以類聚，人以群分

遠(yuǎn)在天邊，近在眼前。Righthere.

一言既出，駟馬難追。Whatissaidcannotbeunsaid耳聽(tīng)為虛，眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Seeingisbelieving差之毫厘，謬之千里。Amissisasgoodasamile.佛要金裝，人要衣裝。Finefeathersmakefinebirds.

zFromMeaning1).漢語(yǔ)是意合,以神統(tǒng)形,注重邏輯,隱形連貫.

人不犯我,我不犯人。Wewillnotattackunlessweareattacked

人到事中迷,就怕沒(méi)人提.Whenamanislostinalabyrinth,whatheneedsbadlyisahint.實(shí)為五十步笑百步是也.Thereisnodifferencebutdifferenceofdegreesbetweendifferentdegreesofdifferenceandnodifference.

2.英語(yǔ)是形合語(yǔ)言,必須使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞,以形式連接詞語(yǔ)句

去了也白去。

Evenifyougothereitwouldn’tdoanygood.

無(wú)事不登三寶殿。

Iwouldn’tcometoyouifIhadn’tsomethingtoaskofyou.

喝水不忘掘井人

Whenyoudrinkwater,thinkofthosewhodugthewell.

他一家子在這兒,他的房子、地在這兒，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了廟！

Escape?Buthishomeandpropertycan’tescape.‘Themonkmayrunaway,butthetemplecan’trunwithhim!’”

英語(yǔ):重理性、重分析、重個(gè)體、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)

漢語(yǔ):重感性、重悟性、重整體、含蓄

門吱呀一聲開(kāi)了,進(jìn)來(lái)一個(gè)人.

Thedoorsqueaksopenandincomesaperson.

人生來(lái)平等。

Allmenarecreatedequal.

做人難，做女人難，做名女人更難。

Itisdifficultforeveryonetoliveinthisworld,esp.afamouswoman.

請(qǐng)你畫(huà)一個(gè)大樹(shù)，樹(shù)根、樹(shù)干、樹(shù)枝、樹(shù)丫、樹(shù)葉都必須畫(huà)全。

Pleasedrawacompletetree,rootsandall.(withitsroots,trunks,branches,twigs,leaves…)whenthoseabovebehaveunworthily,thosebelowwilldothesame.上梁不正下梁歪。Untilallisover,ambitionneverdies.不到黃河心不死。

In-classexercise

Translationskill:

1.英譯漢往往要破句重組。

2.英語(yǔ)用指物主語(yǔ)的句子，漢譯改用指人主語(yǔ)。

3.漢譯要用實(shí)詞代替英語(yǔ)原句中的虛詞（介詞等）

Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolors.門口放著至少十二

把傘，它們顏色各異，大小不一

CanyouansweraquestionwhichIwanttoaskandwhichispuzzlingme?我想問(wèn)你一

個(gè)問(wèn)題，這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直困擾著我，你能回答嗎？

Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone.當(dāng)她獨(dú)自一人的時(shí)候，她感到一種

莫名的平靜。

Fearsbegantotakeentirepossessionofhim.他驚恐萬(wàn)分。

一看到那棵樹(shù)，我便想起了童年的情景。Atthesightthetree,Ithinkofmy

childhood.

1840年至1880這四十年中，近一千萬(wàn)移民移居美國(guó)。Thesefortyyearsfrom1840to

1880broughtnearly10millionimmigrantstoAmerica.

Pun雙關(guān)語(yǔ):Theuseofawordinsuchawayastosuggesttwoormoremeaningsordifferentassociations,ortheuseoftwoormorewordsofthesameornearlythesamesoundwithdifferentmeanings,soastoproduceahumorouseffect.

OnSunday,theyprayforyouandonMondaytheypreyonyou.

Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhis

country.

Wemustallhangtogether,orassuredlyweshallallhangseparately.

(BenjaminFranklin)

Anagrams變位詞

east–seatwest–stewsouth–shoutnorth–thorn

Palindrome回文:awordorphrasethatreadsthesamebackwardasforward

aToyotaracecarPutupifIputup!

AblewasIereIsawElba.

MadaminEden,I’mAdam.

NoXinNixon.

Anticlimax反高潮，突降法

Thedutiesofasoldieraretoprotecthiscountryandpeelpotatoes.

"Yourfuturedependsonyourdreams."Sogotosleep.

Thewisenevermarry,andwhentheymarrytheybecomeotherwise.Lovetheneighbor.Butdon’tgetcaught.

Oneshouldloveanimals.Theyaresotasty.

Behindeverysuccessfulman,thereisawoman.Andbehindevery

unsuccessfulman,therearetwo.

Successisarelativeterm.Itbringssomanyrelatives.

Alliteration頭韻

ResidentsReturntoRubbleinKansas.(MSNBCNews,April26,2001)

In-classexercise:

雪花飄飄，雪雨霏

霏，雪路泥濘

Thestrengthofwomencomesfromthefactthatpsychologycannotexplain憐惜

Pennywisebutpoundfoolish

Changeispartoflifeandthemakingofcharacter,hon.Whenthings痛苦不堪，痛快達(dá)觀

TheGettysburgAddress

AbrahamLincoln

19November1863

Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.

Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfitandproperthatweshoulddothis.

But,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate-wecannotconsecrate-wecannothallowthisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember,whatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus-thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion-thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain-thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom-andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromthisearth.

Lecture3GreekandMythology

zItreferstoasetofdiversetalestoldbytheancientGreeksabouttheexploits

ofgodsandheroesandtheirrelationswithordinarymortals.

zWhereisitfrom?

oral-poeticforms

primarilyfromGreekliterature

Homer’sepics:IliadandOdyssey

Hesiod,TheogonyandWorksandDays

zHowdiditcomeintobeing?

7-5centuriesBC.

8cBC,GreekscolonizedItaly

3cBC,RomansconqueredGreece

1cBC,convergedtothepointofnearidentity

Contents

Thebeginningoftheworld

Uranus(Heaven)andGaea(Earth)

Theirchildren---theoriginalTitans,agroupofmightybeingswhorulestheworld.CronusbecameleaderoftheTitans.Scaredofbeingoverthrown,Cronus,atehischildren.RheapretendedtogiveCronusachildtoeat,butitwasreallyastone.ShetookZeusawayandraisedhimsecretly.ZeusgrewtobeamatureTitan.HechallengedCronus,won,andfreedhissiblingsfromCronus’belly.

ZeusandhissiblingsbecamethemightyOlympians.

TheOlympians

Zues

thegodoftheheavenandruleroftheOlympiangods

lordofthesky,theraingodandthecloudgatherer

Hisweaponisathunderbolt

Hisbirdwastheeagle,histreetheoak.

Hera

QueenofHeaven

thesupremegoddess,goddessofmarriageandchildbirth

Hersacredanimalsarethecowandthepeacock.

Thecrowandthepomegranatearealsodedicatedtoher.

Apollo

thesonofZeusandLeto

thegodofarchery

thegodoflightandsun

thegodofmusicandpoetry

thegodoftruthandprophesy（預(yù)言）

Histreewasthelaurel.Thecrowhisbird.Thedolphinhisanimal.

Athena

Thegoddessofintelligentactivity,artsandwar

ThedaughterofZeus

Thegoddessofthecity,handicrafts,andagriculture.

Theembodimentofwisdom,reason,andpurity

Hertreeistheolive.Theowlisherbird.

Artemis

thegoddessofthehunt,animals,childbirthandmoon

Aphrodite

Thegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty

Theprotectressofsailors

Themyrtle（香桃木）ishertree.Thedove,theswan,andthesparrowherbirds.Herfavoriteloveristhegodofwar,Ares.

天神

天后宙斯朱庇特赫拉朱諾

智慧與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)女神雅典娜密涅瓦

太陽(yáng)神阿波羅阿波羅

月亮女神阿爾特彌斯黛安娜

戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯瑪爾斯

鍛冶神，工匠神赫淮斯托斯伏爾甘

愛(ài)神，美神阿芙洛迪特維納斯

信使，商業(yè)之神赫爾墨斯默丘利

海神波賽冬尼普頓

農(nóng)耕女神得墨忒爾賽萊斯

酒神迪俄尼索斯巴卡斯

家灶，火焰女神赫斯提亞維斯塔

OtherGodsandGoddessestoKnow

Prometheus

ATitanknownforhiswilyintelligence.HestolethesacredfirefromZeusandthegodsandreturnedittoEarth.Inpunishment,ZeuscommandedthatPrometheusbechainedforeternityintheCaucasus.There,aneaglewouldeathisliver,andeachdaytheliverwouldberenewed.Sothepunishmentwasendless,untilHeraclesfinallykilledthebird.

