2022年云南省麗江市公共英語(yǔ)五級(jí)(筆試)真題(含答案)

2022年云南省麗江市公共英語(yǔ)五級(jí)(筆試)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15題)1.Whatwasthenamegiventothegenerationthatcameofageduringthe1960s?

2.HowmanypeopledependonlocalriceandfoodinSouthAsiacurrently?

A.Morethan150millionpeople.

B.Lessthan150millionpeople.

C.About100millionpeople.

D.About120millionpeople.

3.ThosewhovisitLondonwillcertainlygoto______．

A.theTowerofLondon

B.Harrods

C.BuckinghamPalace

D.TheGreenwichvillage

4.PartA

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1-10bycirclingTRUEorFALSE.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1-10.

聽(tīng)力原文：Fromgoodreadingwecanobtainpleasure,companionship,experience,andinstruction.Agoodbookmayabsorbourattentionsocompletelythatforthetimebeingweforgetoursurroundingsandevenouridentity.Readinggoodbooksisoneofthegreatestpleasuresinlife.Itincreasesourcontentmentwhenwearecheerful,andlessensourtroubleswhenwearesad.Whatevermaybeourmainpurposeinreading,ourcontactwithgoodbooksshouldneverfailtogiveusenjoymentandsatisfaction.

Withagoodbookinourhandsweneedneverbelonely.Whetherthecharactersportrayedaretakenfromreallifeoraretotallyimaginarytheymaybecomeourcompanionsandfriends.Inthepagesofbookswecanwalkwiththewiseandthegoodofalllandsandalltimes.Thepeoplewemeetinbooksmaydelightuseitherbecausetheyresemblehumanfriendswhomweholddearorbecausetheypresentunfamiliartypeswhomwearegladtowelcomeasnewacquaintances.Ourhumanfriendssometimesmayboreus,butthefriendswemakeinbooksneedneverwearyuswiththeircompany.Byturningthepageswecandismissthemwithoutanyfearofhurtingtheirfeelings.Whenhumanfriendsdesertus,goodbooksarealwaysreadytogiveusfriendship,sympathy,andencouragement.

Oneofthemostvaluablegiftsbestowedbybooksisexperience.Fewofuscantravelfarfromhomeorhaveawiderangeofexperiences,butallofuscanleadvariedlivesthroughthepagesofbooks.Whetherwewishtoescapefromtheseeminglydullrealitiesofeverydaylifeorwhetherweexpecttovisitsomefar-offplace,abookwillhelpuswhennothingelsecan.Totravelbybookweneednobankaccounttopayourway;noairshiporoceanlinerorstream-linedtraintotransportus;nopassporttoenterthelandofourheart'sdesire.Throughbookswemaygetthethrillofhazardousadventurewithoutdanger.Wecanclimbloftymountains,bravetheperilsofanantarcticwinter,orcrossthescorchingsandsofthedesert,allwithouthardship.InbookswemayvisitthestudiosofHollywood;wemayminglewiththegaythrongsofmeParisboulevards;wemayjointhepicturesquepeasantsinanAlpinevillageorthekindlynativesonaSouthSeaisland.Indeed,throughbooksthewholeworldisoursfortheasking.Thepossibilitiesofourliteraryexperiencesarealmostunlimited.Thebeautiesofnature,theenjoymentofmusic,thetreasuresofart,thetriumphsofarchitecture,themarvelsofengineeringareallopentothewonderandenjoymentofthosewhoread.

Agoodbookmaydrawourattentionsocompletelythatweforgetoursurroundingsandevenouridentityforthetimebeing.

A.TrueB.Fasle

5.Accordingtothelecture,whatisinflation?

A.Risingprices.

B.Fixedincome.

C.Realincome.

D.Costofliving.

6.Meatsalsocontainwater.

A.TrueB.Fasle

7.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

聽(tīng)力原文：W:Dr.Huber,whendidyoufirstbecomeinterestedinphysicsandmusic?

