12月英語四級(jí)閱讀習(xí)題電子產(chǎn)品的可循環(huán)利用

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題南極洲科研考察

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasa

distant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybe

spottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationis

glaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuing

sevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthofthe

WestAntarcticIceSheetaconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,divide

thecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"

ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick.

"West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalso

coveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsea

level.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinent

wouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,

othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleice

orsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.Slashedthroughthemountainsofsouthern

VictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feet

fromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualty

oftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnow

thatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroarsdownfromthe

polarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsand

dunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hour

winds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymay

carryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelieve

thatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenter

them.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

[B]Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation.

[C]Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

[D]Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

2.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

[A]Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

[B]Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

[D]ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

3.WhyaretheDryValleysleftbare?

[A]Viciouswindblaststhesnowaway.

[B]Itrarelysnows.

[C]Becauseoftheglobalwarmingtrendandfiercewind.

[D]Sanddunes.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

[A]The"DryValleys"havenothingleftinside.

[B]The"DryValleys"neverheldglaciers.

[C]The"DryValleys"maycarryamessageofhopefortheverdant.

[D]The"DryValleys"areuselesstoscientists.

答案詳解

l.A南極洲和環(huán)境問題。B.南極洲：地球最早的報(bào)警戰(zhàn)。C.南極洲：獨(dú)一無

二的觀察哨。D.南極洲：神秘的地方。三項(xiàng)都是總內(nèi)容眾的組成部分。

2.D大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段”橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達(dá)一萬四千

多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個(gè)地區(qū)。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩

英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原;山脈以西，即美洲以南的半個(gè)大陸也為冰層所覆蓋?？?/p>

是，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸

西部將成為稀疏的島群?！ˋ.大陸西部將小時(shí)。B.大陸西部縮小。D.大陸西部

將成為分散的島嶼。

3.C因?yàn)榈厍蜃兣涂耧L(fēng)勁吹。在第四段："……這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節(jié)也

很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海

的深度為9000英尺的冰河?，F(xiàn)在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地

球變暖的結(jié)果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風(fēng)吹散了。

留下來的是裸露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時(shí)速一百英里的大風(fēng)雕刻成

奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象。"A.邪惡的狂風(fēng)吹走了雪。B.它

很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項(xiàng)只是干谷現(xiàn)象的一部分。

4.C他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句

"盡管干谷具有神秘的一面，科學(xué)家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了

希望的信息?！ˋ.干谷內(nèi)什么都沒有留下。B.干谷內(nèi)從沒有冰河。D.按照科學(xué)家

的看法，干谷毫無用處。

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題何時(shí)老爸手機(jī)成了兒童玩具了

Yesterday,mytoddlerbrokeanothertoy.Butthiswasn'taninexpensive,plastic

doo-dad.Itwasmyhusband'siPhone.

Likemanyparentsthesedays,myhusbandandIsometimesbandoverour

smartphonestooursontosoothehimorkeephimentertained.It'spartlylazinesson

ourparty—noothertoy,itseems,cancaptivatehimliketheiPhoneorBlackBerry.

He'sfascinatedbythebuttonsandtouchscreen,thesoundsandlights.Heholditup

tohisearandpretendshe'smakinganimportantbusinesscall(orarranginga

playdatewithhisbestfriend.)Hesomehowevenmanagedtoreprogrammy

BlackBerrytoautotypeintheCatalanlanguage.

WhenwetakeawaytheBlackBerryoriPhonehewails;nootherplaythingeven

aprettyrealistictoycellphonesatisfieshimasmuch.(Themarketingcopyforthetoy

phonesays"Thisauthenticlookingplayphonewillsurelydistractyourchildfrom

gettingaholdofyourcellphone!"Ha!Iwish.)

Invariably,mysonsticksthephoneinhismouthanditendsupslobberyand

pockedwithbitemarks.Orwhenbeeventuallytiresofthephone,he'lltossitaside,

whichishowmyhusband'siPhonemetitsrecentdoom.

We'renotaloneinusingourcellphonesashigh-techrattles.TheAPrecentlyran

astoryonhowmoreparentsaredownloadingkid-friendlyapps,suchaswhitenoise

andrattlesoundsandeasyvideogames,totheircellphones.Andaccordingtoa

recentNPRreport,oneparenttoencouragehis11-month-oldbabytocrawl,waves

hisBlackberrysothebabywillcrawltowardthegadget.

