2022-2023學(xué)年甘肅省定西市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（上）期末英語試卷及答案解析

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年甘肅省定西市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（上）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AJOBSATHOLKERGraduateDataAnalyst

FollowingarecentreorganisationwithintheHolkerGroup，anewroleofGraduateDataAnalystistobecreatedtosupporttheHolkerGroupReportingFunction.Thisisanewgivenworkingwithinasmallteam.

Althoughbasicallywearelookingfordataanalyst/reportingskills，therewillbeaneedtoaccepttasksinotherareasoftheIT/Businesscycle.

SkillRequirements：

Asadataanalyst，youwillneedto

●Developandtrackkeyperformanceindicators，usingdatadashboards，graphsandvisualisations.

●Manipulate，analyseandinterpretcomplexdatasetsrelatingtotheemployer'sbusiness.

●Mineandanalyselargeanddiversedatasets，drawingoutkeyinformationandpresentingthemsuccessfullytomanagementusingMicrosoftBI.

●Preparereportsforinternalandexternalstakeholdersusingbusinessanalyticsreportingtools.

●Gather，understandanddocumentdetailedbusinessrequirementsusingappropriatetoolsandtechniques.

●Identifyareastoincreaseefficiencyandautomationofprocesses.

●Developrecordsmanagementprocessesandpolicies.

●Identify，evaluateandimplementexternalservicesandtoolstosupportdatavalidationandcleansing.

Salary：￡20-25kdependentonexperience

Hours：Normalofficehoursare9：00amto5：00pmbutthepersonappointedwillberequiredtoworkextrahoursthatarereasonablyrequiredtoachievetheirduties.

StaffBenefits（員工福利）：

●YearlyLeave

●CompanyPension

●CompanyDiscounts

●FreeOn-siteparking

PleaseapplyprovidingyourCV（簡(jiǎn)歷）andcoveringlettertoGlynBiggs-Glyn@holker.co.ukorbymailtoTheEstateOffice，Cark-in-Cartmel，Grange-over-Sands，CumbriaLA117PH

Closingdateforapplications：16thOctober2022.1.WhoisfitforthejobwantedatHolker？______A.Asoftwaredesigner. B.Anactivityplanner.

C.Anadvancedbusinessmanager. D.Agraduatedataanalyst.2.Whichofthefollowingcanyouhaveifyouareemployed？______A.Salaryofover￡25，000. B.Freeparkingoutside.

C.Workinghoursofover8. D.Paidyearlyleave.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom？______A.Anapplicationletter. B.Acompanywebsite.

C.Anacademicarticle. D.Asciencereport.BIhadjustdeliveredamemorizedspeech，andIwasabouttolearnhowthejudgesdecidedmyperformance．Theaudienceleanedforwardandaperiodofsilencefellacrosstheroom．Ifeltthedrumrolledinmyheart．

Thethird-placewinnerwasannounced．Thenamewasnotmine．Thenthesecond-placewinner，stillnotme．Atlast，themomentoftruthcame．Iwasabouttoeitherenjoythewarmthofvictoryorregretthemonths'preparation．Myheartfeltclosertothelatter．

Losingisapartoflife，andIhavedealtwithitonmorethanoneoccasion．However，itwasanindescribablefeelingtodrivea200-mileroundtripgetupveryearlyonafreezingSaturdaymorning，andyetstillfinishfourthoutoffourcompetitorsinmygroup．AfterLincolnlostthe1858IllinoisSenaterace，hesaid，"Ifeltlikethe12-year-oldboywhokickedhistoe．Iwastoobigtocryandithurttoobadtolaugh．"Ohyeah，Icouldrelate．

IhadspentmanyhoursinfrontofacomputerandinlibrariesdoingresearchfortheLincolnBicentennialSpeechContest．Afternotplacinginthefirstyearofthecontest，Ireallywantedtocompeteagain．Lincolnhadmanyfailures，butheneverallowedthemtodefeathisspiritorambition，soIwasnotgoingtogiveuponasecondcontest!Ireworkedmyspeechforthefollowingyear，butagainIdidnotplace．

Icouldn'tacceptthefactthatIfailedtwiceinsomethingthatIhadworkedsohardon，untilIthoughtaboutmyhero．Nevermindthelostprizemoneyandpraise．ThroughlearningstoriesaboutLincoln，IdiscoveredthatIcanfailsuccessfully．4.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterfinishinghisspeech？______A.Excited B.Relaxed C.Nervous D.Confident5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph3？______A.Hewasdisappointedwithhispreparations.

