Unit+5+詞匯講解【高效備課精研+知識精講提升】 高中英語 課件（人教版2019）（必修第三冊）

詞匯講解Unit5TheValueofMoney重難點詞精講scene一詞多義熟詞生義spot一詞多義搭配義basis搭配義judge一詞多義熟詞生義daresortindicate搭配義一詞多義odd一詞多義用法正式用語與非正式用語apologise搭配義1.basisbasisn

[C](plbases)根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)：onaregularbasis

Sincethen,ithasbecomethebasisofanentirefoodcultureinIsrael.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisof

herqualification.bas-(low低的)+-is→低處→基礎(chǔ)，同根詞：base,basic2.apologiseapology詞源故事公元前399年，古希臘哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底被雅典政府以“褻瀆神靈、敗壞青年”的罪名起訴。蘇格拉底在由500人組成的陪審團面前做了著名的申辯，但申辯并沒能挽救他自己。蘇格拉底最終被判處死刑，飲毒而亡。他的學(xué)生柏拉圖將他這篇申辯詞記錄下來，流傳后世?！吧贽q”一詞在希臘語中寫作apologia，意思是“自我辯護的演講”。這就是英語單詞

apology的來源。由于自我辯護時需要先表達歉意，“道歉”和“辯解”總是聯(lián)系在一起，所以apology衍生出“道歉”之意。構(gòu)詞：apology(道歉)+-ise(使……)n[C]&[U]道歉；歉意：acceptsb’sapology

owesbanapology

Ithinkwe’reowedanimmediateapology.Hewantedtomakeasincereapologyto

Jimmy

fornotgoingtohisparty.apologeticadj

道歉的；愧疚的apologyapologise(apology+-ise)vi

道歉；表示歉意：Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologise.It’snoteasyforanyonetosaysorry.apologise(tosb)for(doing)sth:Weapologiseforthelatedepartureofthisflight.3.judge“不要以貌取人”這句話還有很多說法。其中一個著名的版本出自《圣經(jīng)約翰福音》第7章。原文是“Neverjudge

fromappearances,butjudge

withrightjudgment.”“不可按外貌定是非，總要按公平斷定是非”。即不可以貌取人，判斷事物不應(yīng)受表面現(xiàn)象蒙蔽。Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.Youmightmissoutanamazingstory!judgev.vi&vt

判斷toformanopinionaboutsb/sth：Judgingfrom

hertone,there’snodoubtthatsheisagainstit.Judgingbytheopinionpolls,heseemstobesucceeding.

vt

估計

toguessthesize,amount,etc.ofsth：It’sdifficultto

judgehowlongthejourneywilltake.

vt&vi評價

tobecriticalaboutsb,todecidewhethersbisgoodorbadIreallydon’tknowhowtojudgeapicture.Withoutthesethereisnoagreedstandardagainstwhichtojudgeitsperformance.

vt&vi裁判；評判：ShewasaskedtojudgetheEnglishspeechcompetition.

vt

審判；判決：judgeacase/judgesbguiltyn[C]

法官；裁判員；鑒定人：Shewassittingasatemporaryjudgeofthecase.judge

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖vn判斷judge（基本義）根據(jù)所見、所聞、所學(xué)“判斷”某事物“判斷”大小、數(shù)量等不公正或批評地對某人作出“判斷”“判斷”比賽結(jié)果“判斷”案件審判；判決判斷估計評價裁判；評判裁判員鑒定人法官judg(e)ment

[U]判斷力；辨別力theabilitytoformopinionsortomakesensibledecisions：Youshouldrelyonyourownjudgementinchoosingafriend.

[C]&[U]意見；看法；評價anopinionthatyouformafterthinkingcarefully：makeajudgementon/aboutIworkveryefficientlyandamdecisive,andaccurateinmyjudgment.

[C]&[U]審判4.scene場記板是上面寫著場次（scene）、鏡次、導(dǎo)演、片名、影片公司等資料的小木板。一端可以開合，打板時發(fā)出清脆的響聲，以便剪接時使用。（戲劇等的）一場；（電影的）一個鏡頭；場景：ActI,Scene3

ThemovieopenswithasceneinaNewYorkapartment.

[常用單數(shù)]事發(fā)地點；現(xiàn)場：Firefighterswereonthesceneimmediatelywhenthefirebrokeout.Photographsofthe

crimescenebegan

toarrivewithinlessthantwentyminutes.景色；景象aviewthatyousee：Thebeautyofthescenemovedeveryspectator.scene

n[C]基本義——場景

情景；場面：Thehappysceneofchildrenplayinginthegardenremindedhimofhischildhood!

[非正式用語][單數(shù)]活動領(lǐng)域；圈子：TheBeatlesbecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland.2019浙江TheBeatles

甲殼蟲樂隊，英國搖滾樂隊(rockband)，由約翰·列儂

(JohnLennon)、林戈·斯塔爾(RingoStarr)、保羅·麥卡特尼(PaulMcCartney)和喬治·哈里森(GeorgeHarrison)四名成員組成。1960年，樂隊于英格蘭利物浦市(Liverpool)成立，其音樂風(fēng)格(style)源自20世紀(jì)50年代的搖滾樂(rockandroll)，并開拓了迷幻搖滾、流行搖滾等曲風(fēng)。scene語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖場景scene基本義舞臺/影視里的一個場景案發(fā)現(xiàn)場的場景自然景色的場景事件的場景社會活動的場景(戲劇等的)一場；(電影的)一個鏡頭；場景事發(fā)地點；現(xiàn)場景色；景象情景；場面活動領(lǐng)域；圈子5.spotspot斑點污點粉刺spotn[C]點；斑點；污點；粉刺：Shewasstillthere,ayellowspotunderanorangeunbrella.Mydoghasabig,blackspotonhisback.Someoftheteenagersworryabouttheirchangingvoice,weightproblemsorspots.

地點；場所：Ascenic/beautifulspot

ThemostbeautifulspotalongtheYangtzeRiveristheThreeGorges.a/thebrightspot

亮點；困境中使人高興的事onthespot

當(dāng)場；立即；在現(xiàn)場：Anambulancewasonthespotwithinafewminutes.putsbonthespot（故意提出難題）使某人難堪：Thequestionthattheintervieweraskedreallyputhimonthespot.vt[不用于進行時]看見；看出；發(fā)現(xiàn)toseeornotice：Michael,you’remybother,Icanspotyouanywhereregardlessofyourmake-up.spottedadj

有斑點的；有污跡的

vi

[不用于進行時]敢；膽敢：Hedidn’tdarelookovertheedge.

daretodosth:MostpeoplehateHarry,buttheydon’tdaretosayso.

vt

激將；激：daresbtodosth:TheydaredTomtostealabottleofhisfather’swhiskey.modalv

[接不帶to的不定式；多用于條件句、疑問句、否定句]敢；竟敢：Idarenotgowinterswimmingalone.

Don’tyoudaretellherwhatI

said!Noonedaredtalkaboutit.

n[C]激將；挑戰(zhàn)?

daring

adj

勇敢的；敢于冒險的6.darevn[C]種類；類型(type/kind)：Thissortof

ofbehaviorwillnotbetolerated.Ihavetriedallsortsof

drugs,creams,pillsandpotions.Whatsortof

pricewereyouthinkingof?sortof

有幾分；有點：—DoyouknowwhatImean?—Sortof.7.sort

vt把……分類/整理：Nowsortedyourlist

intotwocategories--positiveandnegativeemotions.s.sortout(from)

（從……中）挑選出；整理；處理：Leavingchildrentosortouttheirownproblemscansometimesbegoodtotheirdevelopment.Couldyousortoutthetoysthatcanbethrownaway?8.indicate

vt

[正式用語]指示；指出

todirectsb’sattentiontosb/sth,especiallybypointing：Thearrowonasignindicatesthewaytogo.

表明；顯示toshow

thatsthisprobablytrueorexists：Earlyresultsindicatethatthegovernmentwillbereturnedtopower.