Eros

Sirens

Sirenswereevilcreatureswholivedonarockyisland,singinginbeautifulvoicesinanefforttoluresailorstoshipwreckanddeath.

Muses

thegoddessesofinspiration,learning,thearts,andculture.

EightPlanetsintheSolarSystem

Earth

水星Mercury

金星Venus

火星Mars

木星Jupiter

土星Saturn

天王星Uranus

海王星Neptune

MilkyWay

HeracleswasthesonofZeuswhoandthemortalwomanAlcmene.ZeusdecidedtolettheinfantHeraclessuckleonhisdivinewifeHera'smilkwhenshewasasleep,anactwhichwouldendowthebabywithgodlikequalities.WhenHerawokeupandrealizedthatshewasbreastfeedinganunknowninfant,shepushedhimawayandthespurtingmilkbecametheMilkyWay.

Idiomsfromthemyths

Appleofdiscord

Inclassicalmythology,anapplethrownintoabanquetofthegodsandgoddessesbythegoddessDiscord,whohadnotbeeninvited.Theapplehad"FortheFairest"writtenonit.Whenthreegoddessesclaimedit,thechoiceamongthemwasreferredtothehandsomeParis,princeofTroy.ParischoseAphroditeoverHeraandAthena.Thelattertwohadhopedtobribehimwithpowerandvictoryinbattle,butAphroditeofferedtheloveofthemostbeautifulwomanintheworld.ThiswasHelenofSparta,whobecameinfamousasHelenofTroywhenParissubsequentlyelopedwithher.IntheensuingTrojanWar,HeraandAthenawereimplacableenemiesofTroywhileAphroditewasloyaltoParisandtheTrojans.

Greekgifts

TheGreeksusedalarge,hollowhorsemadeofwoodtowintheTrojanWar.TheGreekshidsoldiersinsideit,leftitoutsidethegatesofTroy,andsetsail,apparentlyforGreece.TheTrojanstookthebait.ThatnighttheGreekarmyreturnedtoTroy.Themeninsidethehorseemergedandopenedthecitygatesfortheircompanions.

Pandora’sbox(jar)

AfterPrometheus'theftofthesecretoffire,ZeusorderedHephaestustocreatethewomanPandoraaspartofthepunishmentformankind.PandorawasgivenmanyseductivegiftsfromotherGods.Forfearofadditionalreprisals,PrometheuswarnedhisbrotherEpimetheusnottoacceptanygiftsfromZeus,butEpimetheusdidnotlisten,andmarriedPandora.PandorahadbeengivenalargejarandinstructedbyZeustokeepitclosed,butshehadalsobeengiventhegiftofcuriosity,andultimatelyopenedit.Whensheopenedit,alloftheevils,ills,diseases,andburdensomelaborthatmankindhadnotknownpreviously,escapedfromthejar,althoughPandorawasquickenoughtocloseitagainandkeeponevalueinside:hope.

HeelofAchilles

AchilleswasthegreatestwarriorontheGreeksideintheTrojanWar.Whenhewasaninfant,hismothertriedtomakehimimmortalbybathinghiminamagicalriver,buttheheelbywhichsheheldhimremainedvulnerable.Eventuallyhewaswoundedintheheelbyanarrowanddiedshortlythereafter.

Narcissus

Narcissuswasabeautifulyouthinclassicalmythologywhofellinlovewithhisownreflectioninapool.Becausehewasunabletotearhimselffromtheimage,hewastedawayanddied.

Penelope’sweb

Penelopewaited20yearsforherhusband,Odysseus,toreturnfromtheTrojanWar.Duringhisabsence,shefendedoffsuitorsbypromisingtochooseonewhenshefinishedweavingashroudforherfather-in-law.Butateverynightsheunraveledwhatshehadwovenduringtheday.

Sphinx’sriddle

InGreekmythologytheSphinxwasamonsterwiththefaceandbreastsofawoman,thebodyofalion,andwings.SphinxwaylaidtravelersontheroadsnearthecityofThebes,andwouldkillanyofthemwhocouldnotanswertheriddle:“Whichcreatureinthemorninggoesonfourlegs,atmid-dayontwo,andintheeveninguponthree,andthemorelegsithas,theweakeritbe?”WhenOedipusgavethecorrectanswer,theSphinxhurledherselfovertheclifftoherdeathintheseabelow.