昨天，我家寶寶又弄壞了一個(gè)玩具。但這可不是便宜的塑料小玩意兒。那是

我丈夫的iPhone手機(jī)。

跟當(dāng)前的許多父母一樣，我們兩口子有時(shí)會(huì)把自己的智能手機(jī)給兒子玩，以

此來哄他或者逗他。在我們來說這樣做一部分是因?yàn)閼幸灰凰坪鯖]有別的玩具能

像iPhone或黑莓一樣讓他著迷。他被手機(jī)上的按鍵、觸摸屏和聲光深深吸引。

他將手機(jī)舉在耳邊，假裝在打一個(gè)重要的商業(yè)電話（或是跟好朋友約好一起去玩）。

他甚至還不知怎么將我的黑莓手機(jī)調(diào)成了加泰羅尼亞語的輸入模式。

要是我們拿走黑莓或者iPhone,他就會(huì)大哭;別的任何玩具都沒法像手機(jī)一

樣滿足他，即便是相當(dāng)逼真的玩具手機(jī)也不例外。（這個(gè)玩具手機(jī)的宣傳頁上寫著

"這部看上去跟真的一模一樣的玩具手機(jī)肯定能轉(zhuǎn)移孩子的注意力，讓他們不再

染指你的手機(jī)!〃哈!但愿如此。）

我們常常將于機(jī)藏起來，不想讓他給弄壞了或是對(duì)手機(jī)太過依賴，但只要他

聽到鈴聲或信息提示音，他總能找到。（但有些父母需要將手機(jī)放在手邊以備隨時(shí)

待命或公司有事，在這樣的情況下很難藏起手機(jī)。）而當(dāng)我們接電話或是查看信息

時(shí)，小家伙只會(huì)更想拿到手機(jī)，因?yàn)槲覀兪掷锊还苣弥裁此枷胍?/p>

我兒子無可避免地會(huì)將手機(jī)放進(jìn)嘴里，最后手機(jī)上就會(huì)沾滿了口水，還滿是

牙印?；蛘叩人K于玩膩了，他就會(huì)將手機(jī)亂扔，我丈夫的iPhone不久前就是

這樣慘遭不幸的。

拿手機(jī)當(dāng)高科技玩具的并不是只有我們兩個(gè)。美聯(lián)社(AP)不久前的一篇報(bào)道

稱，越來越多的父母往手機(jī)里下載適合孩子的應(yīng)用程序，比如白噪音和鈴鼓的聲

音，還有簡(jiǎn)單的視頻游戲。美國(guó)國(guó)家公共電臺(tái)(NPR)最近的一則報(bào)道說，一位父

親為了鼓勵(lì)11個(gè)月大的孩子爬，就揮動(dòng)他的黑莓手機(jī)，這樣孩子就會(huì)朝手機(jī)那

邊爬去。

讀者們，你們有沒有拿手機(jī)當(dāng)玩具哄過孩子?有沒有什么慘痛的故事?有什么

適合孩子的應(yīng)用程序可以推薦嗎？

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是由but引導(dǎo)的并列的句子。破折號(hào)后面we

don't...onthem是對(duì)weoftenhideourphones的目的的補(bǔ)充說明。其中or引導(dǎo)兩

個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞短語。once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，其中or連接兩個(gè)并列的名詞短語。

語法重點(diǎn)：并列結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)間狀語從句

2.Andwhenwepickupthephoneorcheckmessages,thatonlymakesourson

wantthephonemore,sincehealwayswantswhateverisinourhands.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是thatonlymakesoursonwantthephonemore,

when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，其中whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性

從句作want的賓語。

語法重點(diǎn)：時(shí)間狀語從句，原因狀語從句，名詞性從句

3.TheAPrecentlyranastoryonhowmoreparentsaredownloading

kid-friendlyapps,suchaswhitenoiseandrattlesoundsandeasyvideogames,to

theircellphones.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作on的賓語。suchas表示

舉例。

語法重點(diǎn)：名詞性從句

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀備考練習(xí)題⑷

Theworldpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout90millionpeopleperyear,

withtheThirdWorldaccountingfor80millionofthem.Thepressureoncitiescan

onlygoonincreasing.Theurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountrieswillexceed2

billionpeoplebytheyear2000andsincethemainreasonforthehighdemographic

（人口統(tǒng)?計(jì)的）growthispoverty,theadditionalpopulationwillbemostlymadeof

peopleofverylimitedmeans.

21.Iftheurbanpopulationofthedevelopingcountriesexceeds2billionpeople

bytheyear2000,themainproblemtheadditionalpeoplewillfaceis.

