2011年全國入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

2011年入學考試英語(一Section ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,aOneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.但是，這個任命之所以引起人們驚訝的原因是Gilbert相對而言并不是很出名。EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.對于一個迄今為止一直是由像 樣的音樂家來率領的交響樂團，這樣描述其下任音樂總監(jiān)，似乎至少會讓一些《》的讀者覺Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.為了爭取熱愛藝術的民眾的時間、關注20世紀偉大的古典音樂家們的表演的唱片競爭。Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhereandveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirenotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas incurred [B]raised[C]received [D]arousedTommasiniregardsGilbertasanwhois Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers [A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthor WhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga ”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof wantedtorun.說沒有找好下份工作就辭職讓他有時間認真思考他想要經營什么樣的公司。ItalsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirationsAndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.當董事會出于股東的壓力仔細繼任計劃時，沒有資格繼任的們也可能想要跳槽。Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”我記得之前做過的每項搜索中，董事會都要求我首先從那些在任的CEO中尋找人選。Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing [C]self- AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby [A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans [A]approvedof. [B]attendedto.[C]hunted [D]guardedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts. [B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations. [D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthe[A]CEOs:Whereto [B]CEOs:AlltheWay[C]TopManagersJumpwithouta [D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopTheroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusersresponses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia anothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontent merceengineswithinthatenvironmentThistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandho sandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompaniesmarketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.除了能夠帶來收入，其他企業(yè)的存在，不僅使得這個顯得客觀，還使企業(yè)們有機會了解到其他企業(yè)寶貴的經驗，Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorn eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetarget atrisk.Insuchacase,the ’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickfromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.例如，豐田汽車以相對快速和精心策劃的社會傳媒相應活動，包括直接與用戶在和社Digg上互動等，緩解了年初因而的一些損失。Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare obsessedwithonlineshopatcertainWebinspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttoeagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityenthusiastic mendingtheirfavoriteAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature asafebusiness [B]random[C]stronguser [D]flexibilityinTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia inviteconstantswithpassionatecanbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmayberesponsibleforfiercerdeserveallthenegativecommentsaboutToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof respondingeffectivelytohijackedpersuadingcustomersintoboycottingcooperatingwithsupportivetakingadvantageofhijackedWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainly[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaid [B]betweenhijackedandearned[C]Dominanceofhijacked [D]PopularityofownedIt’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstoryIloveMyChildren,IHateMyLifeisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompleyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.出自JenniferSenior的見解深刻又makeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappinessinsteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthattheverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirlives.的直接。Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneylit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.考慮到不“（、It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorousmostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.但想象細微的的方式加劇我們對實際育兒生活的不滿，正如我們中有那么一小部分人曾希望通過做“《老友記》中的單親）使自己看起來有那么一點像。、JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring temporary [B]enjoymentin[C]happinessin [D]lastingWelearnfromParagraph2that [A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks areconstantlyexposedto [B]arelargelyignoredbythe[C]failtofulfilltheirsocial [D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirAccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazines WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastHavingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.[D]WesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildPartBThefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Liture,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducated shouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortofsocialglue.Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeenOnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.這種課程很難設計和講授的原因之一，就是它了頂尖大學的堅決Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesend