2022-2023學(xué)年山東省日照市高考一模英語(yǔ)試題

2020級(jí)高三模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題本試卷共三部分，共10頁(yè)。滿分120分。考試時(shí)間100分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的條形碼粘貼在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APoetryContestThecontestisopentoanyoneagedthirteenandupwhowritespoetry.Enteryourpoemforafreechancetowinprizes!Youcansubmitapoemonanytopic,employingwhateverstyleyouprefer.InformationNoentryfeeisrequiredforthecontest.Themaincontestisheldtwiceayear.ContestdatesareJanuary1—June30andJuly1—December31.Allwinnerswillreceivealetterandtheirprizeviaregularmail.Thefirstplacewinnerwillbecontactedbyphoneoremailandaskedtocallourofficetoconfirmtheiridentitybeforetheirprizeismailed.Assoonasthecompletelistofwinnersisdrawnup,itwillbepostedonthehomepage.Rules·OnlysubmitONEpoem,ONEtime.Onlyonepoemperhouseholdwillbeaccepted.·Poemmustbe26linesorfewer,includingstanzabreaksbutnotincludingthetitle,andlinesmaybenomorethan55charactersacross,includingspaces.·Donotuse“texting”lingo.Properlyspelloutallwordsandtypingthefirstwordofeachlineincapitalletter.·AllpoemsmustbewritteninEnglish.PrizesBothcontestsawardonefirstplaceprizeof$2,000.00andafirstprizewallplaque(匾牌)($100.00value);twentysecondplaceprizesof$100.00eachandasecondplacewallplaque($75.00value);onehundredthirdplacewinnersofathirdplacegiftcertificate($25.00value).Sixtytoseventypercentofallentriesbecomesemi-finalistsandreceiveacertificateofparticipationsuitableforframing.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthepoetrycontest?A.Itisafreecontest. B.Anyonecanenterforit.C.Allpoemswillbepublished. D.Eachcontestantwillgetareward.2.Whichofthefollowingwillcausedisqualification?A.Submittingonepoem. B.Composingapoemof23lines.C.WritingapoeminEnglish. D.Typingthepoemincapitalletters.3.Whatwillbeawardedtoathirdplacewinner?A.Awallplaque. B.Agiftcertificate. C.$25.00. D.$75.00.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了詩(shī)歌比賽相關(guān)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Information中的“Noentryfeeisrequiredforthecontest.(本次比賽無(wú)需報(bào)名費(fèi)。)”可知，詩(shī)歌比賽是一個(gè)免費(fèi)的比賽。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules中的“·Donotuse“texting”lingo.Properlyspelloutallwordsandtypingthefirstwordofeachlineincapitalletter.(·不要使用“短信”行話。正確拼出所有單詞，并將每行的第一個(gè)單詞大寫(xiě)。)”可知，用大寫(xiě)字母打這首詩(shī)會(huì)導(dǎo)致取消比賽資格。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes中的“onehundredthirdplacewinnersofathirdplacegiftcertificate（$25.00value）.(100名三等獎(jiǎng)得主將獲得一張三等獎(jiǎng)禮券（25美元）。)”可知，第三名會(huì)獲得禮品券。故選B。BElieWieselandhiswife,Marion,establishedTheElieWieselFoundationforHumanitysoonafterhewasawardedthe1986NobelPrizeforPeace.EllenDeGenereswouldbeagreatcandidatefortheHumanitarianoftheYearAward.DeGeneresisoutstandinginherawarenessofthoseinneed.Itisinthe‘how’Ellengivesthatmakesherexceptionalinkindness.Pwrote,“EllenDeGenereshasmadeapositiveimpact.ontheworldbyhelpingcancerpatients.EllenDeGenereshelpedTaliawithherlastdyingwishtobecomeamake-upartistandgavehera$20,000checkjustmonthsbeforeshedied.”Additionally,nearlyonadailybasis,sheprovidestothoseinneed:acarforafamilythatlosteverythingtoHurricaneSandy;anewcarand$15,000Sam’sClubgiftcardtoafamilythatsoldanythingnecessarytohavethemoneytoadoptfourboysfromGhana.ThesearejustafewofthethousandsofpeopleinneedthatEllenhashelped.AccordingtoL,Ellensupports44charitiesand30causes.WithBenAffleck,DeGenereslaunchedthe“SmallChangeCampaign”tobenefittheFeedingAmericaprogram,whichaidsAmericansthatcannotaffordfood.EllencontinueshersupportoftheHurricaneKatrinaReliefFundthroughtheAmericanRedCross.FundraisingforbreastcanceristhefocusoftheEllenfortheCurecampaign,runduringOctober’sBreastCancerAwarenessMonthonhertelevisionshow.DeGeneres’effortstohelpthehomelessaresubstantialaswell.FoxNewsfirstreportedthestoryofDerrickWaltonlastFebruary.Hewentfrombeinghomelessonthestreetstofeedingthousandsofhomelesspeople.AfterDeGeneresheardaboutthestory,shebroughthimtoappearonhershowwherehereceiveda$10,000checkandpromisedtokeephisoperationgoing.TheWaltonstoryisjustoneofmanystoriesinwhichDeGenereshaslentahelpinghandtothehomelessandmadeahugedifference.