B.Hehurthistoesonthewaytothelibrary.

C.Hegotuplateonthedayofthecontest.

D.Hewasbottomofhisgroup.6.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoenterthesecondcontest？______A.Thewarmthofthevictory.

B.TheinspirationfromLincoln.

C.Hiseagernessfortheprizemoney.

D.Hisdesiretoshowhimselfonthestage.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.Learntofailsuccessfully B.Nevermindothers'judgments

C.Lincoln-myhero D.Losing-anindescribablefeelingCTheUnitedStateshasabout475，000schoolbuses--allpaintedyellow.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25，000，000children,halfofallschoolchildreninthecountry.Butthesebuses,onaverage,usefourlitersofdiesel（柴油）fueltotravellessthansixteenkilometers.Whentheschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubled,toadollarand8cents,bytheendofschoolinJune.

BobRileyspeaksfortheAmericanSchoolBusCouncil.Hesaysfuelpricesforschoolsarenotmuchlowerthanothershavetopay.Asaresult,schoolsarelookingforwaystoreducetransportationcosts.Busroutesarebeingredrawnor,insomecases,canceled.Someareasarebuyingbusesthatusenaturalgasorotheralternativefuels.Otherstepsincludefewerfieldtripsandlesstravelbysportsteams.Andsomeschooldistrictsmayendanybusservicenotrequiredbylaw.

Studiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestformoftransportationtoandfromschool.TheAmericanSchoolBusCouncilsayscutsinbusservicearebadforchildrenandpossiblytheenvironment.Itsaysremovingbusesfromtheroadwillmeananincreaseinothervehiclestransportingstudents.SpokesmanBobRileysaysanotherconcernisthatreducingbusservicesmightreduceattendance.

Butitcouldalsogetmorechildrentowalkorbicycletoschool.AndthatwouldsurelymakepeoplehappyattheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolistheaimofathree-year-oldfederalprogram,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.TheUnitedStateswillcelebrateWalktoSchoolDayonOctobereighththisyear.Butforsomestudents,highfuelpricescouldmakeeverydayawalk-to-schoolday.8.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus？______A.Highfuelprices'influencesonschoolbuses.

B.Newmeasurestotransportschoolstudents.

C.Thesafestformofstudenttransportation.

D.TheoriginofWalktoSchoolDay.9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3？______A.Cutsinbusservicewillhavenegativeresults.

B.TheUSgovernmentisencouragingcutsinbusservices.

C.TheUSschoolsaresearchingforthesafesttransportationmeans.

D.Reducingbusservicewilldoalotofgoodtotheenvironment.10.Inordertocutdowntransportationcost,manyschoolstakethefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT______.A.changingsomebusroutes

B.stoppingsomebusroutes

C.askingparentstodrivechildrentoandfromschool

D.usingothertypesoffuels11.TheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchoolencouragesmorechildrentowalkorbiketoschoolinorderto______.A.savemorefuelsanddieselforthecountry

B.keepthechildrensafeontheirwaytoschool

C.makethechildrenliveasimplelife

D.keepthechildrenhealthyandtheenvironmentcleanDEveryyear,companieslikeGoPromanagetopackmoreandmorefunctionsintosmallerandsmalleractioncamerasthatarelessnoticeabletowear.ButateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofWashingtonhavemanagedtobuildalive-streamingwirelesscamerathat'ssosmallthatevenaninsectcanwearit.It'snotquitesmallandlightenoughtobeheldtoafly,butataround250milligrams,thecamerawassuccessfullycarriedbyabeetle.

Althoughthecamerainsideamodernsmartphoneiscertainlytiny,it'stoolargeandheavyforaninsecttocarryoncethebatteriesareadded.Capturingmillionofpixels（像素）witheveryshotrequiresalotofimageprocessing,whichinturnrequiresalotofpower.Takinganalternateroute,theresearcherscopiednature'sapproachtohowfliesseetheworld.Theirlargecompoundeyescannotonlydetectmotionacrossawidefieldofview（it'swhythey'resodifficulttohit）butalsofeatureasmall,high-resolution（分辨率）regionthatcanfocusontheirtargetswhichhelpsreducetheloadontheirtinybrains.