M:Ican'trememberatimewhenIwasn'tinterestedinphysics.WhenIwasachild,Iwasverycuriousabouttheworldaroundme.Forexample,Ialwayswonderedwhylightbehavesthewayitdoes.Ifounditmorefuntoplaywithaprismthantoplaywiththekidsintheneighborhood.Iwasn'tverysocial,butIwasreallyintofiguringouthowthingsworked.IgotmyowntelescopewhenIwaseightyearsold,andIlovedtotakeitoutatnightandgostargazing.Iwouldlookattheplanetsandstarsandwonderwhatwasoutthere.WhenIwasten,myfatherboughtmeabookontheuniverse,andIjustateitup.Infact,Istillhavethatbookrighthereinmyoffice.Itwasthesamewithmusic.I'vealwayshadanaturalearformusic,perfectpitch.Evenasayoungchild,ifIheardasongontheradio,Icouldgorighttothepianoandplayit.WhenIheardasoundliketheringofatelephone,Icouldidentifyitspitchandplaythenoteonthepiano.However,Ididn'tdevelopaseriousinterestinbecomingapianistuntilIwasincollege.Ialsoseemedtodowellinschoolinthevisualartslikepaintinganddrawing.

W:Whatcommonalitydoyouseebetweenmusicandphysics?

M:Thereisacommonmisconceptionthatartandsciencearecompletelyseparatedfromeachother.Ithinkthedistinctionisartificial.Inreality,artandsciencearenotasmutuallyexclusiveasonemightassume.Solvingacomplicatedmathematicalproblem,forexample,canrequirethesamedegreeofcreativethinkingaspaintingalandscapeorwritingapoem.IfeelanindefinabletinglewhenIplaytheSchumannConcertoordancethepasdedeuxfromRomeoandJuliet.Igetthatthesametinglefromtheoreticalphysics.Thebeautyofartisreadilyapparenttomostpeople.However,inthecaseoftheoreticalphysics,thebeautyisnotnearlyasaccessibletothegeneralpublic,butitiseverybitasexciting.Natureseemstofollowcertainprinciples,verymuchthesameasartdoes.It'snotuncommonforphysiciststobecomeaccomplishedmusicians.Musictheoryisaverymathematicaldiscipline.Relationshipsamongvariousnotesinclassicalharmonyarebasedonsimplemathematicalrelationships.

W:Youhavesaidthatphysicsisbeautiful.Whatmakesitbeautifultoyou?

M:Tome,it'sincrediblethewaynatureseemstoworksoperfectly.Ithinkitisbeautiful.Ialwaystellmystudentsonthefirstdayofclass."IfyoulikereadingSherlockHolmesdetectivestories,you'11likedoingphysicsproblems."Physicsisaboutfiguringthingsout—discoveringhowtheywork,justlikeadetective.Alotofpeoplefearphysicsbecausetheyviewitasabigcomplicatedjumbleoffactsthathavetobememorized.Butthat'snottrue.It'sanunderstandingofhownatureworks,howthevariouspartsinteract.Onecanviewartandliteratureastherelationshipsandinteractionsofideas.Inthesameway,physicsstudiestherelationshipsandinteractionsofconcepts.Inotherwords,tomeartandsciencefundamentallyattempttoachievethesameobjective—understandingoftheworldaroundus.Thewholeuniverseseemstofollowsomeverybasicprinciplesasitevolvesinwithtime,someoftheseprinciplesincludingtheConservationofEnergyandtheConservationofAngularMomentum.Theconservationlawsofphysicsarelikenon-interestbearingcheckingaccounts.Inthecaseofenergyconservation,youcanmakeenergydepositsandenergywithdrawals,butalltheenergyisaccountedfor.TherotationofobjectsisgovernedbyalawcalledtheConservationofAngularM

8.Afterdeliveringthenewinformation,whyshouldthespeakeralsogivehisaudiencesometime?

9.Whatdoesbusinessconcernusuallydo?

10.Whathasgivenwomenanindependenceinformingafamily?

11.Accordingtothespeaker,whatgivesmodernloghomestheirwarmatmosphere?

A.Theirsmallsize.

B.Theirrusticdirtfloors.

C.Theirwallsmadeupofroundedlogs.

D.Theirslidingboardwindows.

12.Withonlyagoodbookweareverylikelytofeellonely.

A.TrueB.Fasle

13.PartA

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerQuestions1-10bycirclingTRUEorFALSE.YouwillhearthetalkONLYONCE.Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions1-10.

聽(tīng)力原文：Whenyoucloseyoureyesandtrytothinkoftheshapeofyourownbody，whatyouimagine(or，rather，whatyoufeel)isquitedifferentfromwhatyouseewhenyouopenyoureyesandlookinthemirror．Theimageyoufeelismuchvaguerthantheoneyousee．Andifyouliestill，itisquitehardtoimagineyourselfashavinganyparticularsizeorshape．

Whenyoumove，whenyoufeeltheweightofyourarmsandlegsandthenaturalresistanceoftheobjectsaroundyou，the“feltimage”ofyourselfstartstobecomeclearer．Itis，almostasifitwerecreatedbyyourownactionsandthesensationstheycause．

Theimageyoumakeforyourselfhasratherstrangeproportions：certainpartsfeelmuchlargerthantheylook．Ifyoupokeyourtongueintoaholeinoneofyourteeth，itfeelsenormous；youareoftensurprisedbyhowsmallitlookswhenyouinspectitinthemirror．

Butalthoughthe“feltimage”maynothavetheexactshapeyouseeinthemirror，itismuchmoreimportant．Itistheimagethroughwhichyourecognizeyourphysicalexistenceintheworld．Inspiteofitsstrangeproportions，itisallonepiece，andsinceithasaconsistentfightandleftandtopandbottom，itallowsyoutolocatenewsensationswhentheyoccur．Itallowsyoutofindyournoseinthedark，scratchitchesandpointtoapain．

Ifthefeltimageisdamagedforanyreason—ifitiscutinhalforlost．a(chǎn)sitoftenisaftercertainstrokeswhichwipeoutrecognitionofoneentireside—thesetasksbecomealmostimpossible．Whatismore．itbecomeshardtomakesenseofone'sownvisualappearance．Ifonehalfofthefeltimageiswipedoutorinjured，thepatientstopsrecognizingtheaffectedpartofhisbody．Itishardforhimtofindthelocationofsensationoilthatside．a(chǎn)nd．a(chǎn)lthoughhefeels：thedoctor'stouch，helocatesitasbeingontheundamagedside．

Heloseshisabilitytoaccepttheaffectedsideaspartofhisbodyevenwhenhecanseeit．Ifyouthrowhimapairofglovesandaskhimtoputthemon，hewillonlygloveonehandandleavetheotherbare．Andyethehadtousethelefthandinordertoglovethefight．Thefactthathecanseetheunglovedhanddoesn'tseemtohelphim，andthereisnoreasonwhyitshould．Hecannolongerreconcilewhatheseeswithwhathefeels：theunglovedobjectlyingontheleftmaylooklikeahand，but，sincethereisnofeltimagecorrespondingtoit，whyshouldheclaimtheobjectashis?

Mirrorimagesisoftendifferentfromthe"feltimages".

A.RightB.Wrong

14.Whatdoweknowaboutthedifferencebetweenmenandwomenintermsofpersonalrelationships?

A.Itiseasierforwomentomakefriendsamongwomen.

B.Womentendtorevealtheirfeelingsmoreeasily.

C.Personalrelationshipsaremorecentraltomostmen'slives.

D.It'seasiertoestablishpersonalrelationshipswithwomenthanwithmen.

15.HowlongdidittakeforalettersentbyapostridertoreachtheaddresseebetweenNewYorkandBoston?

二、2.UseofEnglish(10題)16.(32)

17.(39)

18.(50)

19.

【C9】

20.(38)

21.

【C7】

22.

【C4】

23.(34)

24.(42)

25.(43)

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15題)26.Asthe21stcenturybegins,anumberofleadersinpolitics,education,andotherprofessionsbelievethattheUnitedStatesmustadoptsomenewvaluestogoalongwiththeoldtraditionalones.WhatnewvaluesshouldAmericansadopt?Thisisaverydifficultquestiontoanswer.Certainly,agreatervalueshouldbeplacedontheconservationofnaturalresources;Americansshouldlearntouselessandwasteless.ButconservationhasneverbeenastrongvaluetoAmericans,whohavebelievedthattheircountryofferedanendless,abundantsupplyofnaturalresources.

