2020年虹口區(qū)高三英語二模試卷及答案

虹口區(qū)2019學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)能力診斷測試高三英語試卷2020.4考生注意：.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上,在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.ToaskforleaveB.Tocancelaflight.C.Tomakeanapology.D.Toputoffameeting.A.He'llcomeoverandmakeaphonecall.B.He'llgoforajobinterview.C.He'llmakeanadvertisement.D.He'llfindthepositioninthenewspaper.A.Thehandlecan'tbereplacedThere'snohandleforthesuitcase.Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.A.Worthwhile.B.MeaningfulC.Incredible.D.ExcitingA.TheyarebothtoblameTheyaredifficulttoplease.TheyusedtobegodfriendsTheycanmanagetogetalongA.Themancanreadinthelibrarywithoutalibrarycard.Themanhastoleavebeforehegetsalibrarycard.Thewomanwilllendthemanherlibrarycard.Alibrarycardisamustforeveryonethere.A.HewillgiveuplearningFrenchgrammar.HefindsitdifficulttolearnFrenchgrammar.LearningFrenchisaseasyaslearningEnglish.HefeelslearningFrenchdifficultbutrewarding.A.BothofthemwillwatchthegametogetherThewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticketThemancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.Thewomandoesn'tlikewatchingthegameonTV.A.Thewomanwillmakethelinesshorter.Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.Themanlacksself-confidenceinplayingthepart.Thewomanwilltrytohelpthemanrememberthelines.A.Artificiallightingwilldoharmtopeople.ThemanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoorsPeopleworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.Workinglongmakespeopleconfusedaywithnight.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralpassagesandlongerconversations,aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Someworkerstalktothebossdirectly.Workersinallcompaniesgetafixedpayriseeveryyear.Allworkersgetapayriseorabonusforachievingagoal.Partoftheworkersgetapayincreaseasarewardfortheireffort.A.Itisacommonpractice.Ifyoudon'task,youdon'tget.Itshowsyourloyaltytothecompany.Whatyouexpectstandsfortheboss'ambition.A.TalkingtoyourHumanResourcesdepartment.Askingforflexibleworkinghours.Offeringmorereasonsforit.Negotiatinganothersum.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Bothpolarregionsarefloatingonarocksurface.Bothpolarregionsaresurroundedbyfreshwaterice.TheconditionsintheAntarcticarebetterthanthatofArctic.TherearemoremarinespeciesintheArcticthanintheAntarctic.A.Plants.B.LandC.Temperature.D.Water.A.Therearemoresimilaritiesthandifferencesinbothpolarregions.TheArcticandAntarcticaregeologicallyandbiologicallydifferent.BoththeArcticandAntarcticarenotsuitableforanimalstosurvive.Thedifferenceofbothpolarregionsleadstothediversityonourplanet.Questions17and18arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Heismostlikelytohavetragicillnessandtakerisks.Hewillprobablyfeeldiscouragedandruinhislife.Hewillnolongeradapttodifficultjobsituations.Hewillneverachievegreatsuccessinwork.A.HopeisthesensethateverythinghasapowerfulsignHopeisameasurableadvantageinvariousaspectsoflife.Hopeiswhatsetsintelligenceandacademicachievementsapart.Differentlevelsofhopecanindicatepeople'sfuturesuccessorfailureA.Becausetheyhavegreaterambitionstostrivefor.Becausetheyareusuallywithhigherintelligence.Becausetheyhavebiggeracademicachievements.BecausetheyhavebettergradepointsinhighschoolA.Believetheyhavethewillandknowhowtoachievetheirgoals.Resettheirgoalsaccordingtotheirperformances.Believeeverythingwillturnoutallright.Measuretheirhopelevelsfrequently.