Givenitssizeandlow-powerapproach,thecamera'sstreamingabilitiesaresimilarlylimited,withaBluetoothconnectionthatmaxesoutatadistanceofroughly120meters,requiringaremoteoperatortobefairlyclosetothecameraatalltimes.However,batterylifeissurprisinglydecent.Thecameracanrunforuptotwohours,buttoextendthat,theresearchersincludedanaccelerometersothatit'sonlycapturingandbroadcastingimageswheneverthebeetleismoving.Thatcanincreasethecamera'sbatterylifetooversixhours.

Theresearchersacknowledgethattheirdesigncertainlyraisessomeprivacyconcerns,givenhoweasyitisforinsectstofindtheirwayintoyourhome.Butthecameracouldprovideentomologists（昆蟲學(xué)者）withnewinsightsintohowinsectscrosstheirenvironment,respondtothreatsinthewild,andevenprovideacloserlookattheirsocialstructures.12.Whatisthefeatureofthenewcamera？______A.It'ssmall-sizeandlow-weight.

B.Ittakesmuchclearerpictures.

C.Itcanperformtasksintheopenair.

D.Itprotectsbeetlesfromtheirenemies.13.Whatdotheresearcherslearnfromfliesforthenewcamera？______A.Howtoenlargeitsvision.

B.Howtocapturethetarget.

C.Howtosavepowerofitsbattery.

D.Howtomakesharpturnsduringflying.14.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"decent"inParagraph3？______A.casual B.adequate C.beneficial D.unsatisfactory15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothedesignofthenewcamera？______A.Critical. B.Doubtful. C.Favorable. D.Objective.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）Movetowardsnaturewhenfeelingdown.Miraclesdohappenifyoutry.Accordingtostudies，walkingamongtreesmakesusrelaxed.（1）______There'splentyofresearchshowingthelinkbetweenbeinginnatureandbeinghappy，butmostoftheresearchhasfocusedonadults.

（2）______Explainingthemotivationbehindthestudy，researchersnotethatwithenvironmentalissuessuchasglobalwarming，morestudiesarefocusingontherelationshipsbetweenhumansandnaturetofindsolutionstotheseproblems，andthefutureoftheplanetliesinthehandsofchildrenandtheiractions.However，fewstudiesfocusonthisaspect.

Forthestudy，researchersworkedwith206childrenbetweentheagesof5and15.Tomeasurehowconnectedtheyweretonature，thekidswereaskedhowmuchtheyenjoyactivitieslikeseeingwildflowersandwildanimals，hearingsoundsofnatureandtouchinganimalsandplants.（3）______Theyalsofoundthatthemoreconcernedchildrenwereabouttheenvironmentandnature，themorelikelytheyweretobehappy.

So，exposuretonatureisrelatedtoactivebehaviorsandhappinessofchildren.Whatdoesthatmeantoadults？Asweallknow，childrenusuallytendtofollowadults'，especiallytheirparents'behaviors.That'stosay，whenadultsareoutsideandappreciatenature，kidslearnbyexample.（4）______

Researcherssaythatchildrenneedrolemodelswhocangentlyguidethemtonaturewithexcitementandanattitudeofalifelonglearner.（5）______What'smoreimportantisthattheyspendtimetogetherwithchildrenbyexploringafunandsafeenvironment.

A.It'ssoadventurousgoingforawalkaroundtrees.

B.Researcherswillstudymoreabouttheconnectionbetweenchildren'sperformanceandnature.

C.Andifparentsenjoybeingclosetonature，sowilltheirchildren.

D.Parentsdon'thavetobeexpertsinenvironmentalscienceornaturestudies.

E.Theyfoundthatthekidsconnectedtonatureweremorelikelytobehaveproperly.

F.Inanewstudy，researcherswantedtoseeifkidsgetthesamebenefitsfrombeingoutdoors.

G.Evenjustsmellingthetreeshelpsreduceanxiety.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）WhenIwasyoung，mymothercouldnoteven(21)a50-centchocolatebarforme.However，insteadoffocusingonpoorness，mymotherselflessly(22)metofightforsuccesssothatIcouldleada（an）(23)life.Sheworkedlonghourseverynighttosupportthefamily.(24)shewouldfindtimetoplaywithmysister，Emily，andme.Althoughldidnothavetwoparents，Iwaslovedand(25)justasmuch.

Notalloflife'smilestones（里程碑）wereeasy.Someevenleft(26)tastewhenmymothermarriedamaninMaryland.Thefirstfewmonthsweregreat：baseball，dinnerstogetherandmovies.Itfeltlikewewerethe(27)all-Americanfamily.Thenthings(28).Screamingmatchesbetweenmystepfatherandmymotherruineddinners，andheexchangedmovieticketsforwine.