Recently,progresshasbeenmade—moreandmoreAmericansarerecyclingtheirpaper,cans,bottles,andothergoods—butoldwastefulhabitsdiehard.Furthermore,theneedtoprotecttheenvironmentmayconflictwiththeneedforjobs,asintheNorthwest,whereconservationistsbattlelumbercompaniesthatwanttocutdownancientredwoodtrees.AbeliefinthevalueofconservationisstillcomparedwithotherAmericanvalues;itcanbecomestrongeronlyasAmericansseetheneedforitmoreclearly.

Inaddition,Americansmayneedtoplaceastrongvalueoncooperationonanationalscaletoachieveimportantnationalobjectives.TheAmericanideaofthenationalgoodhasneverbeenbasedonnationalcooperationbutratheronthefreedomoftheindividual,maintainingthoseconditionsthatprovidethegreatestfreedomandprosperityfortheindividual.ItisfarmoredifficultforAmericanstoacceptsharedsacrificeforthecommongoodandwell-beingoftheentirecountry.Forexample,althoughthemajorityofAmericansbelievethatitisextremelyimportanttobalancethenationalbudgetandreducethedeficit,theydonotwanttoseecutsingovernmentprogramsthatbenefitthempersonally.

TheAmericanvalueofcompetitionalsohindersthedevelopmentofaspiritofnationalcooperation.Competitionsometimesencouragesfeelingsofsuspicionratherthanthemutualtrustthatisnecessaryforsuccessfulnationalcooperation.AlthoughAmericansoftencooperatesuccessfullyonthelocallevel—inneighborhoodgroupsandchurches,forexample—theybecomesuspiciouswhenthenationalgovernmentbecomesinvolved.Forexample,onthenationallevel,theymayseethemselvesaspartofaninterestgroupthatiscompetingwithotherinterestgroupsforgovernmentfunds.Arequestbythenationalgovernmentforsharedsacrificemaybeseenascoerciveanddestructiveratherthanvoluntaryandconstructive.However,thedemandsofthe21stcenturymaycompelAmericanstoplaceagreatervalueonnationalcooperationtosolveproblemsthataffectthemall,directlyandindirectly.

Thebesttitleofthispassagecouldbe______.

A.WhichisBetter,NewValueorOldValue

B.Conservationvs.NeedforJobs

C.TheNeedforNewNationalValues

D.CooperationandCompetition

27.PaulStraussmann,retiredvicepresidentofXerox,,indicatesinhisbookInformationPay-offthat"almosthalfoftheU.S.informationworkersareinexecutive,managerial,administrativeandprofessionalpositions."Hefurtherstatesthat"managersandprofessionalsspendmorethanhalfoftheirtimeincommunicatingwitheachother."

Inotherwords,peopleareacorporation'smostexpensiveresource.Foratypicaloffice,over90percentoftheoperatingbudgetisforsalaries,benefitsandoverhead.Withthisinvestment,isitanywonderthatmanagersarefocusingmoreandmoreattentiononemployeeproductivity?Theyrealizethatthepaperjunglecannotbetamedsimplybyhiringmorepeople.Toreceiveareturnontheirinvestment,wisecorporateexecutiveofficersarerealizingwhatindustrialistsandagriculturistslearnedlongago--efficienttoolsareessentialforincreasedproductivity.

Adirectrelationshipexistsbetweenefficientflowofinformationandthequalityandspeedoftheoutputoftheendproduct.Forthosecompaniesusingtechnology,theperdocumentcostofinformationprocessingisonlyafractionofwhatitwasafewyearsago.Thedecreasingcostofcomputersandperipherals(equipmenttiedtothecomputer)willcontinuetomaketechnologyacost-effectivetoolinthefuture.AnexampleofthistypeofsavingisillustratedinthecaseoftheWesternDivisionofGeneralTelephoneandElectronicsCompany(GTE).Bymakingaone-timeinvestmentof$10milliontoautomateitsfacilities,managementestimatesanannualsavingof$8.5millionforthecompany.Thissavingsisgainedmainlythroughtheeliminationofsupportpeopleonceneededforproposalprojects.Throughatelecommunicationsnetworkthatsupports150computerterminalswithgoodgraphicscapabilities,theengineerswhoconceptualizetheprojectsarenowdirectparticipants.Theyusethegraphicscapacitiesofthecomputerratherthanrelyondrafterstopreparedrawings,theyentertheirowntextratherthanemploytypists,andtheyusethenetworktotrackprojectprogressratherthanconductingmeetings.