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutEllenfromParagraph2?A.Sheestablishedawebsite. B.Shefoughtagainstdisasters.C.Shealwayshelpstheneedy. D.Shehasadoptedfourchildren.5.WhatdoestheCurecampaignaimtodo?A.Raisemoneyforbreastcancer. B.Spreadtheprograminthemedia.C.Distributemoneytothepatientdirectly. D.RelievefundthroughtheAmericanRedCross.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeEllen?A.Positiveandbrave. B.Politeandhonest.C.Considerateandthoughtful. D.Generousandhelpful.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyEllenDeGeneresdeservestheawardB.WhowillberewardedtheNobelPrizeforPeaceC.WhatwebsitesreportedaboutEllenDeGeneres’storiesD.HowEllenDeGenereslaunchedSmallChangeCampaign【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了艾倫·德杰尼勒斯值得獲得年度人道主義獎(jiǎng)的原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DeGeneresisoutstandinginherawarenessofthoseinneed.(德杰尼勒斯對(duì)那些需要幫助的人的意識(shí)非常突出)”和“ThesearejustafewofthethousandsofpeopleinneedthatEllenhashelped.(這些只是艾倫幫助過(guò)的成千上萬(wàn)需要幫助的人中的一小部分)”可知，艾倫·德杰尼勒斯總是幫助有需要的人。故選C。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“FundraisingforbreastcanceristhefocusoftheEllenfortheCurecampaign,runduringOctober’sBreastCancerAwarenessMonthonhertelevisionshow.(為乳腺癌籌款是“艾倫為治愈”活動(dòng)的重點(diǎn)，該活動(dòng)在10月的乳腺癌宣傳月期間在她的電視節(jié)目中進(jìn)行)”可知，“治愈”活動(dòng)的目的是為乳腺癌籌集資金。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“DeGeneresisoutstandinginherawarenessofthoseinneed.(德杰尼勒斯對(duì)那些需要幫助的人的意識(shí)非常突出)”和“Pwrote,“EllenDeGenereshelpedTaliawithherlastdyingwishtobecomeamake-upartistandgavehera$20,000checkjustmonthsbeforeshedied.”Additionally,nearlyonadailybasis,sheprovidestothoseinneed:acarforafamilythatlosteverythingtoHurricaneSandy;anewcarand$15,000Sam’sClubgiftcardtoafamilythatsoldanythingnecessarytohavethemoneytoadoptfourboysfromGhana.ThesearejustafewofthethousandsofpeopleinneedthatEllenhashelped.(P寫(xiě)道：“艾倫·德杰尼勒斯在塔利亞去世前幾個(gè)月幫助她實(shí)現(xiàn)了成為一名化妝師的遺愿，并給了她一張2萬(wàn)美元的支票?！贝送猓龓缀趺刻於紴槟切┬枰獛椭娜颂峁椭簽橐粋€(gè)在颶風(fēng)桑迪中失去一切的家庭提供一輛汽車；一輛新車和價(jià)值萬(wàn)美元的山姆會(huì)員商店禮品卡送給一個(gè)家庭，這個(gè)家庭出售一切必需品，以獲得從加納收養(yǎng)四個(gè)男孩的錢。這些只是艾倫幫助過(guò)的成千上萬(wàn)需要幫助的人中的一小部分)”及全文可推斷，艾倫慷慨大方，樂(lè)于助人。故選D。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“EllenDeGenereswouldbeagreatcandidatefortheHumanitarianoftheYearAward.(艾倫·德杰尼勒斯是年度人道主義獎(jiǎng)的最佳候選人)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了艾倫·德杰尼勒斯值得獲得年度人道主義獎(jiǎng)的原因。由此可知，“WhyEllenDeGeneresdeservestheaward(為什么艾倫·德杰尼勒斯值得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng))”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。CGreatSmokyMountainsNationalParkliesonbothsidesoftheborderbetweenNorthCarolinaandTennessee.Itshighestpeakiscalled“ClingmansDome”.Butbeforeitgotthatname,theCherokeepeoplecalledthemountain“Kuwahi”.ItsitsonancestralCherokeehomelands.Sincetheancienttimes,thelandscape,includingmountainsandstreams,hasshapedthehistoryofCherokeepeople.Theyusedthatnameforhundredsofyears.Now,tribalmembersarehopingtoreturntotheKuwahiname.TheCherokeeNationoncespreadacrosswhatisnowGeorgia,NorthCarolina,TennesseeandAlabama.In1838,thetribewasforciblyrelocatedtopresent-dayOklahoma—inwhatwaslaterknownasthe“TrailofTears”.Throughsicknessandterribletravelconditions,nearly4,000Cherokeepeoplediedduringtheforcedremovalfromtheirhomeland.SomeCherokeemanagedtoavoidrelocationtoOklahomabygoingintohiding,includingonKuwahi.“We’reheretodaybecauseourancestorshidinthosemountains,specificallyinKuwahi,”Hillsaid.ThenamechangeoftheCherokee’smountaincamein1859,whengeographerandprofessorArnoldHenryGuyotlabeledKuwahi“ClingmansDome”.ThepeakwasnamedafterThomasLanierClingman,whowasastrongsupporterofslavery.ClingmanwasnotconnectedtotheCherokeepeopleinanyway.“NamingthemountainafterClingmaneraseseverythingthattheCherokeepeopleareinordertorenameitaftersomeonewithzerotiestoourcommunity.Hedidn’tevenlivehere,”saidHill.InJune2022,YellowstoneNationalPark’sMountDoanewasrenamedtoFirstPeoplesMountain.“Thatwasahugevictoryforourbrothersandsisters,”Hillsaid.“Ihopeit’sjustthebeginningofaccuratelyrecognizingandhonoringnumeroushistoricallysignificantsitesfortribesandnativepeoplenationwide.Thereweresomanyplacesthatwerespecialandimportanttonativepeoplepriortocolonization.Iwanttobethevoiceformypeople,formyancestors.”8.WhatdotheCherokeepeopleintendtodoaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Savetheirlanguage. B.GobacktotheirhomelandKuwahi.C.Reshapetheirhistory. D.Changethenamebackto“Kuwahi”.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThesadhistoryoftheCherokeepeople.B.TheshelteringplacefortheCherokeepeople.C.ThecausesofthedecreaseoftheCherokeepeople.D.ThetravelingrouteoftheancientCherokeeNation.10.WhatdoesHillthinkof“ClingmansDome”?A.ItisrelatedtothecultureoftheCherokeepeople.B.ItremindstheCherokeepeopleoftheirancestors.C.ItremoveseverythingabouttheCherokeehistory.D.ItreflectstheslavepositionoftheCherokeepeople.11.WhatdoesHillactuallymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Toaddgreathonortoherancestors. B.Tomakehishomelandwell-known.C.Toexpresstheopinionsofherpeople. D.Tonamemorehistoricallysignificantsites.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了切羅基人打算把大煙山國(guó)家公園最高峰的名字改回來(lái)，并講述了切羅基人的悲慘歷史。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butbeforeitgotthatname,theCherokeepeoplecalledthemountain“Kuwahi”.ItsitsonancestralCherokeehomelands.Sincetheancienttimes,thelandscape,includingmountainsandstreams,hasshapedthehistoryofCherokeepeople.Theyusedthatnameforhundredsofyears.Now,tribalmembersarehopingtoreturntotheKuwahiname.(在得名之前，切羅基人稱這座山為“Kuwahi”。它坐落在切羅基人祖先的家園上。自古以來(lái)，包括山川在內(nèi)的地貌就塑造了切羅基人的歷史。他們用這個(gè)名字幾百年了?，F(xiàn)在，部落成員希望恢復(fù)Kuwahi的名字)”可知，切羅基人打算改回“Kuwahi”。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“TheCherokeeNationoncespreadacrosswhatisnowGeorgia,NorthCarolina,TennesseeandAlabama.In1838,thetribewasforciblyrelocatedtopresent-dayOklahoma—inwhatwaslaterknownasthe“TrailofTears”.Throughsicknessandterribletravelconditions,nearly4,000Cherokeepeoplediedduringtheforcedremovalfromtheirhomeland.SomeCherokeemanagedtoavoidrelocationtoOklahomabygoingintohiding,includingonKuwahi.“We’reheretodaybecauseourancestorshidinthosemountains,specificallyinKuwahi,”Hillsaid.(切羅基民族曾經(jīng)分布在現(xiàn)在的佐治亞州、北卡羅來(lái)納州、田納西州和阿拉巴馬州。1838年，這個(gè)部落被強(qiáng)行遷移到今天的俄克拉荷馬州，也就是后來(lái)被稱為“血淚之路”的地方。由于疾病和惡劣的旅行條件，近4000名切羅基人在被迫離開(kāi)家園的過(guò)程中死亡。一些切諾基人設(shè)法避免搬遷到俄克拉何馬州，躲藏起來(lái)，包括在Kuwahi。希爾說(shuō)：“我們今天在這里，是因?yàn)槲覀兊淖嫦榷阍谀切┥缴?，特別是在庫(kù)瓦希)”可知，第二段主要講了切羅基人的悲慘歷史。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中““NamingthemountainafterClingmaneraseseverythingthattheCherokeepeopleareinordertorenameitaftersomeonewithzerotiestoourcommunity.Hedidn’tevenlivehere,”saidHill.(希爾說(shuō)：“以克林曼的名字命名這座山抹殺了切羅基人的一切，以一個(gè)與我們社區(qū)毫無(wú)關(guān)系的人的名字重新命名它。他甚至都不住在這里。”)”