高中英語-被動(dòng)語態(tài) 講義

高英復(fù)測(cè)題-被動(dòng)態(tài)講解練習(xí)(一)語態(tài)分類：英語動(dòng)詞分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。Tom(謂動(dòng))room(承)day.

主動(dòng)承)cleaned(動(dòng)執(zhí))day.(動(dòng))被語結(jié)：動(dòng)+動(dòng)詞過分done即be，常譯為被、給、由、受等用來表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法動(dòng)的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用短。aretaughtinlessons.(2)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的行者是誰。computerswerestolenlast突或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。ThewindowbrokenbyMike.

窗戶是邁克打破的。(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過助動(dòng)詞be的種時(shí)態(tài)化來體現(xiàn)不變。注意主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：//aredone2一般過去時(shí)：were+3一般將來時(shí)：/will+donetobedone4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：/has+been+5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can/may/must/should/havebe以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)/is/being+過進(jìn)行時(shí)/were++done過去完成時(shí)++(四)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法

過去將來時(shí)should/+beauntmeto執(zhí)行者

動(dòng)詞

承受者→

Iwasinvitedaunt)to/7

承受者謂語

by+執(zhí)行把主動(dòng)態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。把主動(dòng)態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。把主動(dòng)態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后短可以省略。練習(xí)：一現(xiàn)在時(shí)growinthe__________________insouthof一過去時(shí)NancytheCD-ROM.The__________________Nancy一將來時(shí)willholdshowschoolThe__________________inthe現(xiàn)完成時(shí)Hebroughtbookhere.His__________________here.．含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)musthandclass.Your__________________class.(五)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題把動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)賓短語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。WehaveboughtaAnewbeenbought.(正)Anewhave錯(cuò)誤)含雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語。unclegavepresentbirthday.Igivenpresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說：Apresentgivento注意：下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to如：bring,lend,offer,teach,tell等/7

bookwasshowntotheMyher.一般在列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：buy,cook,make,sing。Askirtforme.forcountrywasfor由+介或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞要它們作為整體看介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉這類動(dòng)詞有：動(dòng)詞+介詞，:listento,looktalk等。動(dòng)詞+副詞，:out,givehandin,on,turnon,up等ThewasworkedoutbyTheisoftenbygirls.帶合賓(賓+賓)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：Wealwaystheclassroomclean.(keepsth.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldustostayup(tellsbtodo→Weweretoldnottouplate.betoldnotdo…)注意：在watch,hear,listento,make,等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.→Heoftenheardtoplaythe記住下列變化：see…h(huán)earsb….sbmakedo…

beseendobeheardbedobe有動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們和easily等詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或使用性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有write,等。如：/7

(1)Thecloth這布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.這產(chǎn)品很暢銷。(3)Theprinterprints這打印機(jī)打印很快。對(duì)比：Thewell.主動(dòng)句)Thewere(被動(dòng)句)只動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下列情況的主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一，感官連系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)意義，如feel,seem,等(1)youthe

—Yes,itfeelsvery誤：Itfelt(2)Thedelicious.誤：Thetasted(3)Thepopmusicbeautiful.誤：Thepopsounded第二，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如takeplace,breakbelongto,come等。如：Thetooklast誤：Theaccidentwasplacelastnight..第三，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如rise,happen,succeed,等Thesunalreadyrisen.誤：Thealreadyrisen.第四，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式形及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語，如：ImyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfEnglish.在語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說……Itissaid…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)…reportedthatitgoingraintomorrow.眾所周知wellthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.注區(qū)別系表結(jié)構(gòu)be+adj.和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Hisare(系表)Hisglassesbrokenbythe被動(dòng))/7

Thedoorisclosed.系表)Hesurprised.系表)

Thedoorclosedby被)Hewassurprisedbythe被動(dòng)被語專練（）一、用動(dòng)的正確語態(tài)填空。_________(speak)mostwidelyintheworld.APianoconcert_____________(give)lastFriday.Vegetables,eggsand(sell)_____a(make)of?It___________(make)ofandwood.oldmanisill.______send)totheroom_____________malready.Youdontocleansportsmeeting(hold)week.Heisdream_______________(come)true.10.The_______________(build)11.Thestudentstocareoftheirdesksand12.____________take)oflibrary?二.選擇題)1._____libraryinyear?A.Is;builtB.bulitC.Does;D.Did;build()2.Anaccident____lastweek.beenhappenedwashappenedhappenedD.happened(____intheofChina.isC.growsgrow()4.Sofar____byvisitedB.willvisitedC.beenvisitedD.visited()5.AonChinese_____inschoolhallnextgivenhasgivenC.willbegivenD.gives/7

(year?plantedB.willplantCplantedD.planted()7.Alotbypeoplesavethelittlegirlarebeendonewilldone()8.Neitherof______inChina.A.aremadeC.()9.Look!Anicepicture____forteacher.isdrawingbeingC.beenD.()10.YourshoesYoupair.A.outB.wornoutC.wornworn(foryet.sentB.beensentC.besent()12.--WhenkindofuseB.was;usedusedare;used(Wall____allworld.knowsknewC.known(insummer.A.bornB.C.beenbornD.am()15.HesaysthatMr_____tothefactorynextweek.sentB.sentD.willsent(book_____?A.writtenwrittenbywrittenD.written(____showmeA.toB.toC.D.to()18.AGrannywastoldusB.toldtous.istoldD.told(monkeywasoffjumpsC.jumpedtojump(bagbehindA.canbeC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Older____well.afterB.mustbeafterC.lookafterD.after()22.Ourteacher______carefully.shouldtoshouldbelistenD.二.選擇題:()1.changes______inhappenedhappenedC.hasD.happened()3.TheGreatWall______alloverworld.knowsknownD.was()4.Who______thisbookwrittenB.was;writtenbywrittenwritten/7

()5.AstorybyGrannytoldusB.usistoldusD.toldus()6.Themonkeyseenofftree.jumpB.jumpsC