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorquotesStraussmann'swordsinordertomakeclear

A.theimportanceofcommunicativecapabilityinbusiness

B.theneedforpeopleofhigherpositionsinacompany

C.theimportanceofassigningpeopletoproperpositions

D.thenecessityforpeopleinhigherpositionstoknowinformationscience

28.(78)

29.(68)

30.PartB

Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Periodicallyinhistory,therecomeperiodsofgreattransitioninwhichworkchangesitsmeaning.Therewasatime,perhaps10,000yearsago,whenhumanbeingsstoppedfeedingthemselvesbyhuntinggameandgatheringplants,andincreasinglyturnedtoagriculture.Inaway,thatrepresentedtheinventionof"work".

Then,inthelatterdecadesofthe18thcentury,astheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinGreatBritain,therewasanothertransitioninwhichthesymbolsofworkwerenolongerthehoeandtheplow;theywerereplacedbythemillandtheassemblyline.

66.______

WiththeIndustrialRevolution,machinery—poweredfirstbysteam,thenbyelectricityandinternalcombustionengines—tookoverthehardphysicaltasksandrelievedthestrainonhumanandanimalmuscles.

67.______

Andyet,suchjobshavebeencharacteristicofthehumanconditioninthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury.They'vemadetoolittledemandonthehumanmindandspirittokeepthemfreshandalive,madetoomuchdemandforanymachinetoservethepurposeuntilnow.

Theelectroniccomputer,inventedinthe1940'sandimprovedatbreakneckspeed,wasamachinethat,forthefirsttime,seemedcapableofdoingworkthathaduntilmenbeenthepreserveofthehumanmind.Withthecomingofthemicrochipinthe1970's,computersbecamecompactenough,versatileenoughand(mostimportantofall)cheapenoughtoserveasthebrainsofaffordablemachinesthatcouldtaketheirplaceontheassemblylineandintheoffice.

68.______

First,whatwillhappentothehumanbeingswhohavebeenworkingatthesedisappearingjobs?Second,wherewillwegetthehumanbeingsthatwilldothenewjobsthatwillappear—jobsthataredemanding,interestingandmind-exercising,butthatrequiresahigh-techlevelofthoughtandeducation?

69.______

Thefirstproblem,thatoftechnologicalunemployment,willbetemporary,foritwillariseoutofthefactthatthereisnowagenerationofemployeeswhohavenotbeeneducatedtofitthecomputerage.However,(inadvancednations,atleast)theywillbethelastgenerationtobesolacking,sothatwiththemthisproblemwilldisappearor,atleast,diminishtothepointofnon-crisisproportions.

Thesecondproblem—thatofdevelopingalargeenoughnumberofhigh-techmindstorunahigh-techworld—willbenoproblematall,onceweadjustourthinking.

70.______

Rightnow,creativityseemstobeconfinedtoaveryfew,anditiseasytosupposethatthatisthewayitmustbe.However,withtheproperavailabilityofcomputerizededucation,humanitywillsurprisetheelitefewonceagain.

A.Thereremained,however,the"easier"labor—thelaborthatrequiredthehumaneyes,ears,judgmentandmindbutnosweating.Itneverthelesshaditsmiseries,forittendedtobedull,repetitious,andboring.Andthereisalwaysthesoursenseofendlesslydoingsomethingunpleasantundercompulsion.

B.Foronething,muchofhumaneffortthatistodayputinto"runningtheworld"willbeunnecessary.Withcomputers,robotsandautomation,agreatdealofthedailygrindwillappeartoberunningitself.Thisisnothingstartling.ItisatrendthathasbeenrapidlyonitswayeversinceWorldWarII.

C.Andnowwestandatthebrinkofachangethatwillbethegreatestofall,forworkinitsoldsensewilldisappearaltogether.Tomostpeople,workhasalwaysbeenaneffortfulexercisingofmindorbody—compelledbythebitternecessityofearningthenecessitiesoflife—plusanoc

31.

Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

32.

WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Astronautshaveagoodjobwhichdemandshigh.

B.ThedivorcerateinNASAisverylow.

