全英實務(8)課件

Chapter8

CargoTransport

Insurance全英實務(8)Keypoints:Basicconcepts:

insurer,insured,underwriter,applicant.Risks:PerilsoftheSea&ExtraneousRisksLoss:

TotalLoss&PartialLossBasicRisks

andAdditionalRisksofCICCalculationofInsuredAmount全英實務(8)SomebasicconceptsApplicant(投保人)

≈

Theinsured（被保險人）Underwriter

(承保人)

=Theinsurer（保險人）

=insurancecompanyInsuranceBroker：anagentwhosellsinsurance.Claimant:someonewhoclaimsabenefitortitle.

InsuredAmount(保險金額)Premium(保險費)Insurancepolicy

(保險憑證/保單)Premiumrate(保險費率)全英實務(8)SomeChinese&foreigninsurersPICC(People’sInsuranceCompanyofChina)CorporationofLIoyd’s勞合社:

水險、航空、汽車、衛(wèi)星等.ING荷蘭國際集團

(No.13ofWorldTop500)AXA法國安盛

(No.15ofWorldTop500)Allianz

德國安聯(lián)

(No.16ofWorldTop500)AIG

美國國際集團

(No.20ofWorldTop500)GENERALI

意大利忠利(No.21ofWorldTop500)AVIVA英國英杰華

(No.28ofWorldTop500)全英實務(8)

InternationalCargotransportInsuranceRisks1.Perilsofthesea

Naturalcalamities:

Causedbytheforcesresultingfromthechangesofnature,e.g.vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami,earthquake,flood,etc.

b.Fortuitousaccidents:

Theaccidentsresultingfromunexpectedcauses,e.g.thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfireorexplosion.全英實務(8)

2.ExtraneousrisksTherisksbesidetheperilsofthesea.

(NotcoveredbyW.AorF.P.A.)Generalextraneousrisks（一般外來風險）:

includetherisksoftheft,shortage,leakage,dashedbyfreshandrainwater,sweatingandheating,intermixtureandcontamination,taintofodor,hookdamage,breakageofpacking,rusting,etc.(becoveredonlybyAllRisks)Specialextraneousrisks（特殊外來風險）:

includetherisksondeck,war,strikes,failureofdelivery,rejection,pirate(searover),etc.全英實務(8)3、Oceanlosses

a.TotallossActualTotalLoss:Theinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievablylost.(2)

ConstructiveTotalLoss:

Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldexceedthevalueofthecargo.

返回目錄全英實務(8)

Partialloss

(1)GeneralAverageloss:共同海損

Aspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheshipowner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesaboardtheship.(2)ParticularAverageloss:

單獨海損

Aparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedamagedoesnotcomeuptoatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheowneroftheindividualconsignment.返回目錄全英實務(8)C.

Maritimecharges

(nointhebook)

(1)Sueandlaborcharges:

施救費用

Thereasonableexpensestosave,protect,orreducethelossbyinsuredandthepolicybeneficiary.Italsoshouldbecoveredbytheinsurer.(2)Salvagecharges:救助費用

Theexpensesofthethirdpartytosuccessfullysavethecargoandtheship.Accordingtotherelativelaws,theinsurershallpaytothesalver(thirdparty).Butthereisaprinciple,i.e.,“nosave-nopay”.全英實務(8)II.

ChinaInsuranceClauses

(CIC)Thecontents(sameasInstituteCargoClause):a.Basicrisks

(3conditions)

：

F.P.A.

FreefromParticularAverage(平安險)W.P.A.

orW.A.

WithParticularAverage,WithAverage（水漬險）

Allrisks

(一切險)

返回目錄全英實務(8)1.

F.P.A.

(平安險)

FreefromParticularAverage8circumstances:Actualtotallossorconstructivetotallossfromnaturalcalamity,i.e.

vileweather,bore,earthquake,flood…

The

Insuredmustauthorizetheinsurerifitistheconstructivetotalloss.(2)Totallossorpartiallosscausedbyfortuitous

accidents,i.e.

stranded,collisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,fireorexplosion……(3)Partiallosscausedfromnaturalcalamityagainbeforeandafterfortuitousaccidents(4)Totallossorpartiallossofoneorseveralpiecesofcargodroppingintotheseawhenshipmentorduringtransport.全英實務(8)Continued:(5)Reasonableexpensestosave,protect,orreducethelossbyinsured,butnomorethantheinsuredvalue.(6)Specialexpensesofunloading,storageandshippinginharborageaftershipgettingperilsofthesea.(7)Thesacrifice,sharingandthechargesofgeneralaverage.(8)Ifthetermof“collisionwith

ships”isinvolvedintransportcontract,theownersofthecargoesshouldcompensatethelossoftheshipowner.全英實務(8)2.