A.housingB.food

C.povertyD.limitedland

A.1985.B.1990.

C.1988.D.2000.

A.alotofdifficulties

B.effortstoimprovehousingcondition

C.pressureofthebasicneeds

D.newmodelsandagreatdealoftransformationofideasandmethods

24.InAfrica,peopleincitieswillbebytheendofthecentury.

A.almosttwiceasmuchasin1985B.doubledthanthatin1985

C.overtwiceasmuchasin1985D.300million

25.Inspiteoftheeffortstoimprovehousingcondition,thenumberofpeople

livinginshanty-townswillincreasebecause.

A.housesinshanty-townsarecheap

C.nopolicywillbecapableofstoppingorchangingthepresentimmigrant

tendencyfromtheruralareastothecitiesintheThirdWorld

D.theThirdWordpopulationisgrowingatarateofabout80millionpeopleper

year

21.C22.C23.D24.C25.C

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀習(xí)題地理與人

Asubjectwhichseemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsand

psychologistsistheinfluenceofgeographyandclimateonthepsychologicaland

physicalhealthofmankind.Thereseemsnodoubtthatthegeneralcharacterofthe

landscape,therelativelengthofdayandnight,andtheclimatemustallplayabig

partindeterminingwhatkindofpeopleweare.

Itistruethatafewstudieshavebeenmade.Wherealltheinhabitantsofa

particularareaenjoyexceptionallygoodorbadhealth,scientistshave

identified.contributoryfactorssuchasthepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslike

iodine,fluoride,calcium,orironinthewatersupply,orperhapstypesofland

thatprovidebreedingplacesforpestslikemosquitoesorrats.

Moreover,wecanallgeneralizeabouttypesofpeoplewehavemet.Those

livingincountries.withlongdarkwintersareapttobelesstalkativeandless

vivaciousthaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismoreequable（穩(wěn)定的）.

Andwheretheoliveandtheorangegrow,theretheinhabitantsarecheerful,

talkative,andspontaneous.

Wearenotyetsureoftheanswerstosuch.questions,butletushopethat

somethingofbenefittomankindmayeventuallyresultfromsuchstudies.

A.alertreaderstothescarcityofnaturalresources

B.callformoreresearchontheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironment

C.introducedifferentelementsincharactercultivation

D.drawmoreattentiontothehealthconditionofmankind

A.benefitpeople'sphysicalhealth

B.influencethequalityofwatersupply

C.helpprovidebreedingplacesforpests.

D.strengthenaperson'scharacter

A.Suchgeneralizationshelpusjudgethedifferentcharactersofpeoplewemeet

B.Suchgeneralizationsarenotinclusiveenoughtodrawaconvincingconclusion.

C.Suchgeneralizationsprovethatnatureplaysanimportantroleindetermining

socialhabits.

D.Suchgeneralizationsshowthattherearemainlytwodifferenttypesofpeople

ontheplanet.

A.focusonunknownaspects

B.bepursuedonalargerscale

C.becarriedoutamongremotetribes

D.goaheadindepth

A.Peoplewholikedrinkingwinetendtobeoptimistic.

B.Peoplewholiveinmountainareastendtohavealonglife.

C.Peoplewholiveinareaswithstableclimatetendtobetalkativeandlively.

0.Peoplewholikedrinkingcowbloodtendtobestrongandtall.

主旨大意題。本文一開頭就提出：關(guān)于地理環(huán)境對(duì)人的影響，研究得還不充

分。接下來的每段開頭句也都進(jìn)一步闡述這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，如第2段首句和第4段首句，

結(jié)尾句又提出希望，所以正確答案為B.選項(xiàng)C和D沒有全面概括環(huán)境和人兩方面

的因素。選項(xiàng)A完全與文章無關(guān)。

推理判斷題。句中的goodhealth與后面的contributoryfactors告訴讀者選項(xiàng)

A是正確的。選項(xiàng)B中的thequality是無中生有。選項(xiàng)C中的providebreedingplaces

forpests在文中的主語是lando選項(xiàng)D中的character跟水中的礦物質(zhì)無關(guān)。

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。緊接第2段論證環(huán)境和健康的關(guān)系之后，第3段看似論述環(huán)境

和個(gè)性的關(guān)系，舉了兩種比較典型的環(huán)境和性格特征的例子，但是，第4段第1句

就把前面的表面現(xiàn)象給否定了，所以此題答案為B。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)立場(chǎng)都錯(cuò)了。

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第3段第2句表明選項(xiàng)C正確。這兩段都提到了人的類型的歸

納，第3段中的歸納是正確的，而第4段中的歸納是有待考證的，因此，本題要依

據(jù)第3段描述的類型做出選擇。

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題韓國(guó)的象征

Hanbokl,astraditionaldressofKorean,isasymbolofKorea.Thewomen's

hanbokhasawraparoundskirtandbolero2—likejacket.Themen'sconsistsof3a

shortjacketandpants.Bothgarmentsmaybetoppedwithalongcoatofasimilarcut.

Now,peoplewearhanbokmostlyonfestivalsorforceremoniessuchasaweddingor

funeral.

KimchirepresentsKorea'sbest-knownfood.Koreansservekimchiatalmost

everymeal,andfewKoreanscanlastmorethanafewdaysbeforecravingsgetthe

betterof4them.Duringthe1988SummerOlympicGames,thousandsofforeigners

wereintroducedtoitforthefirsttime.Despiteareputationforbeingspicy,most

peopleusuallydevelopatasteforit,andmanyforeignersalsofindthemselves

missingitafterreturningtotheirhomecountry.

I.Putthesentencesintorightorder:

1.Thegroomtravelstothehouseofthebride.

2.Theprofessionalmatchmakerspairuplikelycandidates.

3.Thefamilymakesdecision.

4.Thegroomtakeshisnewbridetohisfamily'shouse.

5.Theystayinthebride'shomeforthreedays.

II.Questions:

1.WhatarethesymbolsofKoreadiscussedinthispassage?

2.What'sthemasktraditionallymadeof?

I..4.

II.1.Hanbok,kimchi,traditionalweddingandmasksandmaskdance-drama

areallsymbolsofKorea.

2.Masksaretraditionallymadeofpaper,wood,gourdandfur.

傳統(tǒng)韓國(guó)服飾是韓國(guó)的象征之一。女式韓服為長(zhǎng)裙和形似茄克的開襟短上衣。

男式韓服則是短褂配長(zhǎng)褲。男女式韓服外均可套上款式相似的長(zhǎng)外套。現(xiàn)代人們

大多在節(jié)日、婚禮或葬禮等場(chǎng)合才穿傳統(tǒng)的韓服。

泡菜是韓國(guó)最知名的食品之一。韓國(guó)人幾乎每餐必吃泡菜。幾天沒吃就想吃

了。1988年漢城（首爾）夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí)，成千上萬的外國(guó)游客第一次品嘗了韓國(guó)

泡菜盡管韓國(guó)泡菜以辛辣著稱，但人們還是喜歡上了它，許多外國(guó)游客回國(guó)仍念

念不忘。

在韓國(guó)，婚姻不僅僅代表男女兩個(gè)人，更是兩個(gè)家庭的結(jié)合。因此，婚禮常被

稱為"大禮"，親戚朋友都從各地趕來參加。受傳統(tǒng)儒家觀念的影響，婚慶和相關(guān)

的儀式又耗時(shí)又講究，包括從結(jié)婚到婚慶后要行的禮節(jié)。職業(yè)媒人介紹合適的雙

方結(jié)成夫妻，夫妻二人常常在婚禮上才見第一面。男女雙方家庭在做婚姻決定時(shí)

要考慮很多因素，還與算命人一同討論，預(yù)測(cè)夫妻倆未來的共同生活。新郎通常

要先到新娘家舉行婚禮，三天后才能把新娘子帶回自己家?；槎Y大典由很多小的

儀式構(gòu)成，要多次叩頭，做象征性的姿勢(shì)。參加婚禮的人要收斂情緒，保持嚴(yán)肅。

現(xiàn)代韓國(guó)婚禮盡管保留了傳統(tǒng)婚禮的一些特點(diǎn)，但大多更像西方婚禮。不過，民

俗村和各地的博物館定期示范傳統(tǒng)婚禮，以延續(xù)這一傳統(tǒng)。

面具和面具舞蹈也是韓國(guó)的象征。韓國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的面具由紙、木、葫蘆和毛皮制

成，主要體現(xiàn)韓國(guó)人的面部表情和骨骼構(gòu)造，有的也代表神或動(dòng)物。面具舞劇通

常是夜晚在篝火旁表演，因此面具大多奇形怪狀，極盡夸張。面具舞劇實(shí)際上是

韓國(guó)的一種民間藝術(shù)，是德藏時(shí)代在平民百姓中自發(fā)形成的。多數(shù)情況下，表演

臨近尾聲時(shí)，觀眾和演員一起跳起熱情奔放的舞蹈。

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題如何查看國(guó)際航班安全

EuropeanandUSregulatorsevaluateaviationsafety,andtheairlineindustry

itselfhasaworld-widesafety-auditprogram,butit'sdifficultfortravelerstocheck

airlinesafetywhenbuyingtickets.There'snorestaurant-inspector'sscorepostedon

theairplanedoororgovernmentcrash-teststarratingprintedonyourticket.