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfromofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowCanYouLookYourBestinPhotos?Haveyoueverseenapictureofyourselfandfeltembarrassedbywhatyousaw?Actually,itsreallyall(21)(tie)tohowwerespondtothecamera.Withthefollowingtips,you’resuretolookyourbest.No.1StudyPhotosofYourselfThefirststepinsimple:learnfromthepast.Youneedtoknowhowyoulookinphotosbeforeyoucanimprove.Gathersomeoldpicturestogether,(22)theymakeyouashamedalittle.Nowlookoverhowyourbodyisplacedinthepicturesandthinkforawhile.(23)(analyze)alltheseoldphotos,youcanfindafewnaturalposesyoucanuseinthefuture.No.2PracticeinFrontofaMirrorNowthatwhatworksforyouinphotos(24)(figure)out,startusingwhatyodvelearnedfromyouroldpictures,practicinginfrontofmirror.Workonyourfavoritesandyou’llbeabletomentallypickoutaposeinthefuture-(25)amirror.Onethingthatgoesgreatwithaniceposeisamatchingsmile,sotryoutseveralsmileuntilyoufindonethatfits.Youshouldconsider(26)aclosedoranopen-mouthedsmilelooksbetter.No.3Say“Money”We,reusedtosaying“Cheese”,butthisonlycreatesafakesmile.Abandonthecheeseandtryouttheword“Money”instead.Theending'ey'istheverysound(27)forcesthecornersofyourmouthupwardandcreatesafoldaroundyoureyes.Theresultisamorenatural,realisticsmile.Anothergreattricktopreventatoo-widesmile(28)(happen)isplacingyourtongueonthebackofyourfrontteeth.No.4ChoosetheRightLightingGettingsomesunnyphotosonabrightdaymakesyoulookgoodapictures.Butinreality,thesuncanoftencreateunpleasantshadowsthatare(29)butattractive.Standingrightunderanindoorlightwillhavethesameeffectasthesun,whichisalsoworthy(30)(mention),storyasourceofnaturallightinstead,suchasawindow.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.highlightsB.scaleC.behavioralD.professionalE.anxietyF.scoringG.respectivelyH.exhibitsI.preventiveJ.monitoringK.mindfullyAnEffectiveApproachtoDepressiveDisorderNoonecanbehappyandcheerfulforever.Soit'simportanttheyseeamental-health—31—whocanprovideeffectiveoptionsfortreatmentwhensomeonehasclinicaldepressionknownasthestateoffeelingverysad,anxiousandwithouthope.Butthere'salsoaconditionknownassubthresholddepressioninwhichsomeone_32—somesymptomsofdepressivedisorder,butnotenoughforaclinicaldiagnosis.It,sestimatedthatbetween10%and24%ofthepopulationhasthiskindofmilddepressionatsomepointintheirlives.Andforthosepeople,anewstudysuggeststhatpracticingthinking—33—insilencemayhelpimprovetheirmoodandreducetheirriskofdevelopingdepression.Thestudy,publishedintheAnnalsofFamilyMedicine,—34—yetanotherreasonwhydeepthinkingmaybegoodforbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Thestudyincluded231Chineseadultswithsubthresholddepression,meaningtheir_35—betweenfiveandnineoutofatotalof27pointsonastandarddepression_36—.Halfreceivedmindfulnesstrainingtwohoursaweekforeightweeks,whiletheotherhalfcontinuedtoreceivetheirusualmedicalcare.Duringthemindfulnesstraining,participantswereinstructedonsettingshort-andlong-termgoals;—37—theiractivityandmood;planningouttheiractivities;andbodyscanning.Theywereaskedtopracticethemathomeatleastsixdaysaweek.Thesetechniquescombinetraditionaldeepthinkingwith_38—activation,atypeoftherapythatusesan“outsidein“approachtohelppeoplechangethewaytheyactandaimstoincreaserewardingexperiencesintheirlives.Ithasbeenshowntobeeffectiveformoderatetoseveredepressioninotherstudies,andtheresearcherswantedtoknowifitwouldworkasa_39—measureaswell.Attheendofthoseeightweeks,thegroupthatreceivedmindfulnesstrainingreportedasignificantdecreaseindepressionand_40—symptomscomparedtothegroupthatdidnot.Andnoparticipantshaddevelopedclinicaldepression.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Foryears,lifewentsomethinglikethis;We,dgrowupinoneplace,headofftocollege,thenfindacitytoliveinforafewyearstopursueajoborhighereducation.Theendgoalwastofindsomewhereto_41—forthelongtrip,buyahouse,makeafewfriends,startafamily,andbeginthewhole_42—alloveragain.Butanewmodelforlivingisemerging;Somepeopleareincreasinglychoosingtomovefromcitytocitythroughouttheirentirelives,sometimesas_43—aseverymonth.JustaskAlexChatzielefteriou,whohashadafront-rowseatwatchingthisevolution_44—andbelievesinthehugeimpactitismakingorwillmakeontheindustryconcerned.Sixyearsago,he—45—astart-upwhichisnowcalledBlue-groundthatrentsoutbeautiful-designed,—46—apartmentsforamonthatatime,atratesthatarecheaperthanhotels.Today,thecompanyhas3,000—47—insixU.S.cities,alongwithDubai,Istanbul,London,Paris,andAlex,snativeAthens,andastaffof400.Thecompanyjust_48—$50millioninSeriesBfunding,bringitstotalinvestmentto$78million,tocontinueitsrepaid_49—.Ithopestohave50,000estatesin50citiesoverthenextthreeyears,andthegoalistomakeeachonefeeluniqueandcomfortable,ratherthan_50—,likewhatyoumightfindinatraditionalhotel.AlexfirstcameupwiththeideaforBlue-groundwhilehewasworkingasamanagementconsultantforMcKinsey,“The_51—ofchoiceforconsultantsisthehotel,“hesays.“Ihadtospendfiveyearsinahotelroom,—52—intwelvedifferentcities.Ilovedseeingtheworld,butIdidn,tlovefeelinglikeIdidn,thaveahome.”Ashespoketohisfriendsandcoworkers,herealizedthatmanypeopleburiedthemselvesin_53—duetothisdriftinglifestylethatmeantlivinggoutofasuitcaseinthesamefewnon-descripthotelchainsthatallbegantomixtogetherratherthaninthe“home”fulloftheirownmemories.—54—,Alexfoundthehotelsaren,tparticularlycost-effectivesolutionforcompanies,either.—55—,McKinseysometimespaid$10,000ormoreforhimtostayinamajorcityforamonth,whichwasfarmoreexpensivethanlocalrents.Isthisnewlivingmodelsomethingthatwillreallytakeoff?Orisitjustanotherflashinthepan?Let'swaitandsee.

41.A.moveoutB.settledownC.lookaroundD.showup42.A.styleB.rhythmC.cycleD.trend43.A.rarelyB.frequentlyC.occasionallyD.unusually44.A.unfoldB.recoverC.improveD.shrink45.A.completedB.involvedC.launchedD.overtook46.A.fully-furnishedB.poorly-equippedC.ideally-suitedD.newly-decorated47.A.landmarksB.vacanciesC.propertiesD.terminals48.A.depositedB.reservedC.grantedD.obtained49.A.distributionB.expansionC.combinationD.stimulation50.A.casualB.specialC.normalD.irregular51.A.attendanceB.residenceC.destinationD.accommodation52.A.wanderingB.touringC.observingD.exploring53.A.threatB.guiltC.dangerD.frustration54.A.MoreoverB.NeverthelessC.BrieflyD.Consequently55.A.InasenseB.InhiscaseC.OnthesceneD.OnhisoccasionSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)We,veallheardthestoriesofanactor’sstrugglesbeforeacareerbreakthrough:livingahardlife,workingparttime,beingacouchpotatobeforegettingthatmajorrole.Shelby,thestarof“ADog,sWayHome,”hasahard-lucktalethatcouldtopthemall.Beforeherbigbreak,shewaslivinginalandfill,rootingthroughgarbageforhernextmeal.Shelby,sbigbreakcameinApril2017,whenanimal-controlofficerMeganBuhlerwasdrivinginCheathamCounty.Tennessee.Outonanunrelatedcall,Buhlerspottedandapproachedwhatsherecalledwasanoticeablyscaredpuppyemergingfromthedump.“Ikneltdownandjustsaid,‘Oh,comehere,baby,'"saidBuhler.“Shewassoscared,butshecamerightuptome,andIwasabletoputherinmytruck."Thepairheadedtothecountyanimalshelter,wherethestaffbegancallingthenewresidentBabyGirl.Buhlerandothersdidn'tknowthat3,200kilometersaway,HollywoodwaslookingforadogtoplayBellainafilmwrittenbyCathrynMichon.Thefind-a-BellajobwenttofreelancetrainerTeresaAnnMiler.HermissionwastosearchsheltersnationwideforadogthatcouldplayBella.Oneday,MillerspottedBabyGirl'sadoptionphoto.