可知，希爾認(rèn)為“克林曼斯穹頂”刪除了關(guān)于切羅基人歷史的一切。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“InJune2022,YellowstoneNationalPark’sMountDoanewasrenamedtoFirstPeoplesMountain.“Thatwasahugevictoryforourbrothersandsisters,”Hillsaid.“Ihopeit’sjustthebeginningofaccuratelyrecognizingandhonoringnumeroushistoricallysignificantsitesfortribesandnativepeoplenationwide.Thereweresomanyplacesthatwerespecialandimportanttonativepeoplepriortocolonization.Iwanttobethevoiceformypeople,formyancestors.”(2022年6月，黃石國(guó)家公園的多恩山更名為第一人民山。希爾說(shuō):“這是我們兄弟姐妹的巨大勝利。我希望這只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始，準(zhǔn)確地認(rèn)識(shí)和尊重全國(guó)部落和土著人民的眾多歷史重要遺址。在殖民之前，有很多地方對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝藖?lái)說(shuō)是特別和重要的。我想為我的人民，為我的祖先發(fā)聲?！?”可推知，希爾在最后一段想表達(dá)她的人民的意見(jiàn)。故選C。DSetonaslopedplot(山坡)abovePragueinthecity’sTrojadistrict,VillaSophiahasnokeys,nolightswitchesandapianothatcanplaybyitself.ThehousecanclosethewindowswhenitrainsandreadaloudmaterialsithasselectedfromtheInternet,basedontheowners’interests.“Thehouseislikeabrain,”saidMichaelaPankova,whosharesthehomewithherhusband,KarelPanek,andtheirdaughters.“Itmakesdecisionsforyoubasedonpreviousexperience.”Thehome,designedbythePrague-basedfirmCollColl,isintendedtogobeyondautomatedtoautonomous.“Aswesay,ifwehavetocontrolitourselves,it’snotsmartenough,”saidMr.Panek,acomputerscientist.Thecouplewantednocompromisesinqualityandefficiency.Whentheycouldn’tfindatechnologythatmettheirstandards,Mr.Panek,thebrainbehindhishome’sbrain,designedhisownsystem.Whilefamilymembersgoabouttheirdailylives,thesystemcollectsdataandevaluatesthatdatainrealtime,thencomesupwithsolutionsandimplements(實(shí)施)them.Itcanacceptdeliverieswhenthefamilyisn’the,thankstoindividualdoorfromafarandvaluationofthehome’sexternalcontext.Itcanpreheatthedrivewaytoclearsnowandice(butonlyifitpredictsitsuse,savingenergyotherwise)andlockthedoors.Putenergyhomesecurityandconvenienceaside,thesystem’sbenefitisthatindevelopingbeyondasmarthomesystemtoasmarthomeitfreethehomeownerfromtheburdenofconstantcontrol.Mr.Panekcallshimselfatechnologyoptimist,andMrs.Pankovasaidittookhersometimetowramuptothesystem.“InthebeginningIwasn’tintotheideaoflivinginanAIhouse,”shesaid.“Duringthetimeofthepreparationandlatertheconstruction,Islowlystartedtobeopentotheidea.”12WhatcanbeinferredaboutthehousefromParagraph1?A.Itislocatedatthefootofahill. B.Itoperatesautomatically.C.Itfreesthefamilyfromwindandrain. D.Itispoorlyequippedwithfurniture.13.Whodidsomeextraworktoimprovethecontrolsystemofthehouse?A.CollColl. B.Mrs.Pankova. C.Mr.Panek. D.Thecouple’skids.14.Whatisthebestadvantageofthesmarthome?A.Pickingupdeliveries. B.Savingenergy.C.Preheatingthedriveway. D.Removingthetaskofconstantcontrol.15.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“warmupto”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Applyto. B.Adaptto. C.Turnto. D.Keepto.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一幢可以幫你收快遞、為你彈鋼琴的別墅?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Setonaslopedplot(山坡)abovePragueinthecity’sTrojadistrict,VillaSophiahasnokeys,nolightswitchesandapianothatcanplaybyitself.ThehousecanclosethewindowswhenitrainsandreadaloudmaterialsithasselectedfromtheInternet,basedontheowners’interests.(索菲亞別墅位于布拉格特羅亞區(qū)的一個(gè)斜坡上，沒(méi)有鑰匙，沒(méi)有電燈開(kāi)關(guān)，只有一架可以自己彈奏的鋼琴。下雨時(shí)，房子可以關(guān)上窗戶，并根據(jù)業(yè)主的興趣大聲朗讀從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上挑選的材料)”可推斷，房子的一切都是自動(dòng)操作的。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whentheycouldn’tfindatechnologythatmettheirstandards,Mr.Panek,thebrainbehindhishome’sbrain,designedhisownsystem.