空間主從復合句包含兩個或多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)其中有一個是主句其余

主從復合一、概述及賓語賓語從句（作賓語同位語從句（作同位語名詞性從句（作用相當于名詞定語從句（作定語，相當于形容詞狀語從句（作狀語，相當于副詞賓語從see,say,hear,know,feel,find,guess,learn,ex in,hope,believe,agree,decide,see,say,hear,know,feel,find,guess,learn,ex in,hope,believe,agree,decide,suggest,promise,mean,findoutthat例：Ithinkthatyoushouldhelpher.你應該幫助她Heknewthathewas Shesaidthatshecoulddrivea IbelievethatLucywillwinfirstprizeattheflowershow. 提t(yī)hat重點(1):that引導的名詞子句若接在say,exin,hope,wish,know,believe等thatIbelieve(that)hewilldohisTheradiosaid(that)todayisthehottestdaythisThenotessaidIloveHesaid(that)hewouldsurelycomebutthathemightbetenortwentyminuteslate.that(2):thatlike,hate,want,try,attemptcare,offer(提議),refuse,decline()Heofferedthathewoulddrivemetothestation.Heofferedtodrivemetothestation.提議是說話人自己要去做什么建議是要去做什么重點(3):thatl,inform,remindassure(instruct(指示),persuade,convince(使信服)等S+V+O(人)+O(事物/thatHeremindedthatIhadpromisedtohelpHeremindedmethatIhadpromisedtohelp重點(4):that主詞 +thatItbeV+形容詞(necessary,essential,thatshould可省,但其后動詞仍用Mymotherinsistedthatmysister(should)arrivehomebeforemidnight.Itisnecessarythatyou(should)makeupyour重點 that子句若在(S+V+O+OC)中當受詞時須用虛受詞it代替

find,make,

+it+OC

tothink,

WeconsideritimportanttolearntomakeuseofaManypeoplefinditstrangethatAmericansmovefromcetocesooften.Ithoughtitratheroddthathehadn’tcometothewhichhehadbeenlookingforwardtoso如果是Ithoughtthathehadn'tcometothepartywhichhehadbeenlookingforwardtosomuchratherodd.明顯語義難以弄清重點 that子句的同位格表MyfriendLisaisanurse.MyfriendLisaI’llsee(toit)thatthedoorsareallfastened.see(toit)留神，留意Youmaydependonitthatweshallnevergiveup.dependon/uponitthat~相信某事~,對~不疑Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.insiston~堅持~Itookitforgrantedthattheywould動詞+間接賓語+that動詞+間接賓語+thatl,exin,advise等動詞后常跟這種結(jié)構(gòu)例：Shetoldmethatshewasleavingonthe12th. 她告訴我說她12號Theteacherexinedtoherthattheanswerwaswrong.老師向她解釋Iadviseherthatsheshouldwaitwho,what,whom,which,whosewhen,where,why,decide,guess,know,wonder,ask,advise,show,discuss,findout例：Canyoulmewhosawheroffattheairport?你能告訴我誰到機Idon'tknowwhomhewantsto Iwonderwhosekeyit 我不知道這是誰的SheaskedwhatheneededPleaselmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.請告訴我，哪本書我應當Jimdidn'tsaywhenhewould Ican'tguesswhereshewas Youshouldfindoutwhythefishintheriverdied. Let'sdiscusshowwecanhelpthemoutofthedifficulties動詞+if/whether動詞+if/whetherknow,ask,say,wonder例：Iwonderifshewill 我不知道她是否會來Idon'tknowwhethershecandoitbetter. EdwardaskedwhetherIwasgoingbyne.問我是否乘飛機去。Shedidn'tsayifshewouldattendmybirthdayparty.她沒有說她是否參的生日宴會。whether,ifif使用,whetherSheaskeduswhether/ifwewantedtostayhere(oraskWhetherthereportistrueisquestionable.當主語不可用ifItisquestionablewhetherthereportistrue.TheproblemwaswhetherweshouldcallanambulanceatItdependsonwhethertheywillappear.onThequestionwhetherwehavetimetodiscussstillremains.ifIdon’tcarewhetheryourcarwillbreakdownornotifIcan’tdecidewhethertogoor whether+toVIcan’tdecidewhetherIwillgoorEveryonewantstoknow:whethertheywillgetaraise(orEveryonewantstoknowwhetherornottheywillgetaraise.Everyonewantstoknowiftheywillgetaraise.for,of，but,except,in例：Heissorryforwhathesaid.他對自己說的話表示歉意。