W.P.A.

or

W.A.

(水漬險)Itcoverspartialloss

duetonaturalcalamity

(vileweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeand/orflood)aswellastheriskscoveredunderF.P.A.conditionasmentionedabove.3.Allrisks

(一切險)

AsidefromtheriskscoveredundertheF.P.A.andW.A.conditions,italsocoversallrisksoflossesordamagetotheinsuredgoodswhetherpartialortotal,arisingfrom

externalcausesinthecourseoftransit(generalextraneousrisks).返回目錄全英實務(8)RelationsbetweenthreekindsofbasicinsurancecoverageF.P.A.=W.P.A.－

ParticularAverageW.P.A.(W.A.)=F.P.A.+ParticularAveragecausedbynaturalcalamityAllRisks=F.P.A.+ParticularAverage+GeneralAdditionalRisks=W.P.A.+GeneralAdditionalRisks全英實務(8)W/WClause:Warehousetowarehouseclause:1.Fromthewarehouseindeparturetothefinalwarehouseindestination;

2.or60daysafterunloading.返回目錄全英實務(8)b.

Additionalrisks

(attachedrisks)

Thesekindsofriskscan’tbecoveredindependently;theyshallbeunderwrittendependingononeofthebasicrisks.1).Generaladditionalrisks

(11conditions)

2).Specialadditionalrisks

(8conditions)

全英實務(8)1)Generaladditionalrisks

11generalconditions

tobe

coveredbyAllRisks1.Clash&breakage/碰損破碎險2.Taintofodor/串味險3.Freshwater&/orraindamage/淡水雨林險4.T.P.N.D.Theft,pilferageandnon-delivery/偷竊、提貨不著險5.Shortage/短量險6.Leakage/滲漏險7.Intermixture&contamination/混雜玷污險8.Hookdamage/鉤損險9.Sweatandheating/受潮受熱險10.Rust/銹損險11.Breakageofpacking/包裝破碎險全英實務(8)2)Specialadditionalrisks

9specialconditionsBesidesAllrisks,thefollowingrisksshouldbebought

inaddition:1.

Warrisks/戰(zhàn)爭險

directloss&generalaverageofit;onlyonboardofshiporlighter,butnotforlossofatombomb.2.Strikerisks/罷工險

directloss&generalaverageofit3.Aflatoxin/黃曲霉素險4.Failuretodeliver/交貨不到險

nodeliveryafter6months5.Ondeckrisks/艙面險6.Importdutyrisk/進口關稅險

totaldutyfordamagedgoods.7.Rejectionrisk/拒收險

rejectedbyimportinggovernmentF.R.E.C.(FireRiskExtensionClauseathongKong)/

港澳存?zhèn)}險火險擴展條款9.Piraterisks/海盜險全英實務(8)CalculationofinsuredamountRateofInsuredAddition:

CIForCIPx10%Insuredamount=CIF(orCIP)x(1+10%)

IfitisanimportconsignmentunderFOBterm:Insuredamount

=FOB(or

FCA)

x

(1+transportrate+insuredrate)Ifconsignmentpriceandfreightisgiven(CFRorCPT):CIF(CIP)=CFR(orCPT)

/1-【Insuredrate

x(1+10%)】Premium=CIF(orCIP)x(1+10%)x

Premiumrate全英實務(8)ExercisesShanghai-VWAutoJointventurewillexportcarstoAden

Yemen

underCIFterm.Thesalescontractsaysasfollowing:

Insurance:Tobecoveredbythesellerfor110%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstAllRisks,Warrisksandpiraterisks.TheinvoicevalueisEUR1,500,000CIFAdentherateofAllRisksis0.8%,therateofWarrisksis0.13%,andthepiraterateis0.5%.

Plscalculatethe

insuredamountand

thepremium.Ifthepiraterateisincreasedto5%,howmuchisthepremium?全英實務(8)Insuredamount=CIF(CIP)x(1+10%)

Premium=CIF(CIP)x110%

x

PremiumrateInsuredamount=EUR1,500,000x(1+10%)

=EUR1,650,000Premium=Insuredamount

x

Premiumrate=1,650,000x(0.8%+0.13%+0.5%)=1,650,000x1.43%=EUR23,595Ifpiraterateischangedto5%:Newpremium

=1,650,000x(0.8%+0.13%+5%)=1,650,000x5.93%=EUR97,845全英實務(8)Waystomaketheinsuranceclause保險由賣方按發(fā)票金額的0.4%投保平安險（水漬險/一切險）,以中國人民保險公司2008年11月的有關海洋運輸貨物保險條款為準。