“Honestly,itwasareallygoodpicture,andshewasflat-outsmiling,"Millersaid.ThenshemetBabyGirl,andassessedheronpersonalityandtheabilitytorespondtosimplecommands.Afterassessment,sheadoptedBabyGirlfromtheshelter,renamedherShelbyandtookhertoCaliforniafortraining.MillerandShelbytrainedforjustoverthreemonthsbeforefilmingbegan.Thentheyweretogethereachdayontheset.Mostofthefilm'sreviewshavepraisedShelby'sperformance.Varietymadethecomments“anamazingdog,perfectperformance!”Shelbyhascomealongwayfromthedump.ButBuhlersaidshesawShelbyrecentlyhadneededonlyasecondtocomparethemoviestarwiththedogshefoundfrompilesoftrash.“She'sexactlythesame,"Buhlersaid.Whydoestheauthormentionanactor'sstrugglebeforeacareerbreakthroughattheverybeginning?Tomakeasharpcontrastbetweenanactor5sstruggleandadog'sstruggle.Tointroduceadog'ssimilarbutevenmorestrikingexperiences.C.Toattractreader,sattentionbygivingdramaticexamples.D.Toclearlypointoutthemainideaofthepassage.WhatfinallyhelpedBabyGirlgetthebigroleinthefilm?A.Heradoptionpicture. B.Herflat-outsmiling.C.herpersonalityandability.D.Hermiserableexperiences.Bysaying“Sheisexactlythesame”inthelastparagraph,Buhlerprobablymeans .thedogreturnedtothepilesoftrashwhereshefounditittookquitealotoftroubleforthedogtochangeherownfate.she,sreallyexcitedtoseethedogshehelpedlivesuchahappylifethedramaticchangeofthedog,slifehasn,tchangedherinnerqualityWhatdoyouthinkmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheSuccessof“ADog'sWayHome”. B.FromaLandfillPuppytoaMovieStar.C.TheTrainerandHerStarDog. D.Shelby,sHard-luckStory.(B)TipsforTakingOnlineClassesIfyou'reconsideringtakingonlinecollegecourses,thetipsandadvicebelowcanhelpyouaddresstheiruniquechallengestogetthemostvalueoutofyouronlineprogram.HoldyourselfaccountableWithoutprofessorsactivelyremindingyou,it,suptoyoutomakesureyou,vesetasideenoughtimetocompleteassignedwork.Ifyou7rehavingtroubleholdingyourselfaccountable,pairupwithafellowclassmate.Bybeingorganizedandself-aware,youcangetthemostfromyouronlineclass.Practicetimemanagement.Theflexibilitytocreateyourownscheduleisoftenoneofthebiggestappealsoftakingonlineclasses.Butthatfreedomcanalsobedetrimentalifyoudonothavesolidtimemanagementskills.Withoutthem,youmightfindyourselfcrammingbeforeclassesorhandinginpoor-qualityassignments.Makenoteofmajorassignments.Markthemonacalendaryoucheckregularlysoyouknowwhatworkloadiscomingintheweeksahead.Createaweeklyschedulethatyoufollow,designatingcertainhourseachweektoreading,watchinglectures,completingassignments,studying,andparticipatinginforums.Whenworkingonyourassignments,trytime-blocking,distributingyourselfacertainamountoftimeforeachtaskbeforemovingontothenextoneandsettingatimertokeepyouaccountable.EliminatedistractionsRegardlessofwhereyouchoosetowork,considerturningyourcellphoneofftoavoidlosingfocuseverytimeatextmessageornotificationpopsup.Andifyou'restillhavingtroubleresistingthetemptationtocheckyouremailorsurftheweb,trydownloadingawebsiteblocker.UsingapplicationslikeColdTurkeyandFreedomcanhelpeliminatedistractionsbyblockingtheappsorwebsitesthattendtocompleteforyourattention,suchasFacebookandTwitter.Onlineclassesareanexcellentoptiontohelpyouearnthatdegreeyouneedtofulfillyourgoalssuchasjobpromotion.Thoughtheycomewiththeirownuniquechallenges,followingtheadviceabovecanhelpyoubesuccessfuleveninthemostchaoticoftimes.Whichofthefollowingwayskeepsyoufromholdingyourselfaccountable?A.Surfingwebsitesthatcompleteforyourattention.Writingdownschedulesregularlyonacalender.Settingatimerforthetaskbeingcompleted.Findingaclassmateformutualsupervision.Howcanyoueliminatedistractionswhenhavingonlineclasses?A.Byignoringnotificationthatpopsup.B.Bydownloadingawebsiteblocker.C.Byavoidinglosingfocus. D.Bytryingtime-blocking.