示意；暗示tosayordosthtomakeyourwishes,intentionsetc.clear：Thismeasuremayindicateproblemsinthesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.Hesmilesandnods,

indicatingthat

everythingisfine.indication

n[C]&[U]跡象；表示；標(biāo)示in-(toward對)+dic(tosay說)+-ate→針對某事說清楚→指示；指出9.odd奇怪的；怪異的：TheBritishhaveaveryoddsenseofhumor.It’soddthat

shedidn’treplyourletter.

［只用于名詞前］偶爾發(fā)生的：odd

jobs

［常用于名詞前］（一雙或一套中）不成對的：odd

socks/gloves/shoes

againstall(the)odds

盡管困難重重：Whenwevisitedthewardthenextmorning,wewereamazedtoseethatagainstallodds,bothboyswerestillalive.oddadj正式用語與非正式用語Informal/Neutral（中性的）Formal/Written在書本的下方_______thebookbeneaththebook發(fā)生happen___________征求建議askforadvice_________advice在某方面幫助某人helpsbwithsth_________sbwithsth把任務(wù)委托給某人makesbresponsibleforthetask_________thetasktosb回答（v）_________respond使某人害怕_________/frightensbterrifysb因此so_________容許某人進入某地allowsbtoenteraplace/letsbin_________sbto/intoaplace根據(jù)所給提示完成表格。underoccurseekassistentrustanswerscarethereforeadmit重難點詞精講pursue搭配義辨析義duty一詞多義搭配義intention一詞多義【溫故】intend

vt

打算；想要toplanormeantodosth（必修二Unit2）Iintendnoharm.①

intenddoing/todostWhatdoyouintenddoing/todowhenyougetthere?②intendsb/sthtodosth:Weintendthemtofollowtheserules.③intend+that從句：Weintendthat/Itisintendedthat

theseplans(should)becarriedoutnextmonth.?intended

adj（為……）打算的：Itisintendedfor

display

informationofthefirealarmandfailurealarm.Hisvisitisintendedto

strengthentiesbetweenthetwocountries.日常用語中更常用endintention

n[C]&[U]意圖；目的(aim/purpose)：Ihavenointentionof

allowingyoutoliveherealone.Thisprogramwassetup

withtheintentionof

providinghelpforhomelesspeople.IhaveeveryintentionofpayingherbackwhatIowedhertwoyearsago.【知新】intention

尤指近期的打算、意圖，是正式用語。She’sfullofgoodintentionsbuttheyrarelyworkout.plan

通常但不總是指較長遠的計劃、安排。Detailsoftheplantobuildnewofficessoonleakedout.purpose

指做某事的原因，含有要成就某事的強烈感覺，較正式。Weareworkingtogetherforacommonpurpose.aim

指要達到或嘗試達到的目的；即可指某人的目的，也可指某事的目的。Secretexperimentswerecarriedoutonhumanswiththeaimofcreatingasuperman.析辨intention,plan,purpose,aim11.pursuepursue

vt[正式用語]

追趕；追捕：pursueathief/theenemy

追求：pursue

acareer/

agoal/anaim/anobjectiveShecontinuedto

pursuehisgoalofbecominganactor.LilydecidedthatshewouldsettleinNewYorkand

pursueherdream

ofbecominganactress.人教新必修③–5Somepeoplehungerforfameandfortunewhilesomeotherspursuehappiness.pur-(forward向前)+sue(tofollow跟隨)→向前跟隨→追趕追趕人為了得到而追趕

繼續(xù)進行tocontinue(doing)sth：Agoodreporterwillpursueastoryuntilheorsheknowsallthefacts.Wewillpursuethispolicywithdetermination.pursue

thematter/argument/question繼續(xù)追趕某件事12.duty翻譯詞塊：studentonduty

[C]&[U]（道德或法律上的）責(zé)任；義務(wù)：a

senseofdutyItisthedutyof

everyfamilytomakeitcleanandbeautifulfortheircommunity.Toobeythelawsiseveryone’sduty.