(當(dāng)他們找不到符合要求的技術(shù)，作為自家房子大腦背后的大腦的帕內(nèi)克自己設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng))”可知，帕內(nèi)克先生做了一些額外的工作來(lái)改善房子的控制系統(tǒng)。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Putenergyhomesecurityandconvenienceaside,thesystem’sbenefitisthatindevelopingbeyondasmarthomesystemtoasmarthomeitfreethehomeownerfromtheburdenofconstantcontrol.(撇開(kāi)能源家庭安全和便利性不提，該系統(tǒng)的好處是，在從智能家居系統(tǒng)發(fā)展到智能家居的過(guò)程中，它將房主從持續(xù)控制的負(fù)擔(dān)中解放出來(lái))”可知，該智能家居的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)是消除了持續(xù)控制的任務(wù)。故選D。【15題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文““InthebeginningIwasn’tintotheideaoflivinginanAIhouse,”shesaid.“Duringthetimeofthepreparationandlatertheconstruction,Islowlystartedtobeopentotheidea.”(“一開(kāi)始，我不喜歡住在人工智能房子里想法，”她說(shuō)，“在準(zhǔn)備和后來(lái)的施工過(guò)程中，我慢慢開(kāi)始接受這個(gè)想法?！?”可知，Mrs.Pankova花了一段時(shí)間才適應(yīng)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)。所以warmupto為“適應(yīng)”之意。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。We’realltoldtimeandagainhowimportantitistoexerciseforgoodhealth.Butwithourbusyschedules,findingthetimetoworkoutisofteneasiersaidthandone.___16___UKexerciseguidelinessuggestthatadultsshoulddoatleast150minutesofexerciseaweekforgoodhealth.___17___Itisaboutwhetherornotyoucanstillgetthebenefitsofexerciseifyousqueeze(擠出)itallinonaweekendinsteadofspreadingitthroughouttheweek.Arecentstudyfoundthatweekendexercisershada30%lowerriskofprematuredeathfromallcausescomparedtoinactivepeople.Riskofdeathfromheartdiseasewasalsoaround40%lower,whileriskofdeathfromalltypesofcancerwasaround18%lowercomparedtothosewhowereinactive.Buttheyalsofoundthatspreadingyourworkoutsthroughouttheweekwasassociatedwiththegreatestbenefitsforyourhealth.___18___Thatis,theyhada5%lowerriskofprematuredeathfromanycausecomparedtoweekendexercisers.___19___Itsuggeststhemoreexerciseyoudo,themorebeneficialitistoyourhealth.Butthisisonlytrueuptoacertainpoint—withresearchshowingthatdoingmorethanfivetimestheminimumrecommendedweeklyactivityhasnoaddedbenefits.It’swell-knownthatexerciseimprovesourheartfitness.Thisallowsustoexerciselongerandmoreintensely.___20___Thisisalsolikelythereasonwhypeoplewhoexerciseregularlyhavelowerriskofprematuredeathfromanycause.Butresearchshowsthathowoftenyouexerciseisalsoimportantforimprovingandmaintainingfitness.Regularexercisewillleadtoadaptationsthataregoodforhealth.A.Butdebateisgrowingaroundtheissue.B.Thisfindingisconsistentwithpreviousresearch.C.Regularlyactivepeoplehadthebesthealthoverall.D.Mostpeoplefindithardtodoexerciseattheweekend.E.Formanyofus,theweekendistheonlytimetoexercise.F.However,itmaycauseseriousdiseases,suchasheartattacks.G.Also,itimprovesotheraspectsofourhealthlikeloweringbloodpressure.【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.B20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)健康的重要性?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Butwithourbusyschedules,findingthetimetoworkoutisofteneasiersaidthandone.(但在我們繁忙的日程安排下，找時(shí)間鍛煉通常說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難。)”可知，因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)工作繁忙，所以大多數(shù)人只有周末有時(shí)間鍛煉。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Formanyofus,theweekendistheonlytimetoexercise.(對(duì)我們很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，周末是唯一鍛煉的時(shí)間。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前句“UKexerciseguidelinessuggestthatadultsshoulddoatleast150minutesofexerciseaweekforgoodhealth.(英國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)指南建議，為了身體健康，成年人每周至少應(yīng)該鍛煉150分鐘。)”和后句“Itisaboutwhetherornotyoucanstillgetthebenefitsofexerciseifyousqueeze(擠出)itallinonaweekendinsteadofspreadingitthroughouttheweek.(這是關(guān)于如果你把所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)都擠在一個(gè)周末，而不是分散在整個(gè)星期，你是否仍然能得到鍛煉的好處。)”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，每周運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)是分散還是集中進(jìn)行的問(wèn)題具有爭(zhēng)議性。所以選擇項(xiàng)A“Butdebateisgrowingaroundtheissue.(但圍繞這個(gè)問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論越來(lái)越多。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Buttheyalsofoundthatspreadingyourworkoutsthroughouttheweekwasassociatedwiththegreatestbenefitsforyourhealth.(但他們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一周中分散鍛煉對(duì)你的健康有最大的好處。)”和后句“Thatis,theyhada5%lowerriskofprematuredeathfromanycausecomparedtoweekendexercisers.(也就是說(shuō)，與周末鍛煉者相比，他們因任何原因過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了5%。)”可知，分散有規(guī)律的鍛煉對(duì)健康更好。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Regularlyactivepeoplehadthebesthealthoverall.(經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)的人總體健康狀況最好。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文和后句“Itsuggeststhemoreexerciseyoudo,themorebeneficialitistoyourhealth.(這表明，你做的運(yùn)動(dòng)越多，對(duì)你的健康越有益。)”可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)越多越健康，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與之前的研究相一致。所以選擇項(xiàng)B“Thisfindingisconsistentwithpreviousresearch.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與之前的研究一致。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“It’swell-knownthatexerciseimprovesourheartfitness.Thisallowsustoexerciselongerandmoreintensely.(眾所周知，運(yùn)動(dòng)可以改善我們的心臟健康。這可以讓我們鍛煉得更久、更激烈。)”可知，這里繼續(xù)陳述運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“Also,itimprovesotheraspectsofourhealthlikeloweringbloodpressure.(此外，它還能改善我們健康的其他方面，比如降低血壓。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A17-year-oldteenager,AnikaPuri,hasinventedalow-costtooltospotelephantpoachers(偷獵者)inrealtime.Shewonthe2022PeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunicationforhermodelofamachine-learning-drivensoftwarethat___21___movementpatternsinthermalvideosofhumansandelephants.“I’mespeciallyexcitedbythe___22___focusingonendangeredspeciesandenvironmentalscience,”Purisaid.DuringarecenttriptoIndia,Purirealizedthatelephantswerestillbeing___23___fortheirtusks(牙).“Iwasquitetakenaback,”Purisaid.“BecauseIalwaysthought,‘well,poachingis___24___;howcomeitreallyisstillsuchabig___25___?’”O(jiān)verthenexttwoyears,Puri___26___thesoftwareEISa(shortforelephantsavior).Thiswildlifepoacherdetectionsolutionisbasedona___27___process:anEISacameraattachedtoamobilephone___28___overaparkonadroneand___29___themovementsofelephantsorhumans.Thesoftwareisfourtimesmore____30____thanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsodecreasesthe____31____forexpensivehigh-resolutionthermalcameras.The17-year-old’sinventionhaseared____32____fromnotablescientists.“Puri’ssoftwareisquiteadmirable,”saysJasperEikelboom,anecologist,“It’squite____33____thatasenorhighschoolstudenthasbeenableto____34____somethinglikethis.Notonlytheresearchandtheanalysis,butalsobeingableto____35____itinthemodels.”21.A.analyzes B.changes C.repeats D.draws22.A.discovery B.invention C.theory D.concept23.A.trained B.protected C.killed D.raised24.A.dangerous B.harmful C.unnecessary D.illegal25.A.issue B.business C.burden D.effect26.A.used B.created C.downloaded D.sold27.A.similar B.natural C.simple D.gradual28.A.passes B.spreads C.jumps D.flies29.A.detects B.controls C.stops D.directs30.A.expensive B.accurate C.active D.complex31.A.wish B.value C.need D.preparation32.A.income B.praise C.qualification D.confidence33.A.strange B.essential C.mysterious D.Remarkable34.A.achieve B.record C.imagine D.learn35.A.absorb B.repair C.mix D.apply【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了17歲的少年安妮卡·普里發(fā)明了一種低成本的工具，可以實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)大象偷獵者。