That'sunfortunate,sinceinterestinairlinesafetyishigh.It'sbeenabadyearfor

aviationfatalities,withmorethan700peoplekilledin16crashesaroundtheworld

sofarin2009.Manyinvolvedlittle-knownairlinessomealreadyonwatchlistsfor

safetyconcerns.

GovernmentregulatorsinEuropeandtheUStakedifferentapproachesto

aviationsafety.

TheEuropeanUnionevaluatesairlinesandtheirplanesandpublishesa

"blacklist"ofunacceptablecarriers,mostrecentlyupdatedjusttwoweeksago.The

EUblacklistisavailableontheInternetatec.europa.eu/transport/(clickon"Air/'

then"ListofairlinesbannedwithintheEU")

TheUSFederalAviationAdministrationevaluatescountries,notcarriers.US

inspectorsdecideifacountry'saviationinfrastructureisuptosnuffbycountingthe

numberofinspectorswatchingoverairlines,assessingair-traffic-controlprocedures

andevaluatingfundingandlegalauthorityofaviationregulators.TheFAAevaluation

isbasedlargelyonstandardssetbytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization,a

UnitedNations-charteredgroup.(USairlinesarerequiredtomeetorexceed

internationalsafetystandards.)

TheFAAsays101countrieshavebeenassessed;79haveCategory1status,

meaningtheUSbelievesthecountrymeetsinternationalstandards,and22fallinto

Category2.Category2doesn'tmeanairlinesfromthatcountryarebanned,onlythat

anynewserviceandairlinepassenger-sharingtiesarefrozen.Thatcanhave

economicimpactonacountryanditsairlines,andthethreatofaCategory2

downgradecanpromptimprovement.

There'ssurprisinglylittleoverlapbetweentheFAAandEUlists.Airlinesfrom

Angola,Benin,Kazakhstan,KyrgyzRepublic,Liberia,Gabon,SierraLeone,Sudan,

Afghanistan,Cambodia,RwandaandZambiaarebannedontheEUblacklist,but

thosecountriesaren'tevaluatedatallbytheFAA.BOthEUandUSregulatorsshare

concernsonCongo,IndonesiaandSwaziland.TheFAAratesZimbabwe,Israel,the

Philippines,SerbiaandMontenegroplusseveralLatinAmericanandCaribbean

nations,includingBelize,Haiti,HondurasandNicaragua,inCategory2,butnotthe

EU.

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題水糧食安全之源

Ourplanetisthirsty—thirstybecauseitishungry.Ittakesonethousandtimes

morewatertofeedthehumanpopulationthanitdoestosatisfyitsthirst.

Waterliesatthecoreofsustainabledevelopmentconcerns,anditsrationaland

equitablemanagementiscrucialforhumansurvival.Thatwasoneofthekey

messagestoarisefromtheWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment?thatwas

heldinJohannesburgthissummer.Nextyear'sThirdWorldWaterForuminJapan

willaddressthisissueingreaterdepth.

Itisthereforefittingthatthisyear'sWorldFoodDayspotlightstheroleofwater

infoodsecurity.Withoutwater,therecanbenofoodproduction.Infact,the

agriculturalsectoristheuserof70percentoftheplanet'swatersupply.Inaworldin

whichpercapitawateravailabilityisdeclining,weneedtofocusonappropriate

watermanagementifwearetosufficientlyincreasefoodproduction,withaviewto

reducehungerandmalnutrition,andfeedapopulationexpectedtoriseto8billionin

30years'time.

Shortageofwaterthreatensextensiveagriculturalregionsindeveloping

countriesandfanstheprospectoffoodcrises.Atpresent,twentycountriesdonot

haveenoughwatertoproducethefoodtheirpopulationsneed.Insomecases,the

overexploitationofwaterresourcesunderminesfutureagriculturalproduction,while

inothers,theirunderexploitationinhibitsdevelopment.