[C][用復(fù)數(shù)]（工作）任務(wù)；職責(zé)：YourdutiesWillincludesettingupanewcomputersystem.Nomatterwhatwedo,wemustcarryoutourduties.

[U]值班：Everyoneshouldreportforduty

at8am.dutyn基本義——義務(wù)?

[C]&[U]（購物繳納的）稅；關(guān)稅：Forchildren,there’sagamesroomnexttotheduty-free

shop.Import

dutiesstillaverage30%.常用搭配doone’sduty

盡自己的責(zé)任：It’seasiertodoone’sdutytoothersthantooneself.on/offduty

值/下班；值/不值勤：Hegoesondutyat8amandcomesoffdutyat5pm.（工作）任務(wù)；職責(zé)（道德或法律上的）責(zé)任；義務(wù)義務(wù)duty（基本義）工作中承擔(dān)的“義務(wù)”道德或法律上的“義務(wù)”值班上班/在崗的“義務(wù)”duty

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖(購物繳納的)稅；關(guān)稅購物需繳納稅費“義務(wù)”重難點詞精講normal辨析義搭配義maintain一詞多義英語釋義hesitate名詞動詞化element熟詞生義搭配義permit&permission搭配義manner一詞多義英語釋義搭配義一詞多義broad13.hesitateBetweengeniusanddiligence,Idonothesitateto

choosediligence.

Sheisalmostalltheachievementsintheworld. —Einstein在天才和勤奮兩者之間，我毫不遲疑地選擇勤奮。她是幾乎世界上一切成就的催產(chǎn)婆。

——愛因斯坦阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦（AlbertEinstein），出生于德國，畢業(yè)于蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院，猶太裔物理學(xué)家。后移居美國。主要成就有提出光量子假說（LightQuantumHypothesis），解決光電效應(yīng)（photoelectriceffect）問題，創(chuàng)立狹義相對論（SpecialRelativity）、廣義相對論（GeneralRelativity）等。hesitatevi

躊躇；猶豫；顧慮：

Ifsomeoneasksyouout,neverhesitate.hesitatetodosth：Thisrequiredtoughdecisions,buthedidn’thesitatetomakethem.Don’thesitatetoaskthepoliceifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingsafety.

hesitateabout/over：Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.?hesitationn[U]&[C]

躊躇；猶豫：Iagreedwithherwithouttheslightest

hesitation.Theissuewillbesolvedina(n)_____________（方式）thatisfairtobothsides.way

正式用語根據(jù)所給漢語，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。14.manner/manner詞源解讀：manner的詞源義及基本義是“方式；方法”。manner

[常用單數(shù)][正式用語]方式；方法thewaythatsthisdoneorhappens：

Shesmiledtomeagaininafriendlymanner.

[常用單數(shù)]舉止；態(tài)度

thewaythatsbbehavestowardsotherpeople：Ifelttherewasacertaincoldnessinhermanner.mannern基本義待人處事的“方式、方法”[復(fù)數(shù)]禮貌；禮儀politewaysofbehavinginsocialsituations：table

manners

It’s

badmanners

to

talkwithyourmouthfull.Hismostimportantideasinthisbookarekindnessand

goodmanners..常用搭配allmannerof

[正式用語]各種各樣的：Butthatdecisionwouldbefraughtinallmannerofotherways.ina...manner

用……的方式/

態(tài)度：Marybecamequitesevereinher

manner.Shegreetedeachotherinafriendlymanner.社會公認的社交“方式”manner語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖方式；方法（基本義）

禮貌；禮儀舉止；態(tài)度待人處事的“方式；方法”社會公認的社交“方式”15.broadbroadband寬帶

寬闊的；廣闊的反

narrow：abroadstreet

/smileThehillsrisegreenandsheerabovethebroadriver.Hewastall,muscularwithbroadshouldersandabeard.

廣泛的反

narrow：IhaveabroadrangeofknowledgebecauseIreadextensively.