介紹了其發(fā)明經(jīng)過(guò)和科學(xué)家的看法?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她以機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)驅(qū)動(dòng)的軟件模型獲得了2022年佩吉·斯克里普斯科學(xué)傳播獎(jiǎng)，該軟件分析了人類和大象熱視頻中的運(yùn)動(dòng)模式。A.analyzes分析；B.changes改變；C.repeats重復(fù)；D.draws畫(huà)畫(huà)。根據(jù)后文“movementpatternsinthermalvideosofhumansandelephants”指分析運(yùn)動(dòng)模式。故選A。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：普里說(shuō):“這項(xiàng)專注于瀕危物種和環(huán)境科學(xué)的發(fā)明讓我特別興奮?！盇.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.invention發(fā)明；C.theory理論；D.concept概念。根據(jù)后文“The17-year-old’sinvention”可知這是一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的一次印度之行中，普里意識(shí)到，大象仍在被獵殺以獲取象牙。A.trained訓(xùn)練；B.protected保護(hù)；C.killed殺死；D.raised籌集。根據(jù)后文“fortheirtusks”可知，大象仍在被獵殺以獲取象牙。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“因?yàn)槲乙恢痹谙?，’嗯，偷獵是非法的；為什么這仍然是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題？’”A.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B.harmful有害的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.illegal非法的。根據(jù)上文“poachingis”指偷獵是非法的。故選D。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“因?yàn)槲乙恢痹谙?，’嗯，偷獵是非法的；為什么這仍然是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題？’”A.issue問(wèn)題；B.business生意；C.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；D.effect影響。此處指非法偷獵這一問(wèn)題。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的兩年里，普里創(chuàng)造了軟件EISa(大象救世主的縮寫(xiě))。A.used使用；B.created創(chuàng)造；C.downloaded下載；D.sold出售。結(jié)合后文“The17-year-old’sinvention”可知，這個(gè)軟件是他創(chuàng)造的。故選B。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這種檢測(cè)野生動(dòng)物偷獵者的解決方案基于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的過(guò)程:一個(gè)連接在手機(jī)上的EISa攝像頭在無(wú)人機(jī)上飛過(guò)公園，檢測(cè)大象或人類的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.similar相似的；B.natural自然的；C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；D.gradual逐漸的。根據(jù)后文“anEISacameraattachedtoamobilephone”可知，過(guò)程只需要一個(gè)連接在手機(jī)上的EISa攝像頭在無(wú)人機(jī)上飛過(guò)公園，很簡(jiǎn)單。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種檢測(cè)野生動(dòng)物偷獵者的解決方案基于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的過(guò)程:一個(gè)連接在手機(jī)上的EISa攝像頭在無(wú)人機(jī)上飛過(guò)公園，檢測(cè)大象或人類的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.passes通過(guò)；B.spreads傳播；C.jumps跳躍；D.flies飛。根據(jù)后文“overaparkonadrone”可知，是無(wú)人機(jī)飛過(guò)公園。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種檢測(cè)野生動(dòng)物偷獵者的解決方案基于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的過(guò)程:一個(gè)連接在手機(jī)上的EISa攝像頭在無(wú)人機(jī)上飛過(guò)公園，檢測(cè)大象或人類的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.detects發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.controls控制；C.stops停止；D.directs指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)后文“themovementsofelephantsorhumans”指無(wú)人機(jī)檢測(cè)大象或人類的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：該軟件比現(xiàn)有的最先進(jìn)的檢測(cè)方法準(zhǔn)確4倍。A.expensive昂貴的；B.accurate精確的；C.active活躍的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)前后文“Thesoftwareisfourtimesmore…thanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods”指該軟件比現(xiàn)有的最先進(jìn)的檢測(cè)方法準(zhǔn)確4倍。故選B。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它還減少了對(duì)昂貴的高分辨率熱感攝像機(jī)的需求。