一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

一、被語(yǔ)態(tài)的成形式1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)的基本態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例visitorsarerequestedtotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andreadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例anewcinemabeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過去時(shí)例iwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherishouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeen過去完成時(shí)例bytheendlastyear,anothergymnasiumhadbeencompletedinbeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)例ameetingbeingheldwhenwasthere.7）shall/willbedonebegoingtobedonebeabouttodone/betodone一般將來時(shí)例hundredsofjobswillbelostthefactorycloses.8）should\wouldbedonewas\weregoingbedonewas\wereabouttobedone2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)的特殊構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋＋過去分詞。例thebabyshouldbetakengoodcare/6

bythebabysitter.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例hismothergavehimapresenthisbirthday.可改為hewasapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例someonecaughttheboysmokingaciggarette.

可改為theboywascaughtacigarette.4在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例someonesawstrangerintothebuilding.可改為astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)要把它們看作一個(gè)整體能分開中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例themeetingistobeputoffFriday.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。例idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、itissaidthat+從及其他似句型些表示“說”或相信”的動(dòng)詞believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“it＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語(yǔ)＋be過去分詞＋tosth.”。有：itissaidthat…據(jù)說itisreportedthat報(bào)道，itisbelievedthat…大家相信，ishopedthat大家希望，itiswellknownthat…所周知，itisthat…大家認(rèn)為，itsuggestedthat…建議。例itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthe/6

nationalexam.（＝theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）三、被語(yǔ)與表構(gòu)區(qū)別當(dāng)be+過分作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀時(shí)，后面的過去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1．果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)。例theglassis．系表結(jié)構(gòu)）theglasswasbrokenthe．（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2．果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例theis．（系結(jié)構(gòu)）thehasalready/just動(dòng)態(tài)）3．動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。例themachineisbeing．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)練選擇題1.ourhouse_____,a.isgettingpaintb.isgettingpaintedc.isgotpaintedd.hasgottopaint2.hearrivedbeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.a.wasmetbyb.wasmetc.wasmeetingd.metby3.thewar_____in1937a.wasbrokenoutb.hadbeenoutc.hasbrokend.brokeout4.themistakestheexerciseswill_____theteacher.a.crossb.becrossingc.becrossedbyd.crossby5.mybrotherandhave__________herbirthdayparty.a.beeninvitedb.beeninvitedforc.invitedtod.beeninvitedto6.it_______thiswaya.ishaddob.ishadtobedonec.hadtobedoned.hastodo/6

7.it__thisway.ausedtodob.usedtobedonec.istodod.isusedtodoing8._____chaplin.a.thechild'snamewascalledb.thechild'snamecallsc.thechildcallsd.thechildisnamed9.thesportsmeeting____.a.isputoffb.istoputoffc.istobeputoffd.putsoff10.maryrealizedshe_________a.wasmakingfunofb.wasmadefunc.wasbeingmadefunofd.wasbeingmadefun11.______tosayathinginthatwaya.itisconsiderswrongb.itisconsideredwrongc.itisconsideredit'swrongd.itisconsiedring12.heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.a.wouldbeprintedb.wouldprintc.beprintedd.print13.thestory______inchinaa.wastakenplaceb.washappenedc.tookplaced.hasbeentakenplace14.thehouse_____myparentsa.isbelongb.belongc.belongsd.isbelongedto15.he_______byhisteacher.a.happenedtoseeb.washappenedtoseec.happenedtobeseend.washappenedtobeseen16.greatchanges_____inourprovince.manytallbuildings.a.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupb.havetakenplace,havebeenupc.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupd.weretakenplace,weresetup17.thehall's____butnotyet____withlamps.a.furnished,finishedb.beenfinished,beenfurnishedc.beingfinished,beingfurnishedd.setup,full/6

18.thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____fromhere?a.canitb.canitbeseenc.canseend.can19.assoonaswegottotheairport,wethattheplane_____.a.hadalreadytakenoffb.alreadyoffc.wasalreadytakingoffd.wasalreadytakenoff20.someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.a.havenowbeenrebuildingb.arenowrebuildingc.arenowbeingrebuiltd.arerebuiltnow21.ifcitynoisesfromincreasingpeople____shouttobeheardevendinner．a(chǎn).arenotkept；havetob.arenotkept；havec.donotkeep；havetod.donotkeep；haveto22.thefifthgenerationcomputers,artificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.a.developedb.havedevelopedc.arebeingdevelopedd.willhavebeendeveloped23.thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

yesalldependstheweathera.i'vebeentoldb.i'vetoldc.i'mtoldd.itold24.ineedmorestampmycollection___.pletesc.hasbeencompletedd.iscompleted25.rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappeartheearthinthenearfuture.a.cutb.arecutc.arebeingcutd.hadbeen26.thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendlastmonth.a.hasbeendesignedb.hadbeendesignedc.wasdesignedd.wouldbedesigned27.whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.a.breaksb.hasbrokenc.wasbrokend.hadbeenbroken28.greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories___.a.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupb.havetakenplace;havebeensetupc.havetakenplace;havesetup.weretakenplace;weresetup29.thatsuit__over60dollars./6

a.hadcostedb.costedc.iscostedd.cost30.look!everythinghereisunderconstruction.theprettysmallhousethat__for?a.isbeingbuiltb.hasbeenbuiltc.isbuiltd.isbuilding31.youlikethematerial?it___verysoft.a.isfeelingb.feltc.feelsd.isfelt32.itisdifficultforaforeigner____chinese．a(chǎn).writeb.towritec.tobewrittend.written33.ihavenoletters____，thankyou．a(chǎn).totypeb.typingc.tobetypedd.typed34.takecare!don'tdropinkonyourshirt,for__easily.a.won'twashoutb.won'tbewashedc.isn'twashed