概括性的；粗略的：Two

broadpredictionsaboutthesubjectspringtomymind.inbroaddaylight在光天化日之下broadadj基本義范圍寬的內(nèi)容寬的、不追求細節(jié)的兩者都有“寬的”之意。broad

帶有主觀意向，不可丈量。常用來形容身體部位，如肩、胸、額頭、背部等。Hisshoulderswere

broadandhiswaistnarrow.wide

側(cè)重指從一邊到另一邊的距離，可以丈量。但也可修飾身體部位如口、眼。Samopenedhismouthwidewithhorror.辨析

broad,widebroaden

vt&vi（使）變寬；（使）擴大：Readingisreallygoodtoapersombecausewecanlearnalotfrombooksandbroadenourhorizons.broadly

adv

寬地；大體上：broadly

speakingsmile

broadly詞匯拓展

正常的；平常的typical,usualorexpected：normalworkinghours/a

normal

life

itisnormal(forsb)todosth:It’snormalforustofeeltiredaftersuchalongtrip.

智力正常的；精神健全的反

abnormal：normaln[U]正常狀態(tài)/水平/數(shù)量等：above/belownormalgoback/return

tonormal

恢復(fù)正常：Thecrisishaspassedandlifewillgobacktonormalsoon.

16.normaladjnorm-（正規(guī)、常規(guī)）+-al（形容詞后綴）→常規(guī)的→正常的同族詞：normal,abnormal,abnormally,normally通常；平常usually：Socialprogressis

normally

amatterofstrugglesandconflicts.正常地反abnormally：Normally,thenextcyclewouldbeexpectedtostartroughlyaround2020.normallyadvcommon

側(cè)重表示普遍的、常見的。Themostcommoncomplaintisaboutpoorservice.normal

側(cè)重指正常的、平常的。Mondayisanormalworkingdayformostpeople.usual

表示由于長時間沒有變化而形成了一種習(xí)慣或制度，強調(diào)習(xí)慣性。Herlatestbookisn’tuptoherusualstandard.ordinary

側(cè)重表示平常、平凡、無奇特之處，形容人時可與common通用。Herpaintingsdescribethelivesofordinarypeopleinthelastcentury.辨析

common,normal,usual,ordinary17.elementelementn[C]

要素；基本部分：Sugarisnot

animportantelementin

bread,butflourisessential.

Moneyisakeyelementinourdecision.

（化學(xué)）

元素

［復(fù)數(shù)］［與the連用］惡劣天氣：Asanaturephotographer,Ihavetobravetheelements.18.maintain詞源解讀：main-(=man,hand手)+-tain(tohold拿)→用手拿著保持不動→維持maintainvt

保持；維持tomakesthcontinueatthesamelevel,standard,etc.：Nowadaysfewpeopleareabletomaintainfriendshipsintoadulthoodbecausedifferentlifestyle.

維護；保養(yǎng)tokeepsthingoodconditionbycheckingandrepairingit：maintainmachinery/road/stability

Youngwomenintimelearnhowtomaintaintheirownskin.

堅持認為tokeepsayingthatsthistrueevenwhenothersdisagreeordonotbelieveit(insist)：He

maintainedthat

thecapitalshouldemploythelabor.

maintain語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖維持；保持maintain（基本義）“維持”抽象事物“維持”具體事物保持；維持維護；保養(yǎng)堅持認為“維持”觀點外國人在中國居住和工作，需要有居留許可證(residencepermit)、就業(yè)證(employmentpermit)。如果你在外國留學(xué)期間工作，也需要有許可證。residencepermit

居留許可證employmentpermit

就業(yè)證19.permit&permission同根詞：admit:

ad-(to去)+mit(toletgo,send放行、送)→容許……進入commit:

com-(together一起)

+mit(tosend送)→將人送去承擔(dān)義務(wù)等

→（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證transmit:

trans-(across越過)

+mit(tosend送)→輸送；傳送permit

詞源解讀per-

(through通過)+mit(tosend送)→送過去使通過→許可；準(zhǔn)許permitv

[正式用語]vt

許可；準(zhǔn)許toallowsthtohappenorsbtodosth反forbid:Mobilephoneconversationsarenot

permittedanywhere

inthelibrary.2013

天津①permitsbsth:Pleasepermitmeafeww