A.wish希望；B.value價(jià)值；C.need需要；D.preparation準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)后文“forexpensivehigh-resolutionthermalcameras”可知，軟件只需要無(wú)人機(jī)，即還減少了對(duì)昂貴的高分辨率熱感攝像機(jī)的需求。故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)17歲的發(fā)明受到了著名科學(xué)家的贊揚(yáng)。A.income收入；B.praise贊美；C.qualification資格；D.confidence自信。根據(jù)后文“Puri’ssoftwareisquiteadmirable”可知，發(fā)明受到了贊揚(yáng)。故選B。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)高中生能取得這樣的成就，真是太了不起了。A.strange奇怪的；B.essential必要的；C.mysterious神秘的；D.remarkable非凡的。結(jié)合上文“Puri’ssoftwareisquiteadmirable”可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他的發(fā)明是出色卓越的。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)高中生能取得這樣的成就，真是太了不起了。A.achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.record記錄；C.imagine想象；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后文“somethinglikethis.Notonlytheresearchandtheanalysis,butalsobeingableto”指取得這樣的成就。故選A。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不僅是研究和分析，而且能夠應(yīng)用到模型中。A.absorb吸收；B.repair修理；C.mix混合；D.apply應(yīng)用。根據(jù)后文“itinthemodels”指應(yīng)用到模型中。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Arobothasbeentaughttolaughatjokestomakeitmorehuman.ResearchersareusingAItotrainrobotsaboutappropriatelaughter,and___36___（distinguish）betweenchucklesandscreams.Theydescribed___37___（work）witharobotcalledEricainthehopeofmakingaconversationmorenatural.“Wethinkthatoneoftheimportant___38___（function）ofconversationalAlissympathy,”saidDrKojiInoue,aprofessor.“Aconversationis,ofcourse,multimodal,notjustrespondingcorrectly.Sowedecidedthatonewayarobotcanempathize（共情）withusersistosharetheirlaughter,___39___youcannotdowithatext-basedchatbot.”Creatinga“___40___（share）laughter”model,theresearchersusedAItohelpdetectlaughteranddecidewhethertolaughandwhatkindoflaughterwouldbe___41___（good）.FourshortdialoguesbetweenrealpeopleandErica___42___（use）totestthesystem,whichperformedwell.However,theexpertssaidthereismoreworktodotocreate___43___（true）naturallaughtersituations.DrInouesaid,“Therobotshouldactuallyhave___44___distinctcharacter,anditcanshowthischaracterthroughitsconversationalbehaviors,suchaslaughing,yegaze,gesturesandspeakingstyles.Itmaywelltakemorethan10to20yearsbeforewecanfinallyhaveacasualchat____45____arobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”【答案】36.todistinguish37.working38.functions39.which40.shared41.better42.wereused43.truly44.a45.with【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹研究人員正在使用人工智能來(lái)訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人適當(dāng)?shù)男β??！?6題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：研究人員正在使用人工智能來(lái)訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人如何發(fā)出適當(dāng)?shù)男β?，并區(qū)分咯咯笑和尖叫。usesth.todosth.用某物做某事。根據(jù)并列連詞and前的totrainrobotsaboutappropriatelaughter可知，用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故填todistinguish?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們描述了與一個(gè)名為Erica的機(jī)器人合作，希望能讓對(duì)話更自然。describedoingsth.描述做某事。故填working。【38題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：“我們認(rèn)為會(huì)話人工智能的重要功能之一是同情”，教授井上浩二博士說(shuō)。oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填functions?！?9題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：所以我們認(rèn)為，機(jī)器人與用戶產(chǎn)生共情的一種方式就是分享他們的笑聲，這是基于文本的聊天機(jī)器人無(wú)法做到的。指代前面的一句話，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。故填which?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：研究人員創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)“共享笑聲”模型，利用人工智能來(lái)幫助檢測(cè)笑聲，并決定是否笑，以及什么樣的笑會(huì)更好。名詞laughter與share之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以前用-ed形式形容詞修飾。故填shared?！?1題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：