Wespentfiveyearslivinginafamilysettingthathadtunedintoa(29)zone.Toourgreatrelief，theyfinally(30)andwesettledinTexas，whereMomisstillworkinghardforabetterlife.Now，asIwritethisarticlewithsomedarkchocolateathand，IrealizemyfamilyandIareatthe(31)pointofourlives.Ihavesucceededbothinmy(32)andpersonality.Ihavebeen(33)myhungerforknowledgeandIamto(34)fromhighschool，notmakingabitterproductofmyenvironment，forIknowhardtimesinlifearealsolearningexperiences.(35)，likecandy，canbethesweetesttreatofall.21.

A.afford B.deliver C.break D.discover22.

A.permitted B.pushed C.invited D.warned23.

A.independent B.peaceful C.interesting D.comfortable24.

A.Instead B.Still C.Otherwise D.Thus25.

A.educated B.blamed C.observed D.punished26.

A.similar B.strong C.bitter D.common27.

A.creative B.healthy C.energetic D.perfect28.

A.happened B.continued C.changed D.disappeared29.

A.time B.war C.safety D.friend30.

A.gatheredround B.movedoff C.brokeup D.wentaway31.

A.weakest B.closest C.lowest D.best32.

A.work B.study C.politics D.sport33.

A.satisfying B.feeling C.controlling D.reducing34.

A.suffer B.escape C.graduate D.separate35.

A.Patience B.Belief C.Devotion D.Success四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.Tabletennisfirst（1）______（appear）duringVictorianEngland.Tabletennisdidn'tbecomeacompetitivesportuntil1988.Nowtabletennisnotonlyisamatterofcompetition，butalsoprovidesanopportunityforpeopletoplaytogethernomatterwhattheiragesare.Thereisadayforpeople（2）______lovetabletennistospreadtheirloveforthesport.It（3）______（call）WorldTableTennisDay.

TheInternationalTableTennisFederationhastakentabletennistoa（4）______（complete）newlevel.ITTFtriestomaketabletennispopulararoundtheworld.（5）______（achieve）thisgoal，in2015ITTTFcreatedWorldTableTennisDaytogetpeopleinterested（6）______tabletennis.Sincethenithasbeencelebratingthedaysothatmorepeoplecanlearnabout（7）______sport.

WorldTableTennisDayiscelebratedby（8）______（organize）activitiesinthestreets，clubs，bars，schools，workplacesetc.Peoplecanregisterforallthese（9）______（event）ontheInternettojoinintheworldwidecelebration.Ifyou'relookingforotherwaystocelebrateWorldTableTennisDay，youcanchoosetowatch（10）______（excite）tabletennisgamesonTVonthedayandtellyourfriendswhatdayitis.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.為了幫助學(xué)生更多了解新型冠狀病毒肺炎（NCP），學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)了復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬華山醫(yī)院（HuashanHospitalAffiliatedtoFudanUniversity）的張文宏教授在線作講座。假如你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給提示，代表學(xué)生會(huì)用英語寫一則通知，要點(diǎn)包括：

（1）主講人；

（2）講座時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；

（3）參加對(duì)象；

（4）注意事項(xiàng)（下載釘釘；安裝軟件；掃描QR代碼…）。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100詞左右，標(biāo)題和結(jié)尾已為你寫好。

（2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

（3）參考詞匯與詞組：下載釘釘downloadDingtalk；

辦公應(yīng)用軟件officeapplication；安裝install；掃描QR代碼scantheQRcode

NOTICE______

StudentUnion38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)為150詞左右。

HernamewasMrsThompson.Andasshestoodinfrontofthe5thgradeclassontheveryfirstdayshelookedatherstudentsandsaidthatshelovedthemallthesame.ButthatwasimpossiblebecausethereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.MrsThompsonhadwatchedTeddytheyearbeforeandnoticedthathedidn'tplaywellwiththeotherchildren,thathisclothesweremessyandthatheconstantlyneededabath.ShepaidnoattentiontoTeddy.