Itisurgenttoavoidpoorirrigationpracticesthathaveoftenledtodiminishing

watersupplies,landdegradationandspreadofdisease.Fartoooften,morewateris

beingpumpedthancanpossiblyberecharged.Also,toomuchwaterisbeinglost

alongcanals,becauseofleakage,wastage,seepageorevaporation.Toomany

schemesarelosingproductivitybecauseofinappropriatedrainage,waterloggingand

abuild-upofsaltsinthesoil.

Wethushavetoturnincreasinglytoadoptintegratedwatershedmanagement,

curbtheupstreamdeforestationthatgeneratesfloodinganderosion,and

significantlyincreaseinvestmentinwatercontrolinfrastructure.Finally,wateruse

willbesustainableonlyifitisdoneinasociallyequitablemanner.

Newwaterpolicy,andinstitutionsandlawswillfacilitatetheintegrated

managementofriverbasinsandwaterresourcesbyallstakeholders,inaclimateof

transparency,accountabilityandsocialjustice.

Thecooperationofalldevelopmentpartners,thepublic,privateandnon-profit

sectorsatnationalandinternationallevel,willbeindispensabletoresolveconflictsof

interest,mobilizesubstantialfinancialresourcesandcreateconditionsforafairer

distributionoffoodandwater.

ThecountriesofAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthernAsiathatarealready

facingseriouswatershortageswillseetheirsituationrapidlyworsenunlessthereis

strongersolidaritybetweentheregionsofabundanceandtheregionsofscarcity.

Suchsolidarityisnecessaryifwearetoavoidaproliferationandaggravationof

tensionsrelatingtowater.

1.ManypeopleinAfrica（錄U奪）theirrightsoflivingpeacefully.

2.Afewofspiesareplanningto（破壞）thesocialstability.

3.Libraryisusuallyregardedasa（非盈利）organization.

Whyshouldweavoidpoorirrigationpractices?

I.1.aredeprivedof2.undermine3.non-profit

II.Becausesuchpracticeshaveoftenledtodiminishingwatersupplies,land

degradationandspreado

fdisease.

我們的星球很渴。它之所以渴是因?yàn)樗囸I。它用于生產(chǎn)供養(yǎng)人類的糧食所

需要的水比用于人類飲用的水多一千倍。

水是可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)注的核心問題。對(duì)水進(jìn)行公平合理的管理是人類生存的關(guān)

鍵。這是今年夏天在約翰內(nèi)斯堡舉行的可持續(xù)發(fā)展首腦會(huì)議發(fā)出的主要信息之一。

明年在日本舉行的第三屆"世界水論壇"將要更加深入地討論這一問題。

因此，今年的"世界糧食日”突顯水在糧食安全中的作用是正逢其時(shí)的。沒有

水，就不可能進(jìn)行糧食生產(chǎn)。事實(shí)上，地球上的供水量有70%為于農(nóng)業(yè)部門所用。

世界上水的人均占有量正在下降，必須對(duì)水進(jìn)行適當(dāng)集中管理才能充分提高糧食

生產(chǎn)，從而減少饑餓和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，為30年后預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到80億的人口提供食品。

缺水對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的廣大農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)造成威脅，可能引起糧食危機(jī)。目前有20

個(gè)國(guó)家無充足的水用于生產(chǎn)該國(guó)人口需要的糧食。在某些情況下，水資源過度開

發(fā)影響了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)前景，而在另一些情況下，水資源利用不足抑制了發(fā)展。

貧困、對(duì)糧食日益增加的需求以及供水量不足等綜合因素對(duì)世界糧食安全及

人人獲得凈水提出了嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)。有十億人缺乏凈水，他們中的大多數(shù)還遭受饑餓。

他們生活在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，農(nóng)業(yè)是主要收入

我們?nèi)绾尾拍茉诒Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境的同時(shí)確保水的供應(yīng)和糧食安全呢？今天，世界糧

食產(chǎn)量有三分之一以上來自灌溉地區(qū)，灌溉面積占全球耕地面積的16%。灌溉農(nóng)

業(yè)的產(chǎn)量至少是雨育農(nóng)業(yè)的兩倍。在今后30年間，發(fā)展中國(guó)家增加的糧食產(chǎn)量

約有70%來自灌溉土地。我們急需避免通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致供水減少、土地退化和疾病