Shewaspraisedforwhatshehad Carlalwaysthinksofhowhecanlearn 總是想著怎ThatdependsonwhichmethodweshalluseIremembernothingaboutherexceptthatsheworeglasses.I’mluckyinthatIhavethreeafraid,happy,sure,certain,glad,pleased例：I'mafraid(that)Ican'tcometothepartytonight.能來參加。I'msure(that)itwillbeafinedaytomorrow.Shewashappy(that)herparentswereingoodhealth.Wewereamazedthatwesawyouintown.Wewereamazedatseeingyouintown.提t(yī)hink,expect,imagine,suppose,fancy,guessIdon'tthinkheisright.我相信這不是真的。（漢語主句肯定Idon'tbelieveitistrue.（英語主句否定例：Iknowheisverybusy.我知道他很忙。（賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）Ibelievethematchwillbeexciting.（賓IhearPeterwaswoundedintheaccident. 我聽說在事故中受了IwonderwhoisreadingEnglishoverthere.（賓語從句用現(xiàn)在進行時I'lllthemthatthelostcarhasbeenfound.我將們，丟失的二、狀語從時間狀語從句when、while、as、before、after、assoonas、since、tille.g.Whenhecomes,I’lllhimabout重點內(nèi)容如下①when,while,as▲as表示“當??的時候”，往往和when/while通用，但它著重強調(diào)主句與從句ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時▲when(atorduringthetimethat既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時間點Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時間內(nèi)) wearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后發(fā)生)▲while意思是“當??的時候”或“在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或事情詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時，兩者可以互換。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking. Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(as或when，這里的while②before▲??之后??才：ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep▲不多久??就：Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeaboutthe▲不等??就：BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasured▲剛??就：Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheard ephone▲先??再：Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyour③since引導的從句用延續(xù)性動詞的過去式(包括過去完成時)，則從句的動作已▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后，他一直未來看我。(不在▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.▲Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere. ▲Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我們附近以來，我▲It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了▲It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=It'sthreeyearssincehejoinedthe ④如果與till與until從句使用的主句是肯定的，則主句中謂語要用延續(xù)性動詞till從句不可以置于句首，只有until從句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首時主句要倒⑤表示[一~就assoonas,nosooner~than~,hardly~when,scarcely~before,instantly,directly,immediay,themoment/minute,theinstantAssoonassheheardthebell,sheturnedoverthetestnosooner~than~,hardly~when,scarcely~beforeShehadnosoonerheardthebellthansheturnedoverthetestNosoonerhadsheheardthebellthansheturnedoverthetestShehadhardlyheardthebellwhensheturnedoverthetestHardlyhadsheheardthebellwhensheturnedoverthetestShehadscarcelyheardthebellbeforesheturnedoverthetest#immediay,themoment等不需要強調(diào)動作的先后 y/Directlysheheardthebell,sheturnedoverthetestThemoment/instantsheheardthebell,sheturnedoverthetestif（如果），unless（除非，）incase(萬一),so/aslongas(只要as/sofaras(就??而言onconditionthat(條件是??)引導。條件狀例：Ifyoustudyhardyouwillgetgoodmarks.你如果努力學習，就會取得好成Ifyougotothebookstoretomorrowbuymeadictionary.如果你明天去書店，Ifyouareill,youmustseethedoctor.