However,whenshereadhisfile,shewasinsurprise.Teddy'sfirstgradeteacherwrote,"Teddyisabrightchildwithareadylaugh.Hedoeshisworkneatlyandhasgoodmanners...heisthejoytobearound."Hissecondgradeteacherwrote,"Teddyisanexcellentstudent,welllikedbyhisclassmates.Butheistroubledbecausehismotherhasadeadlyillnessandlifeathomemustbeastruggle."Histhirdgradeteacherwrote,"Hismother'sdeathhasbeenhardonhim.Hetriedtodohisbestbuthisfatherdoesn'tshowmuchinterest."Teddy'sfourthgradeteacherwrote,"Teddyiswithdrawnanddoesn'tshowmuchinterestinschool.Hedoesn'thavemanyfriendsandsometimessleepsinclass."Bynow,MrsThompsonrealizedtheproblemandshewasashamedofherself.Shethoughtthatshecouldmakeadifference.

ShefeltevenworsewhenherstudentsbroughtherChristmaspresents,wrappedinbeautifulpaperandtiedwithprettyribbons,exceptforTeddy's.Hispresentwasclumsilywrappedintheheavy,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.MrsThompsonopeneditinthemiddleoftheotherpresents.Someofthechildrenstartedtolaughwhenshefoundastonebracelet（手鐲）withsomeofthestonesmissing,andabottlethatwasone-quarterfullofperfume（香水）.

注意：

1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1：

MrsThompson,whosevoicechokedupwithtears,thankedherstudentsfortheirpresents._________.

Paragraph2：

Tenyearslater,TeddyinvitedMrsThompsontoattendhisweddingashismother._________.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GraduateDataAnalyst（數(shù)據(jù)分析管培生）部分中FollowingarecentreorganisationwithintheHolkerGroup，anewroleofGraduateDataAnalystistobecreatedtosupporttheHolkerGroupReportingFunction.（在霍爾克集團(tuán)最近進(jìn)行重組后，將設(shè)立一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)分析管培生職位，以支持霍爾克報(bào)告職能部門。）可知，選項(xiàng)C"數(shù)據(jù)分析管培生"適合霍爾克想要的工作。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Salary：￡20-25kdependentonexperience（工資：20-25000英鎊，取決于經(jīng)驗(yàn)）可知，工資根據(jù)個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)而不同，排除A項(xiàng)；根據(jù)Hours：Normalofficehoursare9：00amto5：00pmbutthepersonappointed（委任的）willberequiredtoworkextrahoursthatarereasonablyrequiredtoachievetheirduties.（時(shí)間：正常辦公時(shí)間為上午9：00至下午5：00，但被任命的人員將被要求額外工作以完成其職責(zé)。）可知，被任命的人員工作時(shí)間將會(huì)超過八小時(shí)，B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)StaffBenefits（員工福利）：●YearlyLeave●CompanyPension●CompanyDiscounts●FreeOn-siteparking（●年假●公司養(yǎng)老金●公司折扣●免費(fèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)停車）可知，公司有年假，但未說明是否是帶薪年假，排除D項(xiàng)；文中提到免費(fèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)停車而不是室外免費(fèi)停車，排除C項(xiàng)。故選C。

（3）文章出處題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題JOBS

AT

HOLKER（霍爾克招聘），以及倒數(shù)第二段PleaseapplyprovidingyourCV（簡(jiǎn)歷）andcoveringlettertoGlynBiggs–Glyn@holker.co.ukorbymailtoTheEstateOffice，Cark-in-Cartmel，Grange-over-Sands，CumbriaLA117PH（請(qǐng)向GlynBiggs–Glyn@holker.co.uk申請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┖?jiǎn)歷和求職信或郵寄至坎布里亞州金沙莊園CarkinCartmel的地產(chǎn)辦公室，郵編：117PH）可知，該文章出自公司網(wǎng)站。A.An

application

letter.申請(qǐng)信；B.A

company

website.公司網(wǎng)站；C.An

academic

article.學(xué)術(shù)文章；D.A

science

report.一份科學(xué)報(bào)告。故選B。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了關(guān)于霍爾克集團(tuán)招聘數(shù)據(jù)分析管培生的具體要求，工資待遇及聯(lián)系方式等。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。

4~7.【答案】C、D、B、A【解析】（1）C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第一段末尾句內(nèi)容"I

felt

the

drum

rolled

in

my

heart．（我感覺到鼓在我心里滾來滾去．）"可知，作者很緊張．A．Excited激動(dòng)的，B．Relaxed放松的，C．Nervous緊張的，D．Confident自信的．C項(xiàng)符合語境．故選C．

（2）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容"However，it

was

an

indescribable

feeling

to

drive

a

200-mile

round

trip

get

up

very

early

on

a

freezing

Saturday

morning，and

yet

still

finish

fourth

out

of

four

competitors

in

my

group．（然而，在一個(gè)寒冷的周六早上很早起床，駕車往返200英里，卻在我們組的四名選手中名列第四，這是一種難以言表的感覺．）"可知，作者在本組選手中位列末尾名次．選項(xiàng)D"He

was

bottom

of

his

group．（他是他那組的最后一名．）"與原文信息表達(dá)一致．故選D．

（3）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容"Lincoln

had

many

failures，but

he

never

allowed

them

to

defeat

his

spirit

or

ambition，so

I

was

not

going

to

give

upon

a

second

contest!（林肯有過很多失敗，但是他從來沒有讓失敗打敗他的精神和雄心，所以我不打算在第二次比賽中放棄!）"可知，是林肯的精神鼓舞了作者再次參加比賽．故選B．

（4）A．標(biāo)題歸納題．通過閱讀可知，文章為記敘文，結(jié)構(gòu)為分總結(jié)構(gòu)，主要講述了作者認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備演講比賽后還是輸?shù)袅吮荣悾謧?，他用林肯的話和?jīng)歷來鼓勵(lì)自己正確面對(duì)生活中的失敗，在文章末尾點(diǎn)明文章主旨"Through

learning

stories

about

Lincoln，I

discovered

that

I

can

fail

successfully．（通過學(xué)習(xí)林肯的故事，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我也可以成功地失?。?選項(xiàng)A"Learn

to

fail

successfully（學(xué)會(huì)成功地失敗）"貼合主旨要義，可作最佳標(biāo)題．故選A．

這是一篇記敘文．文章主要講述了作者認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備演講比賽后還是輸?shù)袅吮荣悾謧?，他用林肯的話和?jīng)歷來鼓勵(lì)自己正確面對(duì)生活中的失敗：學(xué)會(huì)成功地失?。?/p>

了解文章的主要論題的關(guān)鍵是找到全文的主旨句．對(duì)于記敘文來說，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一般為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)或分總結(jié)構(gòu)，因此，主旨句有時(shí)在首段，但也有主旨句出現(xiàn)在末尾的時(shí)候．出現(xiàn)在末尾的主旨句是對(duì)文章主題的升華，由此判斷標(biāo)題會(huì)更加準(zhǔn)確．

8~11.【答案】A、A、C、D【解析】（1）A.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thepricenearlydoubled,

toadollarand

8

cents,

bytheendofschoolinJune.????????????到6月份放學(xué)時(shí)，價(jià)格幾乎翻了一番，達(dá)到1美元8美分。第二段Asaresult,

schoolsarelookingforwaystoreducetransportationcosts.??????????因此，學(xué)校正在尋找降低交通成本的方法。由此可判斷本文主要講的是不斷增長(zhǎng)的油價(jià)，讓很多的地方的校車都在減少，引起了一系列的影響和變化。故選A.

（2）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句"The

American

School

Bus

Council

says

cuts

in

bus

service

are

bad

for

children

and

possibly

the

environment."可知，這個(gè)美國(guó)校車委員會(huì)表示校車服務(wù)的減少對(duì)兒童以及環(huán)境都是有壞處的。由此可見，校車服務(wù)的減少會(huì)帶來消極的結(jié)果。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，故選A，

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的第四句"Bus

routes

are

being

redrawn

or,

in

some

cases,

canceled."和第五句"Some

areas

are

buying

buses

that

use

natural

gas

or

other

alternative

fuels."可知，校車路線被再次規(guī)劃，或者在某些情況下，被取消。一些地區(qū)將購買使用天然氣或者其他替代燃料的公交車。由此可見，為了減少交通成本，很多學(xué)校采取了改變一些校車路線，取消一些校車路線，或者使用其他燃料。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C表達(dá)的是"要求父母開車送孩子上下學(xué)"，這并未提及。故選C。

（4）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的第四句"The

goal

is

to

increase

physical

activity

and

reduce

air

pollution."可知，這個(gè)目的是為了提高體能活動(dòng)并且減少空氣污染。由此可見，國(guó)家安全上學(xué)路線中心鼓勵(lì)更多的孩子走路或者騎車去上學(xué)是為了保持孩子們的健康和干凈的環(huán)境。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知答案選D.