Midas’hand/touch

KingMidaswasgrantedonewishbythegodDionysus.Greedyforriches,Midaswishedthateverythinghetouchedwouldturntogold.Hesoonregrettedhisrequest.Whenhetriedtoeat,hisfoodbecameinediblemetal.Whenheembracedhisdaughter,sheturnedintoagoldenstatue.OntheinstructionofDionysus,hewashedinariverandlosthistouchofgold.

In-classexercises

1.Hethrewus_________________,wesoonquarreledagain.

2.Itisunfairthathistoriansalwaysattributethefallofkingdomsto___________.

3.Theshortageoffortitudeishis____________.

4.Thisquestionisaspuzzlingas____________..

5.Heisalwaysbuyingyouexpensiveclothes,I'mafraidtheyare__________foryou.

6.Thesuperpowersarealwayssendingthe___________tomanycountriesintheworld

7.Mr.Jonesmadealongspeechatthemeeting.Everyoneelsethoughtit_____________.

8.Mostpeoplespeakofhimasareal________.

9.JohnLawrencehasthe___________.Everyenterprisehetakespartinishighlyprofitable.

10.Reformis_____________;openingupthesystemcanleadtoalossofeconomicandpoliticalcontrol.

PartIIZodiac

Aquarius水瓶座Jan.21-Feb.19

Pisces雙魚(yú)座Feb.20-March20

Aries白羊座March21-April20

Taurus金牛座April21-May22

Gemini雙子座May23-June21

Cancer巨蟹座June22-July22

Leo獅子座July23-Aug.22

Virgo處女座Aug.23-Sept.22

Libra天平座Sept.23-Oct.22

Scorpio天蝎座Oct.23-Nov.21

Sagittarius人馬座Nov.22-Dec.22

Capricorn摩羯座Dec.23-Jan.20

Lecture4Bible

zagoodSamaritan:akind-heartedperson

好心的撒瑪利亞人”這個(gè)典故來(lái)自《圣經(jīng)?路加福音10》（LUKE10）“好心的撒瑪利亞

ABriefIntroduction

When?

TheentireBiblewaswrittenoveraperiodof1,500yearsfromabout1450B.C.to100

A.D.

Who?

Itsauthorsincludemorethan25menfromavarietyofbackgroundsincludingprophets,priests,fishermen,kings,taxcollectors,anddoctors.

What?

TheentireBiblewaswrittenoveraperiodof1,500yearsfromabout1450B.C.to100

A.D.

TheBibleitselfcontainsatotalof66booksandisdividedintotwoparts,_____________________________and_____________________________.

Testament:“agreement”or“contract“即”約,約定”,是神與他所愛(ài)的子民所訂立的約;圣約

TheOldTestamentwaswrittenbeforeJesusChrist’sbirth,whiletheNewTestamentwaswrittenafterJesusChrist’sbirth.

DifferentVersions

1.TheKingJamesVersion(KJV)，1611

詹姆斯國(guó)王欽定版。英語(yǔ)《圣經(jīng)》第一個(gè)通行版本，具有里程碑式的意義，已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)文學(xué)的一部分。

2.RevisedVersion，1881

KJV的一個(gè)修訂版，使其能夠符合當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

3.AmericanStandardVersion(ASV),1901

這是針對(duì)RevisedVersion的一個(gè)再修訂版，目標(biāo)是使其符合美國(guó)使用的需要。

4.BibleInBasicEnglish(BBE)，1941

目標(biāo)是用最簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)翻譯《圣經(jīng)》，使用的單詞在1000個(gè)常用詞之內(nèi)。

5.NewAmericanStandardBible(NASB)，1971

這個(gè)版本被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)翻譯得最有文學(xué)性的《圣經(jīng)》版本。它至今仍在更新，最新版是1995年出版。

6.NewKingJamesVersion(NKJV)，1979

用當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)對(duì)KJV的一個(gè)修訂。

Howimportant?

"thegreatestbookeverwritten."

Eventhoughitwaswrittenmorethan2,000yearsago,theBiblecontinuestoinfluencepeopletoday.