C.TheNASAastronautsmostlyfindfriendsfromamongtheirwork.

D.Thereisnoyoungermaninhistwentiesinthespaceship.

33.

WhatisthebasisfortheAmericannotionofnationalgood?

A.Individualfreedom.

B.Personalproperty.

C.Nationalcooperation.

D.BothAandB.

34.

Thephrase"talkingshop"(Line4,Para.6)probablymeans______.

A.talkingaboutshopping

B.discussingone'sworkwithcolleagues

C.exchangingpersonalnews

D.talkingwithfriendsinagroup

35.(77)

36.

______canbeusedtoheatyourwaterathomeinsteadofsomuchgasorelectricity?

37.

Theexpression"optoutofsuchdatacollection"(inthelastparagraph)probablymeans______.

A.pickoutfromsuchdatatheinformationoneneeds

B.shiftthroughsuchdatatocollectone'sowninformation

C.evaluatethepurposeforsuchdatacollection

D.choosenottobeinvolvedinsuchdatacollection

38.(73)

39.

HowmanystaleslevyimporttaxesintheU.S.A.?

A.4.B.50.C.46.D.54.

40.

Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans?

A.Theycoverallthecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingmen,butonlysomeofthoseaffectingwomen.

B.Theylackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkersthatproposedspeciallaborlawsforwomenwouldprovide.

C.Theypaythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirthonlyforthespousesofmaleemployees,notforfemaleemployees.

D.Theymeetminimumlegalrequirements,,butdonotadequatelysafeguardthehealthofeithermaleorfemaleemployees.

四、閱讀理解(5題)41.

第

43

題

Themainpointofthepassageisthatspecialprotectivelaborlawsforwomenworkersare__________.

42.

第

23

題

3.__________

43.

第

48

題

Whichofthefollowingmightbetheresultfromtheuseofefficienttechnologyincorporations?

44.

第

40

題

hasalimitintheageforthosewhowillliveoncampus?__________

45.

第

28

題

Theenclosuresofthel7thandl8thcenturiesmeantthat__________．

參考答案

1.BabyBoomgeneration

2.A

3.C

4.A

5.A

6.A

7.Eightyearsold

8.Totakeinformation

9.Providesgoods/servicework

10.Participationineconomy．

11.C

12.B

13.A

14.B

15.Manyweeks．

16.whowho解析：此空后的句子顯然為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“Behaviorists”，所以應(yīng)填一個(gè)who，引導(dǎo)修飾人的定語(yǔ)從句。

17.atat解析：某大學(xué)的教授，應(yīng)為“aprofessorat…university”，所以答案為介詞“at”。

18.whichwhich解析：此空后的句子應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“tokeneconomies”，故此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，而且前面可加介詞in。

19.againstagainst解析：guardagainst意為“防止，防范，警惕”，為固定短語(yǔ)，against，也可以省略。

20.whichwhich解析：由37題解析可知此空應(yīng)為一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，即which，其后的定語(yǔ)修飾“several(typesofcontamination)”。

21.offoff解析：turnoff是“關(guān)掉”的意思，此題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的用法，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，這里意思是“關(guān)掉你的手機(jī)”。所以用副詞“off”。

22.threatenthreaten解析：由33題解析可以知道此空一定為“威脅”之意。

23.happinesshappiness解析：根據(jù)上下文，日本年輕人更看重追求個(gè)人的幸福。所以此處應(yīng)填“happiness”。

24.reasonsreasons解析：本段的第一句話提出問(wèn)題，問(wèn)為什么在結(jié)算處擺設(shè)了那么多的商品。很明顯，后面的文章對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回答，并列舉了原因。故答案為reasons。

25.andand解析：“both…and…”為固定搭配，“兩者都”。所以此處應(yīng)填“and”。

26.C解析：文章開(kāi)始就提出“WhatnewvaluesshouldAmericansadopt?”指出美國(guó)人應(yīng)該具有什么樣的價(jià)值觀念。接著作者列出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，所以整個(gè)文章是圍繞著“價(jià)值觀念”的論點(diǎn)展開(kāi)。故應(yīng)選C。

27.A解析：由短文第一段最后一句“…managersandprofessionalsspendmorethanhalfoftheirtim