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述校車由于柴油價(jià)格的增長(zhǎng)被做調(diào)整甚至取消，這將可能對(duì)學(xué)生不利，但是也可能讓跟多的學(xué)生選擇走路或者騎車上學(xué)。

考查社會(huì)文化類閱讀理解。做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。

12~15.【答案】A、A、A、B【解析】（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"But

a

team

of

researchers

from

the

University

of

Washington

have

managed

to

build

a

live-streaming

wireless

camera

that's

so

small

that

even

an

insect

can

wear

it."

（但華盛頓大學(xué)的一組研究人員已經(jīng)成功制造出了一種無線實(shí)時(shí)攝像裝置，它非常小，連昆蟲都可以戴上它。）

可知，這種新攝像頭既小又輕。故選A項(xiàng)。

（2）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Their

large

compound

eyes

can

not

only

detect

motion

across

a

wide

field

of

view

（

it's

whythey're

so

difcult

to

hit

）

but

also

feature

a

small,high-resolution

（分辨率）

region

that

can

focus

on

their

targets,which

helpsreduce

the

load

on

their

tiny

brains."（它們的大復(fù)眼不僅可以在廣闊的視野中檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)（這就是為什么它們很難被擊中），而且還具有一個(gè)小的、高分辨率的區(qū)域，可以聚焦在它們的目標(biāo)上，這有助于減少它們微小的大腦的負(fù)荷。）可知，研究人員為攝像機(jī)從蒼蠅身上學(xué)習(xí)到的是如何擴(kuò)大攝像機(jī)的視野。故選A項(xiàng)。

（3）A.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"The

camera

can

run

for

up

to

two

hours,but

to

extend

that,the

researchers

indluded

anaccelerometer

so

that

it's

only

capturing

and

broadcasting

images

whenever

the

beetle

is

moving

That

can

increase

the

camera'sbattery

life

to

over

six

hours."

（這種相機(jī)可以運(yùn)行兩個(gè)小時(shí)，但為了延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，研究人員還安裝了一個(gè)加速計(jì)，這樣它就只在甲蟲移動(dòng)的時(shí)候捕捉和播放圖像，這樣相機(jī)的電池壽命就可以延長(zhǎng)到六個(gè)小時(shí)以上。）

可知，這種電池只是暫時(shí)的，研究人員還在改進(jìn)中，而A項(xiàng)casual臨時(shí)的，非正式的，符合題意。A.casual隨意的；B.adequate充足的；C.beneficial有益的；D.unsatisfactory不滿意的。故選A項(xiàng)。

（4）B.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"The

researchers

acknowledge

that

their

design

certainly

raises

some

privacy

concerns,givenhow

easy

it

is

for

insects

to

find

their

way

into

your

home."

（研究人員承認(rèn)，他們的設(shè)計(jì)確實(shí)引起了一些隱私問題

，因?yàn)槔ハx很容易找到進(jìn)入你家的路。）

以及最后一句"But

the

camera

could

provide

entomologists

（昆蟲學(xué)者）

with

new

insights

into

howinsects

cross

their

environment,respond

to

threats

in

the

wild,and

even

provide

a

dloser

look

at

their

social

structures."（但這架相機(jī)可以讓昆蟲學(xué)家對(duì)昆蟲如何穿越環(huán)境、如何應(yīng)對(duì)野外威脅有新的認(rèn)識(shí)

，甚至可以更仔細(xì)地觀察昆蟲的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。）可以推知雖然這款相機(jī)可能會(huì)侵犯人類的隱私，但也對(duì)昆蟲研究起一些幫助?？梢钥闯鲎髡邔?duì)這款攝像機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)仍懷有懷疑態(tài)度。A.Critical批評(píng)的；B.Doubtful懷疑的；C.Favorable有利的；D.Objective客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了GoPro公司新研發(fā)的一種小到可以使昆蟲攜帶的無線實(shí)時(shí)攝像頭，并介紹了它的功能及原理和所存在的一些缺陷。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料。

其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。

要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性。對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

16~20.【答案】G、F、E、C、D【解析】（1）-（5）GFECD

（1）G．聯(lián)系上文題．根據(jù)上文Miraclesdohappenifyoutry．Accordingtostudies，walkingamongtreesmakesusrelaxed．如果你努力的話，奇跡確實(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生．根據(jù)研究，在樹林中散步可以讓我們放松．可知說的是在樹林中散步對(duì)情緒的影響，G選項(xiàng)：即使只是聞一聞樹的味道也有助于減輕焦慮．意思相符，故選G．