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.awebsiteblockerisusedforeffectivelyfilteringuselesswebsitesmakingnoteofassignmentshelpsyoufigureoutwhatworkloadcomesfirstweeklyscheduleinvolvesdesignatingcertainhourstodifferentdailyroutinestimemanagementskillshelpyouoptimizetheflexibilitytocreateyourschedule(C)ThepoetLovelleDrachmanoncesaid,“blessedarethecurious,fortheyshallhaveadventures.”,whichiscertainlytrueofpeoplewithwanderlust.‘Wanderlust,isderivedfromaGermanwordmeaning‘a(chǎn)loveofhiking,andnowusedtodescribetheburningdesiretoescapetheeverydayandexploretheunfamiliar.Wanderlustisacommon,butnotuniversalexperience.Whatmakessomepeoplecatchthattravelbugwhileothersareapparentlyunaffected?Onetheoryistodowithourgenes.ScientificresearchhasidentifiedavariantoftheDRD4genethataffectssensitivitytodopamine(多巴胺)，theneuro-transmitteroftenreleasedinthebrainwhenwedosomethingweenjoy.Actually,it,snotthatthe7RversionoftheDRD4specificallycreatesathirstfortravel,butpeoplewiththe7Rvariantarelesssensitivetothatdeliciousdopaminehit.Sosimplethingsthatbringotherpeoplepleasure,likeajogintheparkoracheekychocolatetreat,mightnotcutitforthem,whichmakesthosewiththe7RtypeoftheDRD4genemorelikelytoberisktakerstogetincreaseddopaminelevels.That,swayDRD4-7Rhasbeencalledthewanderlustgene.Otherresearcheshavealsolinkedthesame7Rvarianttofarriskierbehaviours,suchasaddictionandoffensivebehaviour.Bycomparison,thestrongsuddendesiretogotravellingseemslikethebetterendoftheTheoryofEvolution.Butanothertheorylooksatthepsychologyoflivinginourinter-connectedhumansociety,oneinwhichweareconstantlyawareofwhatfriendsandsocialmediainfluencersaredoingandkeepcomparingourselvestothemintwodistinctways.Upwardssocialcomparisons,comparingourselvestothoseweseeasmoresuccessfulthanus.Anddownwardsocialcomparisons,comparingourselvestothoseweseeasworseoffthanus.Intheageofsocialmedia,it,sveryeasytocompareourselvesunfavourablywiththeidealizedversion.Howcanwecompetewithinfluencers,withtheirperfectlydarkbrownlegsonneatandcleanwhilesand,andtheironceinalifetimesunsetsoverMachuPicchu?Whetherthemotivationtoexploretheworldisgenetic,psychologicalorsomethingelse,therearefarmoreharmfulhobbiesthanthedesiretoexploretheworld.Venturingoutsideyourcomfortzone,tolearnaboutnewcultures,meetpeopleyoumightotherwiseneverhavehadthechancetomeet,andfinally,learnwhoyouareindifferentsituations.Soundslikealifewell-lived.AsthenovelistJackKerouacsaid,“Becauseintheend,youwon,trememberthetimeyouspentintheofficeormowingyourlawn.Climbthatgoddamnmountain”Theunderlinedphrase“catchthattravelbug”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoA.becrazyabouttravellingB.becuriousabouttravellingC.escapedailylifebytravellingD.experiencecommontravellingWhyarepeoplewiththe7RtypeoftheDRD4genemorelikelytohavewanderlust?A.Becausetheyaremorefascinatedbyrisksandunfamiliarthings.Becausethe7Rvariantcausethemtobelesssensitivedodopaminehit.Becausetheyhavecomparativelyhigherlevelofdopaminethanotherpeople.Becausethe7Rvariant,alsocalledwanderlustgene,helpscreateacravingfortravelling.Theauthorwillprobablyagreetothestatementthatawell-livedlifedoesn'tinvolveventuringoutsidecomfortablezonethe7Rvariantisinevitablylinkedwithsomemoreriskybehaviorsuchasaddictionpeopletendtoforgettheirdailyroutine,butadventuresreallyleavefootprintsintheirheartswhenpeoplecomparethemselveswithlesssuccessfulones,itmaygiverisetomixedfeelingsWhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Wanderlustanditstwomaincategories.Alessharmfulhobbyandanalysisofitsdifferentcause.Thedistinctionsbetweengenevariantsandsocialcomparisons.Physicalandpsychologicalreasonsforthedesiretoexploretheworld.