ManybasicconceptsandprinciplesofWesternculturehavecomedownfromtheBible.ManycommonEnglishphrasesandexpressionshavetheiroriginintheBibleaswell.Sofar,theBiblehasbeentranslatedinto2,018languagesandeveryyearmorecopiesoftheBiblearesoldthananyothersinglebook.

zGenesis(創(chuàng)世紀(jì))

DayOne:NightandDay

Daytwo:SkyandSea

DayThree:Trees

DayFour:SunandMoon

DayFive:FishandBirds

DaySix:ManandAnimals

DaySeven:Rest

zTenCommandments(十戒)Alistofreligiousandmoralimperativesthat

werewrittenbyGodandthroughMoses,giventothepeopleofIsrael,andwhichwasdestinedtoshapethemoralsofthesocietyoftheworld.

1.DonotworshipotherGods.

2.Donotmakeidols.

3.DonottakeGod’snameinvain.

4.Keeponedayaweekforrest&worship.

Sabbathday安息日，圣日，主日

WhichdayistheSabbathday?

Sabbath:InHebrew,Sabbathmeans“havearest;stopworking”.Judaismregardsitastheendofaweek.

Sunday:ItwasonSundaythatJesusChrist’sResurrectionhappened.Therefore,Sundaymeans“thebeginningofaweek”.

Inmoderntime,CatholicismtransferredtheSabbathdaytoSundayinhonorofChristophany.

5.Honouryourparents.

6.Donotmurder.

7.Donotcommitadultery.

8.Donotsteal.

9.Donottelllies.

10.Donotenvywhatotherpeoplehave.

一.不可有別的神

二.不可雕刻偶像

三.不可妄稱耶和華的名

四.當(dāng)記念安息日，守為圣日

五.當(dāng)孝敬父母

六.不可殺人

七.不可奸淫

八.不可偷盜

九.不可作假見(jiàn)證陷害人

十.不可貪戀人的房屋，也不可貪戀人的妻子、仆婢、牛驢，并他一切所有的

zTermsandIdioms

Adam’sApplecanbemoreclearlyseenonmenthanwomen'sthroats.

Mrs.Smithisafriendofmine,butIdon’tknowherhusbandfromAdam.

ThisplaceisthoughttheGardenofEdenbyyoungpeople.

TheythinkMike'splanisthetowerofBabel.

Hishometownisconsideredtobeaniceplace,alandflowingwithmilkandhoney.

“Keepmeastheappleoftheeye."

Everyonehashisowncrosstobearinthislife.

1.HeisasoldasMethuselah.

Heislongevous/longevial.

2.Mikeistheidealpersontobeinchargeofcustomercomplaints.Hehasthepatience

ofJob.

Heisverypatient.

3.Thelittlewellisawidow'scruse,whichneverdries,eveninthesevereseasonof

drought.

“widow‘scruse”(寡婦的壇子)用來(lái)表示取之不竭的聚寶盆。

4.Thedoctorhadtoldgrandfathermanytimesthatheneededanoperation,butbeinga

doubtingThomas,herefusedtillitwastoolate.

Grandfatherisdoubting.

5.Youwillbethoughtaphilistineifyoudon'tstudythoseknowledges.

Youwillberegardedasalayman/mediocrityifyoudon’tstudytheknowledges.

IdiomsfromtheBible

1.castpearlsbeforeswine

talkoverpeople'sheads明珠暗投,對(duì)牛彈琴

2.heapcoalsoffireonsomebody'shead

toreturnofgoodforevil;repayinjurywithkindness以德報(bào)怨

3.Alittlebirdtoldme.

有人私下告訴我了

4.castthefirststone

taketheinitiativetofindfaultwithsb.首先攻擊,首先指責(zé)

5.Aleopard(豹)can'tchangeitsspots.

江山易改，本性難移。

6.olivebranch

橄欖枝,和平

7.Judaskiss

withmurderousintentbehindone'ssmiles，tobetray偽善、不安好心、笑里藏刀、叛

賣的行為，叛賣的暗號(hào),口蜜腹劍的可恥伎倆

8.ivorytower

animaginary,idealworld象牙塔,世外桃源、隱居之地

9.flyintheointment

aflawinanotherwiseperfectthing美中不足

10.hidehislightunderabushel

Awiseheadmakesaclosemouth.鋒芒不外露,真人不露相

11.eyeforeye

以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以其人之道還治其人之身

12.lionintheway

攔路虎,指一般人作事前怕狼后畏虎，裹足不前，在想象中常把困難夸大了。

13.aftermyheart

welllikedbecauseofagreeingwithyourownfeelings,interestsandideaswelllikedbecauseofagreeingwithyourownfeelings,interestsandideas意趣相投；兩情相悅；正中下懷