傳播的不良灌溉方法。更多時(shí)候抽水量都超過了儲(chǔ)水重新補(bǔ)給的能力。同樣，因

流失、消耗、滲透或蒸發(fā)，有太多的水在灌渠沿途損失。由于排水不當(dāng)、積水和

土壤鹽堿化日益嚴(yán)重，許多灌區(qū)的生產(chǎn)率下降。

因此，我們必須更多地采用小流域綜合管理方法，制止造成水災(zāi)和侵蝕的上

游毀林，大量增加對(duì)水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資。最后，水的利用只有以社會(huì)公平的方

式進(jìn)行才可能持續(xù)。新的水政策和體制及法律將在一種透明、負(fù)責(zé)和社會(huì)公正的

氛圍下，促使所有利益相關(guān)者接受對(duì)江河流域及水資源的綜合管理方法。

國(guó)家和國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)所有發(fā)展伙伴之間、公共、私營(yíng)及非盈利部門之間必須進(jìn)

行合作，才能解決利益沖突，調(diào)動(dòng)大量經(jīng)濟(jì)資源，為更加公平分配糧食和水創(chuàng)造

條件。除非富足地區(qū)與匱乏地區(qū)之間加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，否則非洲I、中東和南亞已經(jīng)

面臨嚴(yán)重缺水國(guó)家的形勢(shì)將會(huì)迅速惡化。如果我們要避免與水有關(guān)的緊張狀況擴(kuò)

散和加劇，就需要這種團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作。

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題自由女神像

America'smostfamouswomanistheGoddessofLiberty,i.e.theStatueof

Liberty.Itwasfirstthoughtofin1865byEdouarddeLaboulayeanddesignedby

anotherFrenchman,FredericBartoldi.Theywantedto11libertyandfriendship.

Americanswereinitially14fortheyhadnotraisedthemoneytopayforthe

erectionofthebase.Fundraisingbypopularsubscriptionwasbehind15.Onefund

raisingmethodusedwastohavepopularAmericanswriteletterswhichwerethen

soldinpublic.

Afteracentury,themonumentbegantoshowsignsofgettingworsein19.Just

asFrenchmenhadcreatedtheStatue,soitwaswithrestoration.

AFrenchmannotedthedecayandFrenchandAmericancraftsmenand

contributionsbroughtabouttherenewaloftheStatueintimeforits

centennial.Libertyisstill20inFranceandtheUnitedStates.

E.honorF.manufactureG.scheduleH.reward

I.celebratedJ.principlesK.embarrassedL.technical

M.voluntaryNconditions0.discouraged

答案：11.E12.I13.F14.K15.G16.D17.L18.J

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題哈里?波特的威力

ThePowerOfHarryPotter

BarryCunninghamstilllaughsaboutthatmomentin1997,whenhetoldasingle

motherwithaknackforfantasystorytellingtofindherselfadayjob,becausewriting

children'sbooksdidnotpay.

Butthecheerful51-year-old'sstorydoesnotendwiththecareer-makingmove

ofsigning>J.K.Rowling,HarryPotter'screator.Infact,theformermarketing

directorleftBloomsburyweeksbeforethepublicationofHarryPotterandthe

Philosopher'sStone,thefirstinstalmentsoftheboywizard'sadventures.Today,heis

runninghisownboutiquechildren'sbookpublisher—TheChickenHouse—and,

onceagain,beingcreditedwithturninglittle-knownstorytellersintobigtime

bestsellers.wldidnotseeanydirectfinancialbenefits(fromsigningJ.K.Rowling)but

ithasgivenmeahugereputation——andtheintangiblethingistheconfidenceitgave

meinmyownjudgment."

"It'soddtosaya50-year-oldmanknowswhata13-year-oldwantstoread,but

Ido,“saysMrCunningham.

練習(xí)題:

I.TranslatethefollowingChineseexpressionsintoEnglishequivaIents

accordingtothepassage:

1.由于，因?yàn)?/p>

2.復(fù)活，重生，重新出現(xiàn)

3.經(jīng)典作品，古典作品

4.民意調(diào)查

II.Questions:

1.Whichcountrybuythemostgoldtomakejewelry?

2.Whatare/zreservedcurrencies'7?

