高三英語閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解課件(共18張)

ReadingComprehension-閱讀理解Readingcomprehension主旨和要義（主旨大意題）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)（邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題）理解文中具體信息（細(xì)節(jié)理解題）根據(jù)文中信息做出判斷和推理(推理判斷題)猜詞義題理解作者的意圖，觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度Step1Revisiongoals(復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)）1.讓學(xué)生理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)和錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方法。2.通過練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生掌握細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧。Step2Interpretationoftestpoints(考點(diǎn)解讀）

細(xì)節(jié)理解題在15道閱讀理解題中占據(jù)半壁江山，以選擇題的形式呈現(xiàn)。

Step3專題整合

&（和）Step4Practicerelatedtotheimportantpoints

（考題講練）

第一講細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題策略題型概述細(xì)節(jié)理解題解直接信息型語義理解型圖文轉(zhuǎn)換型是非辨別型事實(shí)排序型數(shù)字計(jì)算型[典例1]

(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·C篇)...Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic－likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironment－friendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.解析B根據(jù)題干“研究者對(duì)于智能鍵盤有什么期望”及關(guān)鍵詞“expect”與最后一句中“hope”的呼應(yīng)，可直接定位到最后一句話“該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望在不久的將來，將智能鍵盤推向市場(chǎng)”。故選B。1.定位對(duì)比破解直接信息題解題指導(dǎo)：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息→速讀定位原文→比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)，得出答案。1[典例2]

(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·A篇)...SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.

23．Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A．JobsforYouth.B．SummerCompany.C．StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D．SummerEmploymentOpportunities.

解析D根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“thedisabled(殘疾人)”可直接定位到最后一則暑期工作公告中的“personswithadisability”兩者屬于典型的同義詞替換，故選D。2.同義互釋破解間接信息題解題指導(dǎo)審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息→速讀定位原文，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換(同義或近義詞語)→逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，得出答案。[典例3]

(2018·江蘇高考·A篇)...Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊)onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult....56．Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A．$12. B．$37.C．$50. D．$62.解析C根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Howmuch和pay可迅速定位到原文信息$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloistersonthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.可知，成人票價(jià)25美元，12歲以下兒童在大人的陪同下免費(fèi)。因而11歲的女孩和其父母只需支付兩張成人票款即可。通過計(jì)算可知答案應(yīng)為C項(xiàng)。3.整合推算破解數(shù)字計(jì)算題解題指導(dǎo)審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息→定位原文中包含該信息的相關(guān)段落→運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)公式進(jìn)行推算，得出答案。[典例4]

Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.

Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按壓)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“She'salittlestar，”saidDebbie,“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.

What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstopped.A．③①②④B．④②③①C．③④②①D．④③①②解析通過速讀原文我們可知第一件事是Colm'sheartstopped，而最后一件事是IzzykickedColm，故答案為B項(xiàng)。

4.首尾定位破解細(xì)節(jié)排序題解題指導(dǎo)審讀題干和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容→利用首尾，排除掉部分選項(xiàng)，縮小范圍→如排序內(nèi)容較多，再查看剩余選項(xiàng)的異同處，進(jìn)一步縮小范圍；如排序內(nèi)容較少，一般即可快速得出答案。PracticeAnewly-publishedstudyhasshownthatlonelinesscanspreadfromonepersontoanother,likeadisease.ResearchersusedinformationfromtheFraminghamStudy,whichbeganin1948.TheFraminghamStudygathersinformationaboutphysicalandmentalhealth,personalbehavioranddiet.Atfirst,thestudyinvolvedabout5,000peopleintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Now,morethan12,000individualsaretakingpart.InformationfromtheFraminghamStudyshowedearlierthathappinesscanspreadfrompersontoperson.Socanbehaviorslikelitteringandtheabilitytostopsmoking.UniversityofChicagopsychologistJohnCacioppoledtherecentstudy….1.WhatistrueabouttheFraminghamStudy?Itwasonlyconductedin1948.Itinvolvesmorethan12,000participants.C.ItwasledbyJohnCacioppo.D.Itshowedthatanybehaviorcouldspread.★偷梁換柱張冠李戴擴(kuò)大化UniversityofChicagopsychologistJohnCacioppoledtherecentstudy.Heandotherresearchersattemptedtoshowhowoftenpeoplefeltlonely.Theyfoundthatthefeelingoflonelinessspreadthroughsocialgroups.Havingasocialconnectionwithalonelypersonincreasedthechancesthatanotherindividualwouldfeellonely.Infact,afriendofalonelypersonwas52%morelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Afriendofthatpersonwas25%morelikely.Theresearcherssaythisshowsthatapersoncouldindirectlybeaffectedbysomeone’sloneliness.2.Ifyouareafriendofalonelyperson,youmay____be52%morelikelytohaveotherlonelyfriends.be25%morelikelytohavesocialconnectionwithothers.onlyhavelonelyfriends.beaffectedandfeellonelymoreeasily.★偷梁換柱偷梁換柱絕對(duì)化Theeffectwasstrongestamongfriends.Neighborswerethesecondmostaffectedgroup.Theeffectwasweakeronhusbandsandwives,andbrothersandsisters.Theresearchersalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.TheNewYorkTimesnewspaperreportsthat,onaverage,peopleexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessabout48daysayear.Italsofoundthateveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbyaboutf