神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)-交感神經(jīng)

神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)交感神經(jīng)內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)課堂導(dǎo)入功能：內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）分為內(nèi)臟感覺(jué)神經(jīng)、內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)臟、心血管的運(yùn)動(dòng)和腺體的分泌內(nèi)臟、心血管等處感受到刺激傳遞到各級(jí)中樞目錄CATALOG0102交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)分布交感神經(jīng)概觀脊髓T1～L3節(jié)段灰質(zhì)側(cè)柱中間外側(cè)核交感干交感神經(jīng)節(jié)（椎旁節(jié)、椎前節(jié)）周圍部：低級(jí)中樞:交感神經(jīng)叢交感神經(jīng)交感神經(jīng)概觀交感干椎旁節(jié)椎前節(jié)神經(jīng)叢交通支節(jié)間支脊柱兩側(cè)上至顱底位置：組成:分部:頸、胸、腰、骶、尾5部交感神經(jīng)節(jié)椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)（交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)）交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)左、右交感干

下至尾骨尾骨前合并節(jié)間支交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)頸胸腰骶尾交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)節(jié)每側(cè)19～24個(gè)每側(cè)頸部有3～4個(gè)每側(cè)胸部10～12個(gè)交感感神經(jīng)節(jié)數(shù)目:每側(cè)腰部4個(gè)交感神經(jīng)節(jié)椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)（交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)）每側(cè)骶部2～3個(gè)尾部1個(gè)奇神經(jīng)節(jié)3~410~1242~31交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)節(jié)不規(guī)則節(jié)狀團(tuán)塊脊柱前方腹主動(dòng)脈臟支根部位置：形態(tài):組成:腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)節(jié)椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜下神經(jīng)節(jié)主動(dòng)脈腎神經(jīng)節(jié)腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜下神經(jīng)節(jié)主動(dòng)脈腎神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)節(jié)組成:節(jié)前纖維交感神經(jīng)交通支白交通支有髓鞘呈白色白交通支節(jié)前纖維交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)交通支T1～L3脊神經(jīng)前支與相應(yīng)交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)間位置：組成:節(jié)前纖維交感神經(jīng)交通支白交通支有髓鞘呈白色T1～L3脊神經(jīng)交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)交通支交感干與31對(duì)脊神經(jīng)前支之間位置：組成:交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞發(fā)出節(jié)后纖維交感神經(jīng)交通支灰交通支多無(wú)髓鞘色灰暗灰交通支節(jié)后神經(jīng)元交感干交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)交通支交感神經(jīng)節(jié)前纖維脊髓中間外側(cè)核交感干白交通支多級(jí)神經(jīng)元交感干脊神經(jīng)前根脊神經(jīng)脊神經(jīng)前根脊神經(jīng)白交通支交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)節(jié)前纖維頸部椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)換元3種去向:椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)換神經(jīng)元交感神經(jīng)節(jié)前纖維交感干內(nèi)上、下行，椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)換神經(jīng)元脊髓上胸段(T1～T6):胸部椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)換元中胸段者(T6～T10):腰骶部椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)換元下胸、腰段者(T11～L3)：穿椎旁節(jié)，椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)換神經(jīng)元交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)節(jié)前纖維3種去向:交感神經(jīng)節(jié)后纖維灰交通支脊神經(jīng)神經(jīng)叢器官臟器血管、汗腺和豎毛肌伴隨動(dòng)脈交感神經(jīng)節(jié)灰交通支血管、汗腺和豎毛肌交感神經(jīng)節(jié)臟器臟器臟器臟器臟器臟器臟器交感神經(jīng)概觀交感神經(jīng)節(jié)后纖維交感神經(jīng)分布頸血管鞘后方交感神經(jīng)節(jié)：頸交感干:交感神經(jīng)分布頸部每側(cè)3～4個(gè)交感神經(jīng)節(jié)頸上、中、下神經(jīng)節(jié)頸椎橫突前方交感神經(jīng)節(jié)頸椎橫突頸交感干交感神經(jīng)分布頸部最大，呈梭形頸中神經(jīng)節(jié)：頸上神經(jīng)節(jié):最小，有時(shí)缺，多者達(dá)3個(gè)交感神經(jīng)分布頸部位置：第1～3頸椎橫突前方頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈后方位置：第6頸椎橫突處頸下神經(jīng)節(jié)：與第1胸神經(jīng)節(jié)合并頸胸神經(jīng)節(jié)（星狀神經(jīng)節(jié))位置：第7頸椎橫突根部的前方椎動(dòng)脈始部后方頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)頸中神經(jīng)節(jié)頸下神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)分布頸部節(jié)后神經(jīng)纖維分布:交感神經(jīng)分布頸部腺體血管灰交通支8對(duì)頸神經(jīng)頸內(nèi)、外動(dòng)脈叢咽咽支咽叢頸交感神經(jīng)節(jié)迷走神經(jīng)舌咽神經(jīng)鎖骨下動(dòng)脈叢椎動(dòng)脈叢豎毛肌血管瞳孔開(kāi)大肌汗腺豎毛肌頭頸、上肢頭頸部交感神經(jīng)分布頸部節(jié)后神經(jīng)纖維分布:交感神經(jīng)分布頸部心頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)頸中神經(jīng)節(jié)頸下神經(jīng)節(jié)心叢頸上心神經(jīng)頸中心神經(jīng)頸下心神經(jīng)交感神經(jīng)分布頸部肋頭前方數(shù)目：位置:每側(cè)有10~12個(gè)胸神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)分布胸部肋頭胸神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)分布胸部分布:交感神經(jīng)分布胸部灰交通支胸腹壁血管汗腺、豎毛肌上5對(duì)胸神經(jīng)節(jié)分支胸主動(dòng)脈叢食管叢肺叢心叢內(nèi)臟大神經(jīng)組成：終于：第5~9胸交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)節(jié)前纖維腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)12對(duì)胸神經(jīng)內(nèi)臟大神經(jīng)T5~T9動(dòng)脈叢食管叢交感神經(jīng)分布胸部分布:交感神經(jīng)分布內(nèi)臟小神經(jīng)組成：終于：第10~12胸交感干神經(jīng)節(jié)節(jié)前纖維主動(dòng)脈腎神經(jīng)節(jié)分布：肝、脾、腎等實(shí)質(zhì)性臟器結(jié)腸左曲以上消化管內(nèi)臟最小神經(jīng)組成：終于：最末胸神經(jīng)節(jié)的節(jié)前纖維腎神經(jīng)叢胸部?jī)?nèi)臟大神經(jīng)T10~T12交感神經(jīng)分布胸部腰椎體前外側(cè)與腰大肌內(nèi)側(cè)緣之間數(shù)目：位置:約有4對(duì)腰神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)分布腰部腰交感干腰大肌交感神經(jīng)分布腰部交感神經(jīng)分布腰內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)組成：腰神經(jīng)節(jié)節(jié)前纖維終于：腹主動(dòng)脈叢、腸系膜下叢分布：結(jié)腸左曲以下消化道及盆腔臟器椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)下肢腰部分支:灰交通支分布：隨5對(duì)腰神經(jīng)分布腹主動(dòng)脈叢腸系膜下叢腰神經(jīng)節(jié)節(jié)前纖維交感神經(jīng)分布腰部骶骨前面，骶前孔內(nèi)側(cè)數(shù)目：位置:2～3對(duì)骶神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)分布盆部1個(gè)奇神經(jīng)節(jié)骶神經(jīng)節(jié)奇神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)分布盆部分支:灰交通支,分布：下肢、會(huì)陰部血管汗腺、豎毛肌連接骶尾神經(jīng)灰交通支交感神經(jīng)分布盆部骶尾神經(jīng)交感神經(jīng)分布盆部分支:灰交通支,分布：下肢、會(huì)陰部血管汗腺豎毛肌連接骶尾神經(jīng)一些小支加入盆叢分布：盆腔器官盆叢交感神經(jīng)分布盆部交感神經(jīng)分布盆部小結(jié)小結(jié)交感神經(jīng)低級(jí)中樞:椎旁神經(jīng)節(jié)椎前神經(jīng)節(jié)交感神經(jīng)節(jié)：交通支：白交通支灰交通支脊髓T1～L3節(jié)段灰質(zhì)側(cè)柱中間外側(cè)核分部:頸、胸、腰、骶、尾5部每側(cè)19～24個(gè)組成:腹腔神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜上神經(jīng)節(jié)腸系膜下神經(jīng)節(jié)主動(dòng)脈腎神經(jīng)節(jié)組成:節(jié)前纖維組成:節(jié)后纖維節(jié)前纖維起自脊髓胸T1～T5節(jié)段中間外側(cè)核脊髓T5～T12節(jié)段中間外側(cè)核脊髓上腰段中間外側(cè)核頭、頸、胸腔臟器肝、