如果你病了，就必須看醫(yī)生。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawayto ethe 只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服的方法。Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.萬一你有什么，請給我們除非周末下雨，去野餐Weshallgofor icunlessitrainsatthe=Weshallgofor icifitdoesn'trainatthe他不 我就去I'llgounless =I'llgoifhe AsfarasIknow,hehasnothingtodowiththematter.Asfarastheeyescouldreach/see,thecitywasaseaofAsfarasI’mconcerned,youcanstayoutallAslongastherewerebooksandstationery,heneverfeltlonely.Hewentontalkingaslongasthreehours~長.becauseassincenowthatforseeingthat(由于because例：Wecouldn'tgooutbecauseitwastoocold.IlovespringbecauseIlikeflowers.because,sinceasso連用Becausehehadn'tenoughmoney,sohedidn'tbuyacar.（誤）Becausehehadn'tenoughmoney,hedidn'tbuyacar.（正）Hehadn'tenoughmoney,sohedidn'tbuyacar.（正）例：Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneSinceeveryoneishere,let'sbeginournowthatnowthatsince相似，語氣較弱，強調(diào)人們已知的事實。例：Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitforyou.NowthatJohnhasarrived,we'lldiscuss例：Asitisgettingdark,we'dbettergoAsalltheseatsweretaken,hehadtostandallthefor例：Itmustbemorningforthebirdsaresinging.一定是清晨了，因為鳥兒在叫。Itmusthaverainedlastnightfortheroadiswet.昨天一定下雨了，因為路濕了。Catherinecouldnothaveseenmeattheparty,forIwasnotthere.不目的狀語從句表示目的。目的狀語從句的謂語一般由“may,mightcan,could,+動詞”構(gòu)成。sothatincaseforfearthatinorderthat為了，這樣……lest例：Theysetoutearlysothattheymightreachthemountaintopbeforesunrise.他們出發(fā)很早，以便在日出前到達山頂。I'llspeakslowlysothateveryoneofyoucanunderstandwell.我將說得慢些，這樣每個人都能很好理解。Theteacherhungthepictureonthewallinorderthatwecouldseeiteveryday.老師把那幅畫掛在墻上，以便我們每天都能看見。Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains(/shouldrain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。IwrotedownthedateofherbirthdaylestIshouldforgetit.我寫下了生日inorderthat引導的目的狀語從句也可以放在主句前，表示強調(diào)。Inorderthatshecouldmakegreaterprogress,shepracticesyingthepianoeveryday.例：Shecametothetopofthehillso)thatshecouldseesothatsoasto不定式進行轉(zhuǎn)換。Hetookmoreexercisesothathecouldkeephealthy.Hetookmoreexercisesoastokeephealthy.Shewalkedintothehousequietlysothatshewouldn'tbeheard.Shewalkedintothehousequietlysoasnottobeheard.sothat（結(jié)果）so形容詞或副詞+that如此……such名詞+that如此……例：Shewassofrightenedthatshedidn'tmoveatall.她嚇得一點也不敢動。Thebirdflewsohighthatwecouldhardlyseeit.那鳥飛得很高，我們幾乎看不見ndidwellintheexamsothatshewaspraisedbytheteacher.珍考試考得Theremustbesomethingwrongthatshehasn'tarrivedyet.一定出了什么事，WhathaveIsaidthatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?我說了什么話，使你那么Heranquicklysothathewontherace.他跑得非?？?，因此贏得了這場比賽。（結(jié)Heranquicklysothathecouldwintherace.Shehassofewfriendsthatsheisalwayslonely.朋友很少，因此總是感到很Shehassomuchworktodothatsheisbusyallday.她有許多工作要做，因此整Itwassuchafunnyjokethateverybodylaughed.這個笑話很滑稽，大家都笑了。（such+a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）ItissuchfineweatherthatI'dliketogointothehills.天氣這么好，我要到山里ThesearesuchgoodbooksthatIwanttoreadthemall.這些都是很好的書，我HeissodiligentaboythatalltheteacherspraiseHeissuchadiligenceboythatalltheteacherspraisethoughalthough雖然（though正式，語氣強evenifeventhoughnomatterthat(how,which,where,who,例：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalotofthings.他雖然小，但卻知道很多Hewillgoonwiththeexperimentthoughhehasfailedmanytimes.他雖然已AlthoughhespokeloudyetIcouldnothearhimclearly.雖然他說話聲音很大，AlthoughshehasneverbeentoAmerica,sheisveryinterestedinhistory.雖然她從沒到過，卻對歷史很感EvenifIhaveenoughmoney,Iwon'tbuyacar.即使我有足夠的錢，我也不會買Eventhoughhemetalotofdifficulties,hedidn'tgiveuphope.盡管他遇到了許多，卻沒有放棄希望。Nomatterwhathesays,don'tbelievehim.Nomaterhow（However）fastyouwalk,Icankeepupwithyou.不管你走得Nomatterwhichpictureyoubuy,youwillpayalotofmoney.不管你買哪幅Nomatterwhereyouwork,doyourworkwell.不論在哪里工作，你都要把工作做Nomatterwho（whoever）heis,heshouldobeytherules.不論他是誰，都應NomatterwhenyouleaveI'llgoandseeyouoff.不論你何時動身，我都要去為1）.thoughalthoughbutThoughit'shardwork,butIenjoyit.（誤）Thoughit'shardwork,Ienjoyit.（正）It'shardwork,butIenjoyit.（正）2）as引導讓步狀語從句時，必須用前置結(jié)構(gòu)，通常是從句中的表語、狀語或動詞Childas(though)heisheknowsalot.(注意在child前不要用冠詞)MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavyas...asas...as與……+than比……notso/(as)...as同……the+…the……越……就越as...as表示同等比較，意為“AB一樣……”，為避免重復，從句中省略與主句相重的部例：Thistreeisastallasthatone(is).Thischairisasbeautifulastheoneinthecorneris).這把椅子同墻角上的那把一Hecanrunasfastasyourun).Shedancesaswellashersisterdoes).Youmustreadasmanybooksasyoucan.YoumustreadasmanybooksasI’mthreetimesasrichasyou,andtentimesashandsomeasnotso(/as)...as表示“AB不一樣，A例：Thisdictionaryisn'tasthickasthatone.Itisnotsohottodayasyesterday.Hecan'tswimasfastasyou.Peterdoesnotstudysohardashedidlastterm.不像上學期那樣學習用功例：Itiscoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.今天比昨天冷。LessonFiveismoredifficultthanLessonFour.第五課比第四課難。Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.健康比更重要。Youhavedonemoreworkthanhehasdone).HesangbetterthanIthought.Shestayedtherelongerthanshenned(tostay).她在那兒呆的時候比她原來Theweatherwasworsethanwehad……the+例：Themoreyoureadthemoreknowledgeyouwillget.Thehigheryouclimbthefartheryouwillsee.Themoreexerciseyoutake,thehealthieryouwillbe.你鍛煉越多，身體就越健asasifasthough例：PleasedoitasItoldyou.HespeaksEnglishastheEnglishmendo.Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.Shelovestheboyasthoughhewereherownson.她愛那個男孩，就像愛她自己DoinRomeastheRomansAsyousow,soshallyoureap9.Anywherehewent,hegot ThegirltakesthedollwithhereverywheresheWuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.位于長江和漢水匯合 Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveany Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisno Lookoutwhilecrossingthe 常見的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等④比較狀語從句中的省略句。如：Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthanhehad三、主語,表語從句,同位語that,whether以及疑問連詞引導。一般情況下,it替代主語從句,而將主語從句移到句尾。如：Whenweshouldstartisstillaquestion.我們該在什么時候開始還是個問題呢。Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethe例如：Thatiswhyhedidnotcometoschoolyesterday.Itisbecauseyouaresonews，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。英語中引導同位語從句的詞通有連詞that，whether，連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引導同位語從句。）IheardthenewsthatourteamhadwonI’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon從那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。四、定語從who,whom,whose,when,where,Thestudent[whosemotherdiedyesterday]isabsentthatthatwhowhom;也可以指物，代替例：Themanthat(/who)wrotethebookisanEnglishprofessor.