九-2023學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題

海淀區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)高三英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題L5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare^storyofunfortunateloverstookplace.EddaFarinaandMarcoColombo1eachotherduringoneoftheregular6:00pm2concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin3onhisbalcony.Shesaid,“ThemusicwaslikeanarrowfiredbyCupid”.Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.Thetwokept4eachothertillonedayMarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda'snameonitto5hisloveforher.Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinaparkastherestrictionswere6inMay.Itturnedoutthecouplehadlivedinthesameneighbourhoodformuchoftheirlives,butit7aglobalpandemictofinallybringthemtogether.Perhapsthefactthatthecouplecouldleanoneachotherduringthelockdownmeantthattheyhadbuilta8foundationbeforetheymetup.AsMarcosharedonhissocialmedia,“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding,whichwould9sincewemetonourbalconies”.Finallyabalconylovestorythatendshappily-oneShakespearehimselfcouldneverhave10 !1.A.greetedB.recognizedC.spottedD.monitored2A.balconyB.charityC.folkD.square3.A.studioB.talentC.practiceD.performance4.A.consultingB.messagingC.datingD.visiting5.A.seekB.declareC.shareD.win6.A.liftedB.announcedC.introducedD.rejected7.A.causedB.deservedC.neededD.took8.A.soundB.materialC.freshD.basic以通過選擇無乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纖維等類別輕松找到你想要的食物。）”可知，NYT最有可能吸引素食者。故選D。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kitchn部分“ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.（Kitchn語(yǔ)氣輕快、俏皮、有趣，但仍然很專業(yè)，信息量很大。）”不能推斷出Kitchn以其專業(yè)和信息豐富的風(fēng)格而聞名。故A項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)Udemy部分“Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.（Udemy擁有超過門在線課程，提供由全國(guó)各地的教師教授的各種烹飪課程。）”可知，B項(xiàng)中“worldwideinstructors”說法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)Rouxbe部分uWidelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,（Rouxbe被公認(rèn)為行業(yè)專業(yè)人士中領(lǐng)先的在線烹飪學(xué)校，）”可知，C項(xiàng)“Rouxbe受到行業(yè)專業(yè)人士的高度評(píng)價(jià)?！闭f法正確；根據(jù)NYT部分“Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou'relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy-free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.（對(duì)于那些有特定飲食偏好的人，你可以通過選擇無乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纖維等類別輕松找到你想要的食物。）”不能推斷出NYT針對(duì)有特定飲食偏好的人。故D項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kitchn部分“KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethat...Udemy部分“Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable...Rouxbe部分“Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschool...v以及NYT部分“NYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels."可知，這四所學(xué)校的共同之處是都提供在線課程。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Itisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.俄們的使命是幫助忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳的購(gòu)買決定。現(xiàn)在編織了下面的信息名單。）”以及文中Kitchn、Udemy.Rouxbe和NYT是四所提供在線烹飪課程的學(xué)校。本文的寫作目的是推薦這四所學(xué)校，以幫助那些忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳購(gòu)買決定。故選BoCNextFrontiersSchoolbookstypicallypresentexplorersasintrepid（勇敢的）individualswho,forexample,sailwoodenshipstonewlands.Buttodaymostexplorerswhoaremakingfundamentaldiscoveriesarescientists.Andwhetherthefrontiersaretiny,likethehumangenome,ormassive,likeourdeepestoceans,westillhavemuchlefttolearnaboutplanetEarth.Thequeststhatmodernscientistspursuerival（比得上）anythinginahistorybookoranadventurenovel.Explorationisscienceinitsmostbasicform-askingquestionsofthenaturalworldand,wehope,usingtheanswersforthebettermentofeverythingonEarth.Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep-submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.Nowthereareroughly4,000autonomousArgofloatsacrosstheworld'soceansthatdivedownto2,000feetandresurfaceevery10days.Programmablevesselsgreatlyexpandourreachandreducetherisktothepeopleinvolvedinexploration,allowingforthekindofdiscoverythatthehumanbodymightlimit.TheArgogroupwillalsodeploydozensofsensorseveryyearthatwillgatherbiologicalandchemicaldata,leadingtonewobservationsaboutmarinelife.Otherinstitutionsplantosearchtheseasinunison,sendingdatatoguideshipsthatforwardtheinformationtoresearchersonshore.Oceanresearchgroupshavemadeitaprioritytoopenlysharetheirdiscoveriesanddatawiththepublicandtoinspirethenextgenerationofyoungscientists.Anyonecangoalongfortheride-wecanallbeexplorers.Maybeonedayyou'llexploretheGreatBarrierReef,thedesert,orarain-forestcanopy.CaptainJamesT.KirkbeganeachepisodeoftheoriginalStarTrektelevisionseriesbysaying,“Space,thefinalfrontier.^^Notnecessarily.WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.Theexample"proverbialfrog,,inParagraph3isusedto.A.illustratethesignificanceofexploration B.stresstheimportanceofknowledgeC.argueforthenecessityofinnovation D.showtheimpactofglobalwarmingWecanlearnfromParagraph4and5that.thehumandesiretoovercomechallengesleadstoinnovationsealifeobservationisthefinalpurposeofoceanexplorationthefindingsofoceanexplorationareratherdisappointingD.newtechnologiespushhumanexplorationintheocean30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Fewmodernscientistsaretrueexplorers. B.Thespacewillbehuman'sfinalfrontier.C.Exploringisanin-bornhumanquality. D.Exploringtheearthcanstillbefruitful.【答案】28.A 29.A30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了探索是科學(xué)最基本的形式一一提出自然世界的問題，我們希望用這些問題的答案來改善地球上的一切。文章論述了探索地球的重要作用和意義?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段uExplorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.（探索有很大的價(jià)值。它激勵(lì)我們，擴(kuò)大我們的知識(shí)，給我們一個(gè)更好的未來的希望。而實(shí)際的回報(bào)甚至可以挽救生命?？茖W(xué)家們花了幾十年的時(shí)間探索大氣中的物質(zhì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著時(shí)間的推移，二氧化碳的濃度在上升。如果沒有這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?nèi)祟惉F(xiàn)在就會(huì)像諺語(yǔ)所說的青蛙一樣生活在逐漸加熱的鍋里，不確定我們周圍的環(huán)境為什么會(huì)發(fā)生變化，然后慢慢地沸騰而死）”可推知，第三段中的“諺語(yǔ)青蛙”的例子被用來說明全球變暖的影響。故選A。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep-submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.（人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的動(dòng)力是人類探索動(dòng)力的一個(gè)重要方面，在大多數(shù)情況下，探索動(dòng)力會(huì)刺激創(chuàng)新。早期的人類潛水器到達(dá)最深的海溝底部，在巨大的壓力下只進(jìn)行了一次。但最終，一種更耐壓力的深海潛水器一一“限制因子”，讓投資者和海底探險(xiǎn)家維克多?維斯科沃得以多次到達(dá)海溝底部）”可知，人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的欲望導(dǎo)致了創(chuàng)新。故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段uExplorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.（探索有很大的價(jià)值。它激勵(lì)我們，擴(kuò)大我們的知識(shí)，給我們一個(gè)更好的未來的希望。而實(shí)際的回報(bào)甚至可以挽救生命）”；第四段中"Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.（A類克服挑戰(zhàn)的動(dòng)力是人類探索動(dòng)力的一個(gè)重要方面，在大多數(shù)情況下，探索動(dòng)力會(huì)刺激創(chuàng)新）”以及最后一段中“WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.（我們?cè)诘厍蛏线€有很多東西要發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們熱切地等待著來自我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的最新世界的驚喜）”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故選D。DHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles-socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants,reproductiveprocesses,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators（授粉昆蟲）.Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀釋的花蜜）thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom-allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough"Scent”isastoryofplants5cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougereRoyale,thefirst"modernfantasyperfume^^thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance-makingisdominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld-famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.BFragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prized“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed. B.Rewarded. C.Mixed. D.Valued.