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Therefore,manyteachershavebeenshiftingthefocusofactivityfromteachertolearners.Meanwhile,thosewhoareteacher-centeredshouldworktoengageandinvolvestudents.Inthetraditionalapproachtoteaching,mostclasstimeisspentwiththeteacherlecturingandthestudentswatchingandlistening.Thisapproachemphasizesavarietyofdifferenttypesofmethodsthatshifttheroleoftheinstructorsformgiversofinformationtofacilitatorsofstudentlearning.Inductivemethodsincludeinquiry-basedlearning,case-basedinstruction,problem-basedlearning,discoverylearning,andjust-in-timeteaching.Thethinkingthatteachingiseitherteacher-centeredorlearner-centeredbreakstheinseparableconnectionandisharmfultobothstudentsandteachers.Instructor-centeredorLearner-centered?WhetherintheEastorWest,thechiefbusinessoftraditionaleducationistopasstothenextgenerationtheskills,facts,andstandardsofmoralandsocialconductthatadultsconsidertobenecessaryforthenextgeneration,smaterialandsocialsuccess.Thestudentsworkindividuallyonassignments,andcooperationisdiscouraged.Theresultofthisemphasisonwhatinstructorsdoisthatstudentsmaybecomepassivelearnedanddonottakeresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.Educatorscallthistraditionalmethod“instructor-centeredteaching”.Incontrast,“l(fā)earner-centeredteaching”occurswheninstructorsfocusonstudentlearning.Itisanapproachtoteachingthatisincreasinglybeingencouragedinhighereducation.Thesemethodsincludeactivelearning,inwhichstudentssolveproblems,answerquestions,formulatequestionsoftheirown,discuss,explain,debate,orbrainstormduringclass;cooperativelearning,inwhichstudentsworkinteamsonproblemsandprojectsunderconditionsthatassurebothpositiveinterdependenceandindividualaccountability;andinductive（歸納法）teachingandlearning,inwhichstudentsarefirstpresentedwithchallengesandlearnthecousematerialinthecontextofaddressingthechallenges.Althoughlearner-centeredmethodshaverepeatedlybeenshowntobesuperiortothetraditionalteacher-centeredapproachtoinstruction,thebestteaching,accordingtoParkerPlamer,theauthorofTheCouragetoTeach,isnotoneortheother,butacombinationofboth. 69 Learner-centerdteachersstillneedtolecturebecauseteachersarethedefinitivecontentexpertsintheclassroomandtheknowledgeandexperiencesofteacherscanbeextremelyhelpfultostudents.70Theymustrecognizethatstudentscanlearnfromeachotherandthatthedeepestlearninghappenswhenstudentshavetheopportunitytopracticeandobtainfeedback.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.Coco-Cola,sInnovativeSolutiontoPlasticPollutionPlasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingproblemofthe21stCenturywithplasticwastealmosteverywhere.Itisestimatedthatjustin2016,theworldproducedover320milliontonsofplastic,andthisnumberissettodoubleby2034.Plasticwasteevenmakesitswayintoouroceanswith8millionpiecesofplasticpollutionperdaypollutingourwatersanddestroyingthehabitatforhundredsofspecies.Itisnowbelievedthattheremaybearound5.25trillionpiecesofplasticintheoceanweighingintotalupto269,000tons.It,sbeencrystalclearforalongtimethatthesituationishorribleandsomethingneedstobedone,andfast.Luckily,Coca-Colasteppeduptothechallengeandcameupwithoneinnovativeandrathereffectivesolution.ThefirmisreplacingitsplasticwrappinginEuropewithanewpaperboardtechnology.ThisnewtechiscalledtheKeelClipanditisafirstforthenon-alcoholready-to-drink(NARTD)industry.UsingKeelClips,Coca-Colaaimstoremoveallplasticwrapfromitscanmultipacksinall?EuropeanUnionmarketsbytheendof2021.Thefirmisoptimisticthatthemovewillsave2,000tonsofplasticand3,000tonsofCO2annually.“Innovationisakeyprincipleofoursustainablepackagingworkan