書的人是一位英語教授。（that）Sheisnotonthetrainthat(/which)arrivedafewminutesago.她不在幾分鐘前到站的那列火車上。（that）Hethatwouldeatthefruitmustclimbthetree.（修飾代詞，作主語Sheisthesingerthat(/whom)Imetlastweek.她就是我上周遇見的那位歌量。（that）Itthisthepicturethat(/which)youtalkedaboutyesterday?這就是昨天談論的那幅畫嗎？(thatthatthatwhich先行詞被序數(shù)詞（thefirst,thelast,thenext）、形容詞thebest,themost,thehighesttheonly,thevery,thesamethatwhichwho.例：ThisisthefirstEnglishgr rbookthatshehasread.這是她I'dliketoreadtheverybookthatyoureadlastweek.讀周Shewastheonly thatsawtheaccident.她是唯一親眼目睹那場Thisisthebestfilmthat)Ihaveeverseen.這是我看過的最好的電Sallyisthemosthard-workingstudentthatIhaveeverknown.nothing,all,little,muchall,every,few,any,no,some,littlethatwhich.something,everything和anythingthat例：Hehasgotallthatheneeds.Youcanborrowanybookthat)youwanttoread.你可以借任何一本你Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thewriterhassaidsomethingthatweshouldrememberforever.那位作家說了一些我們應該記住的話。whowhichthat，who,whomwhich?！篧hoistheboythatjustspoketoyou? 剛才同你的那個男孩是Whichofyouthathasattendedthemeetingcanlussomethingaboutit?中間哪位參加過會議的能給我們講些有關(guān)情況？4）先行詞同時有人和事Thedirverandthecar[thathadfallenintothesea]werequicklywho,whomwhosewho,whomwhosewho，whom謂語動詞的賓語或介詞的定語，whose，whomwhomwhom作動詞賓語例：Heisthestudentwhoknowstheanswertothequestion.Thewomanwhogaveusatalkyesterdayisawriter.昨天給我們作報告Herecomesthegirl(whom)youwanttosee.你想見的那個來了（作賓語Theladytowhomhesentaletterwasamusician.他寫過信去的那位女(=Thelady(whom)hesentalettertowasamusician.)（作賓語That'sthemanwhosehousewasburntdown.（作定語提whose例：Helivedinaroomwhosewindowlookedoutoverthe他住在一間窗戶大海的房間里whichwhichwhich語。which作賓語時可以省略。whichwhich例：Issheonthenewhichtookoffhalfanhourago?她在半小時前Thestory(which)weheardyesterdayisverymoving.我們昨天聽到的Thisisthebookforwhichheasked.=Thisisthebook(which)heaskedThatisthehouseinwhichhelivedtenyearsago.那就是他十年前住=Thatisthehouse(which)helivedintenyearsThehoatwhichheisstayingisveryexpensive.他住的旅館很貴which，which例：Hetiredtoescape,whichwasimpossible.的。（which＝andthatwasimpossible）Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.見過她，這是不真實的。(whichhehadneverseenherbefore,=andthiswasnottrue)提which,that,who比：Thepenwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Thepenswhichwerelosthavebeenfound.ThegirlwhoissingingisfromAmerica.正在唱歌的那個來自美ThegirlswhoaresingingarefromAmerica.正在唱歌的那些來自美whenwhere如：Thisistheroomwheretheyhadaquarrelaweekago.(這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。)/IcanneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.(我不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。)wholeeveningtalkingaboutherlatestbook,whichnoneofushadheardof.(她一個晚上都在談論她最近的書,我們一個人都沒有聽那本書。)ThisisthefactoryIvisitedlastThisisthefactoryIworkedlastA.whereB.whichC. D.1）選B；1）是動賓關(guān)系，即Ivisitedthefactorywhich。2）選A。做這種題時，要看先行詞與定語從句中謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系：2）factoryIworkedinthefactorywhereIwillneverforgettheday wespentIwillneverforgettheday weworkedA.whichB.whenC.whereD.選選B，whenonwhichIsthislibraryyouoftenreadIsthisthelibraryyouoftenreadin?A.theoneB.inwhichC.whereD.which選A；5)句的陳述句形式為Thislibraryis youoftenreadtheonethelibrary，6）選D。做這種題時，應先把原句變?yōu)殛愂鼍洹?）句的陳述句形式為：Thisisthelib