廣東省廣州市天河區(qū)2019高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解及解析(科普類)03專題訓(xùn)練(含解析)

閱讀理解（科普類）03六、Mostdamagingly,angerweakensaperson'sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhisbehaviour.Theangrypersonlosesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceofthepersonorsituationthatarouseshisanger.Noteveryoneexperiencesangerinthesameway;whatangersonepersonmayamuseanother.Thespecificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicalandcultaralforces.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(決戰(zhàn))asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson'sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.Angercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectricalactivitychanges.UndermostconditionsEEG(腦電圖)measuresofelectricalactivityshowbalancedactivitybetweentherightandleftprefrontal(額葉前部)areas.Behaviourallythiscorrespondstothegeneraleven-handeddisposition（意愿）thatmostofuspossessmostofthetime.ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalancedand.asaresultofthis,we'relikelytoreact.Andourbehaviouralresponsetoangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions,whetherpositiveornegative.Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare.themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry不對稱)ofEEG(activity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsitaation.61.The"duels"exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofanger.A.usuallyhasabiologicalbasisB.variesamongpeopleC.issociallyandculturallyshapedD.influencesone'sthinkingandevaluationWhatchangescanbefoundinanangrybrain?Balancedelectricalactivitycanbespotted.Unbalancedpatternsarefoundinprefrontalareas.Electricalactivitycorrespondstoone'sbehaviour.Electricalactivityagreeswithone'sdisposition.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofoffensiveanger?Approachingthesourceofanger.B.Tryingtocontrolwhatisdisliked.C.Movingawayfromwhatisdisliked.D.Feelinghelplessinthefaceofanger.64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.【考點(diǎn)】觀察科普知識類閱讀【文章粗心】本文介紹了一些與生氣相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)以及醫(yī)學(xué)原理和人們生氣的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)出的行為模式?！敬鸢浮緾推理題。依據(jù)文章第二段Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.在今世社會里，生氣的肢體表現(xiàn)被以為是對社會有損害而不可以被容忍。但是在古代卻又著決戰(zhàn)這樣的行為，說明生氣的表現(xiàn)形式是由不同樣的社會和文化形成的。故C正確?！敬鸢浮緽細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第三段3,4行ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalanced可知當(dāng)我們生氣的時(shí)候，腦電圖在額葉前部會出現(xiàn)不均衡的現(xiàn)象。故B正確。【答案】A細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章第四段3,4,5行Theangrierweare.themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.可知當(dāng)我們生氣的時(shí)候，我們很可能湊近讓我們生氣的對象。這是典型的offensiveanger的表現(xiàn)。故A正確?！敬鸢浮緿段落粗心題。依據(jù)本段1,2行Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour及Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour中的approachbehaviour和avoidancebehaviour可知本段表達(dá)的是生氣的時(shí)候，人們表現(xiàn)出的行為模式。故D正確。七、Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops（筆錄本電腦）.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility（清楚度）.Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlessly”bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.Inthefirstexperiment,studentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnote-takingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalk,theywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.Theresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhand.However,thetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers’reportsaid,“Whilemorenotesarcbeneficial,ifthenotesaretakenmindlessly,asismorelikelythecaseonalaptop,thebenefitdisappears.”Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemory,studentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecture.Thistime,thestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarcnotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.21.Moreandmorestudentsfavorlaptopsfornote-takingbecausetheycan.A.writemorenotesB.digestconceptsbetterC.gethigherscoresD.understandlecturesbetter22.Whiletakingnotes,laptopuserstendtobe.A.skillfulB.mindlessC.thoughtfulD.tireless23.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.examinetheimportanceoflong-termmemorystressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandexplaintheprocessoftakingnotespromotetheuseoflaptops24.Thepassageislikelytoappearin.A.anewspaperadvertisementB.acomputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.afinancereport【考點(diǎn)】觀察科普知識類閱讀【文章粗心】作者在本文中表達(dá)了一次實(shí)驗(yàn):使用筆錄本電腦記筆錄和手動記筆錄的學(xué)生進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手動記筆錄的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好，告訴我們需要進(jìn)行手動記筆錄，而不是使用電腦。【答案】A【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章第二段第一句Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility（清楚度）.可知學(xué)生愈來愈多使用電腦記筆錄是由于速度和清楚度。也就是說使用筆錄本電腦記筆錄速度更快，可以記錄更多的內(nèi)容。故A正確?！敬鸢浮緽【試題分析】推理題。依據(jù)第三段Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlessly”bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.研究人們做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)使用筆錄本電腦記筆錄能否會讓人處于一種沒心識的狀態(tài)之中，但是機(jī)械地輸入。而實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明用筆錄本記錄的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)不如使用鋼筆錄錄的人。說明使用筆錄本記錄確實(shí)會讓人有mindless的感覺。故B正確?！敬鸢浮緽【試題分析】推理題。依據(jù)文章最后一段Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarcnotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.可知手動記筆錄關(guān)于短期長久記憶都有利處，也就說本文重申我們需要進(jìn)行手動記筆錄，而不是使用電腦。故B正確?！敬鸢浮緾【試題分析】推理題。本文經(jīng)過表達(dá)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論告訴我們手動記筆錄關(guān)于短期長久記憶都有利處，學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)比使用電腦記筆錄更好。不會是廣告，電腦教科書也不會是金融報(bào)告，這屬于講課類的科學(xué)研究。故C正確?！鹃L難句分析】1.Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops。【翻譯】一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示上課時(shí)手動寫筆錄的學(xué)生在考試中要比使用筆錄本電腦的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好。【分析】本句中動詞show后邊賓語從句的指引詞that被省略了，這個(gè)賓語從句中含有定語從句whowritenotesbyhandduringlectures修飾students；其余一個(gè)定語從句whouselaptops修飾those。2.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.【翻譯】這兩個(gè)使用都說明手動寫筆錄不只關(guān)于即時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和理解有利處，并且會致使將來的表現(xiàn)更好?！痉治觥勘揪渲械膭釉~suggest表示“說明，表示”，其實(shí)不是“建議”；其余句中的賓語從句thathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.較長，謂語部分是有notonlybutalso連結(jié)。八、Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarccompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.Nitrogen（氮）andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi（真systemgiveand菌）networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons（神經(jīng)元）inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeofit.”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.29.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inPpeteforsurvivalprotecttheirownwealthdependoneachotherprovidesupportfordyingtrees“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecausetheylookthelargestinsizeintheforestpassonnutritiontoyoungtreesseemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumansD.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties”31.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferstoA.how“treesocieties”workB.howtreesgrowoldhowforestryindustrydevelopshowyoungtreessurviveWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?OldTreesCommunicateLikeHumansYoungTreesAreInNeedOfProtectionTreesAreMoreAwesomeThartYouThinkTreesContributeToOurSociety【考點(diǎn)】觀察科普知識類閱讀

..【文章粗心】本文主要表達(dá)了森立的樹木會經(jīng)過“treesocieties”把自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)交給下一代。并詳盡說了然這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的詳盡內(nèi)容。【答案】C【試題分析】推理題。依據(jù)本句AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarccompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:可知達(dá)爾文以為樹是互相競爭以獲