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.Man-madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?PlantsSmell,InsectsPrey B.SmartnessbehindFragranceC.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMake D.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature【答案】31.B 32.D33.C34.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。對(duì)植物來說，香味是與昆蟲和其他動(dòng)物互動(dòng)的一種方式。它們對(duì)人的吸引力完全是偶然發(fā)生的。文章主要說明了植物是如何通過香味來保護(hù)自己以及繁殖的?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.（如果一只昆蟲咬穿了一些Bursera植物的葉子，就會(huì)噴出一種粘性的、有臭味的液體來困住它。土狼煙草植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饑餓毛蟲的氣味，它們就會(huì)產(chǎn)生揮發(fā)物，吸引捕食者殺死害蟲）”可推知，作者認(rèn)同香味是植物保護(hù)自己的工具。故選B。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon"可知，為了嚇跑競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，阿拉伯商人傳播了一個(gè)關(guān)于守護(hù)肉桂的巨鷹的傳說，可見有些香料非常珍貴，讓商人通過傳說來嚇跑競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。故畫線詞意思是“寶貴的二故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段uWhatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀釋的花蜜）thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom——allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.（真正令人驚奇的是植物在利用它們的氣味進(jìn)行繁殖時(shí)是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜間散發(fā)氣味，以吸引夜間傳粉者，如飛蛾。它們產(chǎn)生稀釋的花蜜，鼓勵(lì)飛蛾不斷移動(dòng)，而不是停留在一個(gè)單一的花期，這更好地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后會(huì)改變它們的香味，作為昆蟲轉(zhuǎn)移到其他地方的信號(hào)）”可知，植物利用香味來吸弓I和趕走傳粉者。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。I艮據(jù)第——段uHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.（長(zhǎng)期以來，人類一直從自然界的氣味中獲得快樂。不過，在大多數(shù)情況下，人類并不是它們的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)。對(duì)植物來說，香味是與昆蟲和其他動(dòng)物互動(dòng)的一種方式。它們對(duì)人的吸引力完全是偶然發(fā)生的）”結(jié)合文章主要說明了植物是如何通過香味來保護(hù)自己以及繁殖的?？芍珺選項(xiàng)“香味背后的聰明機(jī)智”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowSociologistsDefineCulturesociety.neofthemostimportantconceptswithinsociologybecausesociologistsrecognizethatitplaysacrucialroleinoursociallives.Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.35concepts.iologistsdefinethenon-materialaspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.Expandingonthesecategories,cultureismadeupofourknowledge,commonsense,assumptionsandexpectations.Ttisalsotherules,norms,lawsandmoralsthatgovernsociety;thewordsweuseaswellashowwespeakandwritethem;andthesymbolsweusetoexpressmeaning,ideasandconcepts.36Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience”;andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.Cultureincludesthecollectivepracticesweparticipateinaswell,suchasreligiousceremonies,thecelebrationofsecularholidaysandattendingsportingevents.37Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.Aspectsofmaterialculturearemorecommonlyreferredtoasculturalproducts.culture.seethetwosidesofculture一thematerialandnon-material一ascloselyconnected.Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.38beliefs.taone-wayrelationshipbetweenmaterialandnon-materialculture.Materialculturecanalsoinfluencethenon-materialaspectsofculture.Forexample,apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople'sattitudesandbeliefs.39Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,forexample,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts.AThisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns.Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings.Withoutculture,wewouldnothaverelationshipsorsociety.Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform.Materialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeanduse.Cultureisdistinctfromsocialstructureandeconomicaspectsofsociety.Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake.【答案】35.B 36.D37.E38.G39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了社會(huì)學(xué)概念中文化的各種形式以及內(nèi)容。[35題詳解】前文提至U“Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.（它對(duì)塑造社會(huì)關(guān)系、維護(hù)和挑戰(zhàn)社會(huì)秩序、決定我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐澜绾臀覀冊(cè)谄渲械牡匚?、塑造我們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中的日常行為和經(jīng)驗(yàn)都很重要。后文提到“Inbrief,sociologistsdefinethenon-materialaspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，社會(huì)學(xué)家將文化的非物質(zhì)方面定義為一群人共有的價(jià)值觀、信仰、語(yǔ)言、交流和實(shí)踐社會(huì)學(xué)家提到了文化在非物質(zhì)方面表現(xiàn)為價(jià)值觀、信仰、語(yǔ)言等，由此可知文化在社會(huì)學(xué)表現(xiàn)為物質(zhì)和非物質(zhì)方面。B項(xiàng)“Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings."（它由非物質(zhì)的和物質(zhì)的東西組成。）該項(xiàng)可作為第一段的段尾句同時(shí)引起第二段關(guān)于文化兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，起到承上啟下的作用。故選B?！?6題詳解】后文提至U“Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience"；andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.（它體現(xiàn)在我們走路、坐著、抬著身體以及與他人互動(dòng)的方式中；我們的行為取決于地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間和“觀眾”；以及我們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)種族、階級(jí)和性別等身份。）”由此判斷，人們的一些行為也是根據(jù)文化本身而進(jìn)行的。D項(xiàng)“Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform."（文化也是我們所做的以及我們的行為和表現(xiàn)。）該項(xiàng)提到的“行為和表現(xiàn)”對(duì)應(yīng)后文中出現(xiàn)的“走路、坐著、互動(dòng)方式”等，起到承上啟下的作用。故選D?！?7題詳解】第三段第二句提至lj“Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.（這方面的文化包括各種各樣的東西，從建筑、科技產(chǎn)品和服裝，到電影、音樂、文學(xué)和藝術(shù)等等。）”能通過建筑、科技等方式體現(xiàn)的文化指的是文化的物質(zhì)方面，E項(xiàng)uMaterialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeandus已"（物質(zhì)文化是由人類制造和使用的東西組成的。）該項(xiàng)提到的“由人類制造和使用的東西”指的是后文中提到的“建筑、科技產(chǎn)品、服裝”等。由此判斷該項(xiàng)起到引起后文的作用。故選E。【38題詳解】前文提到“Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.（物質(zhì)文化產(chǎn)生于文化的非物質(zhì)方面，并受其塑造。）”文化的物質(zhì)和非物質(zhì)方面是相互影響的，尤其是非物質(zhì)方面會(huì)影響物質(zhì)方面,G項(xiàng)“Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake."（換句話說，我們所重視的、相信的和知道的影響著我們所做的事情）由此判斷，該項(xiàng)中提到的“whatwevalue,believeandknow”（我們所重視的、相信的和知道的）即為文化的非物質(zhì)方面，該項(xiàng)起到承上啟下的作用，故選Go【39題詳解】前文提到“apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople'sattitudesandbeliefs/"（一部好的紀(jì)錄片可能會(huì)改變?nèi)说膽B(tài)度和信仰），且后文提到“Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,forexample,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts."（例如，之前在音樂、電影、電視和藝術(shù)方面出現(xiàn)的東西影響著與之互動(dòng)的人的價(jià)值觀、信仰和期望，而這些價(jià)值觀、信仰和期望又反過來影響著其他文化產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造。）音樂、電影、電視等方面出現(xiàn)的都是屬于文化產(chǎn)品，而價(jià)值觀、信仰和期望又會(huì)對(duì)文化產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)生影響。由此判斷文化產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)生也是受一定價(jià)值觀、信仰等方面的影響。A項(xiàng)“Thisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns."（這就是為什么文化產(chǎn)品傾向于遵循模式。）起到承上啟下的作用，符合文意。故選A。第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題;第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。U.S.dylikestofeelanxious.Anxietyisamongthemostcommonandcriticizedofhumanemotions.Studiesshowthatover100millionpeopleintheU.S.willsufferfromananxietydisorderintheirlifetime.Rates,especiallyamongtheyoung,havebeenrisingforthepastdecade.Itseems,then,thatoureffortstocontainanxietyaren'tworking.Asaclinicalpsychologistandneuroscienceresearcher,Ibelievethatwementalhealthprofessionalshavemadeaterriblemistake.Feelinganxiousisn'ttheproblem.Theproblemisthatwedon'tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.Thafswhyit'sincreasinglyhardtoknowhowtofeelgood.This"bad”feelingisn'tafailureofmentalhealth.It'satriumphofhumanevolution:theabilitytothinkabouttheuncertainfutureandprepareforit.Theunpleasantemotion,forexample,fear,signalsthatyoumaybeindanger——fromapredator,bullyorspeedingcar——andreadiesyourbodyandmindtofightortakeflight.Anxiety,bycontrast,hasnothingtodowithpresentthreats.Instead,itturnsyouintoamentaltimetraveler,drawingyourattentiontowhatliesahead.Willyousucceedorfailinthatinterviewforajobyoudesperatelywant?Anxietypromptsyourmindandbodyintoaction.Yourworriesforceyoutopreparethoroughlyfortheinterview,whileyourheartracesandpumpsbloodtoyourbrainsothatyoustaysharpandfocused,preparedtopursueyourgoals.Researchhasalsoshownsomethingthatmanyscientistsdidn'texpect:higherlevelsofdopamine（多巴月安）whenwe'reanxious.Wehavelongknownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurableandalsoinanticipationofrewards.Thefactthatanxietyalsoboostsdopaminelevelspointstoitsroleinmakingpositivepossibilitiesintoreality.Manyofusfeeloverwhelmedbylastinganxietyanddon'tseeanybenefitfromit.Wehavecometobelievethatthebestwaytocopeistogetridofit.Buttreatinganxietylikeadiseasepreventsusfromdistinguishingbetweenordinaryanxietyandanxietydisorders.Weneedtodevelopanewmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotion.Anxietycan'tdoitsjobunlessitmakesusuncomfortable,forcingustositupandpayattention.Wedon'tneedtolikeanxiety-justtouseitintherightway.Whyisitincreasinglyhardforustoknowhowtofeelgood?Howdoesanxietyhelponeinajobinterview?Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious.Howdoyoucopewithanxietypositivelyinyourdailylife?（Inabout40words）［答案］40.Becausewedon'tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.Itpromptsone'smindandbodyintoactionandithelpshim/hertostaysharpandfocusedintheinterview,preparedtopursuehis/hergoals.Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious.Becausedopamineisinhigherlevelswhenweareanxious.Weshoulddevelopagoodmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotionandtrytouseitintherightwayinourdailylife,whichcanhelpusgetridofitgradually.【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇說明文。焦慮已成為現(xiàn)在社會(huì)普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象，人們將它視為糟糕的情緒。文章講述了焦慮形成的原因、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及如何應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮的方法?！?0題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。不艮據(jù)第二段"Theproblemisthatwedon'tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.That'swhyit'sincreasinglyhardtoknowhowtofeelgood."（問題是我們不知道如何建設(shè)性地應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮。這就是為什么越來越難知道如何感覺良好。）可知，我們?cè)絹碓讲恢涝鯓痈械娇鞓返脑蚴俏覀儾恢廊绾谓ㄔO(shè)性地去應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮。故答案為：Becausewedon'tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.【41題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段“Anxietypromptsyourmindandbodyintoaction.Yourworriesforceyoutopreparethoroughlyfortheinterview,whileyourheartracesandpumpsbloodtoyourbrainsothatyoustaysharpandfocused,preparedtopursueyourgoals."（焦慮促使你的思想和身體付諸行動(dòng)。你的擔(dān)憂迫使你為面試做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，你會(huì)心跳加速、大腦充血，這樣你就會(huì)保持敏銳和專注，為達(dá)成目標(biāo)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。）可知，焦慮會(huì)促使人的思想和身體付諸行動(dòng)，幫助他/她在面試中保持敏銳和專注、實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。故答案為：Ilpromplsone'smindandbodyintoactionandithelpshim/hertostaysharpandfocusedintheinterview,preparedtopursuehis/hergoals.【42題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段“Researchhasalsoshownsomethingthatmanyscientistsdidn'texpect:higherlevelsA.workouttakeeffectmakesensepayoffA.understoodB.adoptedC.editedD.anticipated【答案】l.C2.A3.D4.BBA7.D8.A9.CA.workouttakeeffectmakesensepayoffA.understoodB.adoptedC.editedD.anticipated【答案】l.C2.A3.D4.BBA7.D8.A9.C10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了疫情期間，一對(duì)男女因?yàn)殛?yáng)介音樂會(huì)而相愛的故事?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達(dá)?