答案：

I.1.dueto2.revival3.classic4.poll

II.1.LordoftheRings2.HarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone

譯文：

哈里?波特的威力

如同中了魔法一般，幾乎所有的英國(guó)家長(zhǎng)都突然撿起了念書給孩子聽的習(xí)慣。

英國(guó)電力公司委托組織的一次調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，《哈里?波特》系列以及一些更早的經(jīng)典

著作已經(jīng)掀起了一場(chǎng)真正的睡前閱讀革命：現(xiàn)在有90%的英國(guó)家長(zhǎng)念書給孩子

聽，而在2000年這一比例只有40%o調(diào)查認(rèn)為這種增長(zhǎng)是由于所謂的“大小人"

書的流行，這樣的書對(duì)大人和孩子有同樣的吸引力。"隨著現(xiàn)時(shí)像《指環(huán)王》這

樣的兒童經(jīng)典著作在電影院中的復(fù)興，家長(zhǎng)們對(duì)自己兒時(shí)讀過的書籍產(chǎn)生了新的

興趣，或者說是第一次有了去讀它們的愿望,〃調(diào)查的一份聲明中援引心理學(xué)家埃

里克?西格曼的話說，"正如家長(zhǎng)和孩子都可以從空想和幻想中得到樂趣一樣，這些

小說也為家長(zhǎng)和孩子提出了可以一起討論的重要問題。與家長(zhǎng)分享意見和看法對(duì)

孩子情感和創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。"

提起1997年那件事時(shí)，巴里?坎寧安依然覺得好笑。當(dāng)時(shí)，他勸一位一心要寫

幻想故事的單身母親找一份日常工作，因?yàn)閷憙和瘯氖杖肷跷ⅰ?/p>

坎寧安先生慧眼識(shí)才的能力就此傳開。甚至在2001年，世界上的兒童書出版

商學(xué)究出版社的高級(jí)職員在業(yè)界出版物上讀到一則消息:發(fā)現(xiàn)哈利?波特的人正為

自己的新出版社尋找分銷商，隨即便與他聯(lián)系。學(xué)究出版社兒童出版及分銷總裁

芭芭拉?馬庫(kù)斯說:"我們看中他的才能，并且了解他的品味。我們覺得，他有發(fā)現(xiàn)

新人的能力，同時(shí)又有商業(yè)意識(shí)?！?/p>

坎寧安先生說:"說一個(gè)50歲的人竟然知道13歲孩子想要讀什么書，這很奇怪，

但我確實(shí)知道。"

12月英語四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題少為人父

FootballstarMichaelOwenannouncedlastweekthat,at22,hewillsoonfollow

fellowEnglandstar,DavidBeckham,27,intothelabor-wardl.

Thisimpressionisbackedup2byafewsurveysonthematinghabitsofyoung

British.Infact,BritishyoungmenarefivetimesmorelikelythantheirItalian

contemporariestohavesettleddownby25.

Sowhatishappening?Hasthe"Loaded"generationsgonesoft?Celebrityhas

doneaservicebycastingitslimelightonalargelyinvisiblesideoffatherhood.

WhenMichaelDouglas(ageingAmericanactor)revealsaboutthewrinklyend

ofthepaternalexperience,MichaelOwenisdoingforboydads.

PowerfulcelebrityrolemodelssuchasBeckhamhelpyoungfathersfeellessof

analien.Beckham,ofcourse,hasnoproblemwiththebreadwinnerbit,buthis

distinguishingcharacteristicishispublicendorsementofcaringfatherhood.Fora

youngdad,thiscanbeliberation.

Just20percentofteenagefathersremainintouchwiththemothers15years

later.Itmeansthat8,000childrenborntoteenagedadthisyearwillnotbeseeing

himbythetimetheythemselvesareteenagers.

Doesthismattertothechild?Hugely.AccordingtorecentfindingsbyProfessor

JudyDunnattheUK'sInstituteofpsychiatry,acloserelationshipbetweenan

estrangedfatherandhischildishighlybeneficialtoachild'sdevelopment,

particularlywhenthemotherbecamepregnantasateenager.

NewresearchfromBristolUniversityinEnglandsuggeststhatyoungfatherhood,

farfrombeingproblematic,canbringyoung,disadvantagedmenoutofsocial

exclusion.

TheexampleofMichaelOwen'spublicexcitementmaybolstersomeisolated

youngmen.Butaslongastomanyotherpeopleandinstitutionsareambivalent

abouthisroleandfailtoofferahelpinghand,thatfigureof8,000childreninthe

UK4losingtheiryoungdadsbytheirteenageyearsisunlikelytofall.

1.YoungmeninUKislesslikelytogetmarriedbefore25thanthoseinItaly.

2.Celebrity/swayoflifecanaffectaverageperson.

3.Thoughfatheroftwochildren,Beckhamneversupportscaringfatherhood.

4.20%ofthechildrenborntoateenagefatherwillnotlivewiththeirfather

whenthesechildrenareintheirteenage.

5.80%maleswh