14.thesaltoftheearth

mostvaluablemembersofsociety;thefinesttypeofhumanity;apersonoragroupofpeoplehavingthebestcharacter世上的鹽,社會(huì)中堅(jiān)

15.bytheskinofourteeth

narrowescape一線生機(jī)，幸免于難,千鈞一發(fā),九死一生

17.stillsmallvoice

conscience,良心的呼聲

18.washmyhands

havecleanhands,beinnocent表示正直，清廉；清白無(wú)辜,洗手不干

In-classExercises

Trytofinishtheexercises:

1.Weenjoyedourholidaybythesea,buttherewasone_____;acircussetuponthebeach.

2.Thenewclerkwasaclevermathematicianbutwascontentto______.

3.Thedeathpenaltyformurderworksontheprincipleof_______.

4.Oncehismindacceptedthefalsefactthattherewas______,hewoulddoeverythingbadly.

5.“Ienjoyedaglassofbeerintheevening”“Youareaman_____.Let’sgoandhaveonenow.”

6.Itmaywellbedoubtedwhethersomeofthebodiesthatexistforthepurposeofimprovingsocietyareactually_______.

7.Wedrovetothestationatfullspeedandcaughtthetrain______.

8.Towardstheendofthemeetingpeoplebecameveryangryandthe_____ofreasonwascompletelylostinthegeneralexcitement.

9.“Well,”saidtheMaster,“Ifyouwon’tlistentowhatIsay,Imust_____ofyouandyourexaminationchances.”

Lecture5ABriefIntroductiontoShakespeare

Alltheworld'sastage,

AndallthemenandwomenmerelyplayersTheyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrancesAndonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts

……

1.KnowledgeQuiz

1.WhatnationalitywasShakespeare?English

2.InwhichtownwasShakespeareborn?Stratford

3.WhenwasShakespeareborn?1564

4.Whendidhedie?1616

5.ShakespearelivedduringthereignofwhichEnglishmonarchs?QueenElizabethIandKingJamesI

6.WhichofthesewasnotShakespeare’splays?ShakespeareinLove

7.WhatisShakespearemostfamousfor?Writingplays

8.WhichofthefollowingplaysbyShakespeareisNOTacomedy?RomeoandJuliet

9.WhichofthefollowingplaysdoesnotbelongtoShakespeare'sgreattragedies?RomeoandJuliet

10.Thesentence"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?"isthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare's________.sonnets（十四行詩(shī)）

11.HowmanyplaysdidShakespearewrote?Over30

2.WilliamShakespeare’slife

Bornin1564inStratford-Upon-Avonatage18marriedAnneHathawaythreechildren,twodaughtersandasonmovedtoLondoninthelatefifteeneighties.

Besidesawriter,Shakespearewasalsoatheaterproducer,apartownerofanactingcompanycalledtheKing'sMenandanactor.Infifteenninety-nineShakespeare'scompanybuiltitsowntheatercalledTheGlobe.Shakespeare'stheatergroupalsoperformedinotherplacessuchasBlackfriarsTheater,ortravelaroundthecountrysidetoperform,sometimesperformedatthepalaceoftheEnglishrulerQueenElizabethor,later,KingJamestheFirst.3.WilliamShakespeare’sworks

Tragedies

zMacbeth麥克白

KingLear李爾王

Hamlet哈姆雷特

Othello奧瑟羅

RomeoandJuliet

TitusAndronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯

JuliusCaesar裘力斯·凱撒

AntonyandCleopatra安東尼與克莉奧佩屈拉

Coriolanus科利奧蘭納斯

TroilusandCressida特洛埃圍城記

TimonofAthens雅典的泰門

Comedies

TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill第十二夜

TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人

AsYouLikeIt皆大歡喜

AMidsummerNight‘sDream仲夏夜之夢(mèng)

MuchAdoAboutNothing無(wú)事生非

MeasureforMeasure一報(bào)還一報(bào)

TheTempest暴風(fēng)雨

TamingoftheShrew馴悍記

TheComedyofErrors錯(cuò)中錯(cuò)

All‘sWe