（2）F．推理判斷題．根據(jù)上文butmostoftheresearchhasfocusedonadults．但大多數(shù)研究都集中在成年人身上．可知下文可能說對(duì)兒童的研究，根據(jù)下文Explainingthemotivationbehindthestudy，…andthefutureoftheplanetliesinthehandsofchildrenandtheiractions．However，fewstudiesfocusonthisaspect．，解釋這項(xiàng)研究的動(dòng)機(jī)…，地球的未來掌握在孩子們的手中，掌握在他們的行動(dòng)中．然而，很少有研究關(guān)注這一方面．根據(jù)下一段Forthestudy，researchersworkedwith206childrenbetweentheagesof5and15．在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員對(duì)206名5至15歲的兒童進(jìn)行了研究．可知F選項(xiàng)：在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，研究人員想看看孩子們是否能從戶外得到同樣的好處．意思相符，故選F．

（3）E．聯(lián)系下文題．根據(jù)下文Theyalsofoundthatthemoreconcernedchildrenwereabouttheenvironmentandnature，themorelikelytheyweretobehappy．他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們對(duì)環(huán)境和自然越關(guān)心，他們就越可能快樂．可知講述了大自然對(duì)孩子的影響，alsofound是關(guān)鍵詞，可知前面還有found，E選項(xiàng)：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與大自然有聯(lián)系的孩子更有可能舉止得體．意思相符，故選E．

（4）C．聯(lián)系上文題．根據(jù)上文

when

adults

are

outside

and

appreciate

nature，kids

learn

by

example．當(dāng)成年人在外面欣賞大自然時(shí)，孩子們會(huì)以此為例來模仿．可知C選項(xiàng)：如果父母喜歡親近自然，他們的孩子也會(huì)喜歡．意思相符，故選C．

（5）D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)上文Researchers

say

that

children

need

role

models

who

can

gently

guide

them

to

nature

with

excitement

and

an

attitude

of

a

lifelong

learner．研究人員說，孩子們需要榜樣，他們能帶著興奮和終身學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度，溫和地引導(dǎo)他們走向自然．而下文What's

more

important

is

that

they

spend

time

together

with

children

by

exploring

a

fun

and

safe

environment．更重要的是，他們花時(shí)間和孩子們一起探索一個(gè)有趣和安全的環(huán)境．可知這個(gè)榜樣是父母，他們只是一起探索大自然，不必是專業(yè)人士，可知D選項(xiàng)：父母不必是環(huán)境科學(xué)或自然研究方面的專家．意思相符，故選D．

本文講述有大量的研究表明，身處大自然會(huì)讓我們放松，但大多數(shù)研究都集中在成年人身上，本文介紹了大自然與孩子的關(guān)系．

關(guān)于七選五的做題步驟：

步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍七個(gè)備選答案，先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置．通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾．不同位置的句子有不同的特征．

步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)．

步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意．

步驟四：注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞．

步驟五：區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)．

21~35.【答案】A、B、D、B、A、C、D、C、B、C、D、B、A、C、D【解析】（1）A.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.afford支付得起；B.deliver傳送；C.break打破；D.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文She

worked

long

hours

every

night

to

support

the

family可知她每天晚上長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作來養(yǎng)家。說明當(dāng)我小的時(shí)候，母親買不起一塊50分的巧克力。故選A。

（2）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.permitted允許；B.pushed推；C.invited邀請(qǐng)；D.warned提醒。句意：我的母親無私地推動(dòng)著我為成功而戰(zhàn)。故選B。

（3）D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.independent獨(dú)立的；B.peaceful和平的；C.interesting有趣的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據(jù)上句my

mother

selflessly（2）me

to

fight

for

success可知我的母親無私地推動(dòng)著我為成功而戰(zhàn)，以致于我能過上一種舒適的生活。故選D。

（4）B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.Instead相反地；B.Still仍然；C.Otherwise不然的話；D.Thus因此。句意：母親每晚工作長(zhǎng)時(shí)候后仍然找時(shí)間和我們玩。故選B。

（5）A.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.educated教育；B.blamed懲罰；C.observed觀察；D.punished懲罰。根據(jù)上文she

would

find

time

to（5）with

my

sister，Emily，and

me.可知母親每晚工作長(zhǎng)時(shí)候后仍然找時(shí)間和我們玩。說明雖然我沒有兩個(gè)父母，但是我如那般被愛和教育。故選A。

（6）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.similar相似的；B.strong強(qiáng)壯的；C.b