法里娜和馬爾科?科倫坡是在晚上6點(diǎn)的陽(yáng)臺(tái)音樂會(huì)中相遇的，這是一場(chǎng)旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會(huì)。A.greeted歡迎；B.recognized認(rèn)出；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.monitored監(jiān)視；監(jiān)聽。分析文章可知，埃達(dá)?法里娜和馬爾科?科倫坡本身是不認(rèn)識(shí)的兩人，是因?yàn)殛?yáng)臺(tái)音樂會(huì)才發(fā)現(xiàn)了彼此。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達(dá)?法里娜和馬爾科?科倫坡是在晚上6點(diǎn)的陽(yáng)臺(tái)音樂會(huì)中相遇的，這是一場(chǎng)旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會(huì)。A.balcony陽(yáng)臺(tái)；B.charity慈善機(jī)構(gòu)；C.folk家人；D.square廣場(chǎng)。下文提至“EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin3onhisbalcony.（埃達(dá)最初注意到馬可是在她走到陽(yáng)臺(tái)上聽他演奏小提琴的時(shí)候由此判斷，兩人最初相識(shí)的地方是在各自的陽(yáng)臺(tái)上。故選A。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達(dá)最初注意到馬可是在她走到陽(yáng)臺(tái)上聽他演奏小提琴的時(shí)候。A.studio錄音室；B.talent天才；C.practice練習(xí)；D.performance表演。前文提到“oneoftheregular6:00pm2concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.（這是一場(chǎng)旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會(huì)。）”由此判斷，陽(yáng)臺(tái)音樂會(huì)指的是在陽(yáng)臺(tái)上進(jìn)行音樂表演。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人不停地發(fā)信息，直到有一天，馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達(dá)的名字，以表達(dá)他對(duì)她的愛。A.consulting咨詢;B.messaging發(fā)信息;C.dating約會(huì);D.visiting拜訪。前文提到“Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.（馬可也對(duì)埃達(dá)一見鐘情，他在社交媒體上找到了愛達(dá)。）”且因?yàn)橐咔榈脑蚓蛹腋綦x，因此兩人只能通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)送消息進(jìn)行聯(lián)系。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人不停地發(fā)信息，直到有一天，馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達(dá)的名字，以表達(dá)他對(duì)她的愛。A.seek尋找；B.declare宣布；聲明；Cshare分享；D.win贏得。前文提至II“MarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda'snameonit（馬可ofdopamine（多巴胺）whenwe9reanxious."（研究也顯示了某些科學(xué)家們沒想至U的結(jié)果：當(dāng)我們焦慮時(shí),多巴胺水平更高。）可知，“butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious”這一部分是錯(cuò)誤的，按題目要求劃線；原因就是根據(jù)文章的描述，研究所得結(jié)果是：當(dāng)我們焦慮時(shí)，多巴胺水平更高。故答案為：Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious.Becausedopamineisinhigherlevelswhenweareanxious.【43題詳解】考查開放答題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wehavecometobelievethatthebestwaytocopeistogetridofit."（我們要相信最后的應(yīng)對(duì)辦法就是擺脫它。）和“Weneedtodevelopanewmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotion.v（我們需要對(duì)這種讓人誤解的情緒有一個(gè)新的心態(tài)。）及“Wedon'tneedtolikeanxiety―justtouseitintherightway."（我們不需要喜歡焦慮一一只是用正確的方式使用它。）可以推測(cè)，在日常生活中，我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)良好的心態(tài)來看待焦慮，正確使用它，爭(zhēng)取逐漸擺脫它。故答案為：Weshoulddevelopagoodmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotionandtrytouseitintherightwayinourdailylife,whichcanhelpusgetridofitgradually.第二節(jié)（20分）44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三⑴班班長(zhǎng)李華。近期你班計(jì)劃開展“信息安全教育”的主題班會(huì)，請(qǐng)你給你班交換生Jim寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：.班會(huì)目的及活動(dòng)安排；.請(qǐng)他參加并在會(huì)后發(fā)表感想。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。提示詞語(yǔ)：informationsecurityDearJim,Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJimHowareyoudoing?Ourclassisgoingtoholdaclassmeetingrecently,whosethemeis"InformationSecurityEducation”.Tmwritingtosharesomedetailswithyouandinviteyoutotakepartinit.WiththeincreasingpopularityofInternet,thesecurityofitisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant,especiallyforusstudents.RaisingtheawarenessofinformationsecurityandlearninghowtousetheInternetsafelyarethepurposeofourclassmeeting,whichwillbeheldat2:00pmthisFridayinourclassroom.Tobeginwith,we'llbeprovidedwithsomevideostolearnaboutwhatsecurityproblemsandthreatsareandhowtheydoharmtous.Inaddition,theteacherwillinstructuswhatmeasureswecantaketoprotectourinformationsecurity.Lastbutnotleast,allthestudentsa