Insurance:Tobecoveredbythesellerfor0.4%oftotalinvoicevalueagainstF.P.A.(W.P.A./AllRisks),asperandsubjecttotherelevantoceanmarinecargoclausesofPeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChina,datedNov.2011.Additionalrisks附加險條款舉例：

加保戰(zhàn)爭險，費率0.03%；短量險，費率0.02%,短量免賠率0.5%.IncludingWarRisksfor0.03%andshortageofweightfor0.02%inexcessof0.5%.全英實務(8)Summary:ConceptsaboutinsurancePerilsofthesea&Extraneousrisks

Totalloss:

ActualTotalLoss&ConstructiveTotalLossPartialloss:GeneralAverage

&ParticularAverage3BasicRisks

ofCIC:F.P.A.,W.P.A.,Allrisks11Generaladditionalrisks&9SpecialadditionalrisksofCICCalculationofinsuredamountandpremiumHowtomaketheinsuranceclause全英實務(8)I.Singlechoicequestions.1.Thepersonwhoentersintoaninsurancecontractwithinsureriscalled()

A.theinsuredB.underwriterC.brokerD.agent2.UsuallytheminimumamountinsuredshouldbetheCIFvalueofthegoodsplus()A.40%B.30%C.20%D.10%3.WhichofthefollowingrisksisnotcoveredinFPAcoverage?()

A.generalaverageB.fireC.salvagechargesD.war4.WhichofthefollowingrisksisnotcoveredinAllRiskscoverage?()A.naturalcalamitiesB.strikeC.fireD.collision全英實務(8)5.Whichofthefollowingcoveragedoesnotcoverpartiallossordamageresultingfromnaturalcalamities?()A.W.P.A.B.F.P.A.C.AllrisksD.InstituteCargoClause6.Damagetocargoesunavoidablyincurredinthecourseoffire-fightingoperationscanberegardedas().

A.particularaverageB.generalaverageC.partiallossD.totalloss7.Thetermcargoinsuranceappliesto()transportation.

A.marineB.airC.landD.allofthethree全英實務(8)8.The()referstothepersonwhopaysthepremium.

A.insurerB.insuredC.freightforwarderD.insurancebroker9.“ParticularAverage”isdescribedinthepolicyas“fortuitous()loss”.

A.partialB.totalC.intentionalD.accidental10.FPAprovidesamorelimitedcoverthanWPAsinceitdoesnotinclude()lossesanddamagesfromnaturalcalamities.

A.partialB.totalC.generalD.accidental全英實務(8)11.FPAisnotsuitablefor()cargo,whichcansufferlossesordamagebypilferageorbreakageofcontents.

A.bulkB.unpackedC.generalD.common12.WAmeanswith“()”bothfrom“GeneralAverage”and“ParticularAverage”.

A.partiallossB.totallossC.averagelossD.average13.Warrisksdifferfromstrikes,riotsorcivilcommotioninthatitexcludesthegoodsintransit().

A.byseaB.byairC.onthelandD.byinlandwaterway全英實務(8)14.WarRisksareaddedtothe()insurancecover.

A.generalB.particularC.averageD.main15.FPA()contributiontoGeneralAverage.

A.isexcludedB.isincludedC.excludesD.includes16.WhichofthefollowingrisksarecoveredbytheAllRiskscoverageofPICCOceanMarineCargoClauses.()

A.WarandFireB.StrikeanddelayC.AflatoxinandondeckDHeavyweatherandfire全英實務(8)17.Whichofthefollowingcoveragedoesnotcoverpartiallossofdamageresultingfromnaturalcalamities.()A.WPAB.FPAC.ICC(B)D.ICC(A)18.()definedaslossarisingintheconsequenceofextraordinaryandintentionalsacrificemade,orexpenseincurred,forthecommonsafetytotheshipandcargo.A.ParticularaverageB.GeneralaverageC.WithoutaverageD.Withaverage19.WhichofthefollowingrisksisnotcoveredbytheAllRiskscoverageofmarinecargotransportationinsurance().A.delayB.floodC.lightingD.heavyweather全英實務(8)20.Thegeneralguidingrateoftheinsurancepremiumis()oftheamountinsured.A.0.5%B.1%C.2%D.10%21.Ininternationaltrade,theinsuredamountisoftenthe()valueoftheconsignmentplus10%.

A.FOBB.CFRC.CIFD.DDU22.W/Wclauseistheliabilitiescommencementandterminationperiodof()

A.carrierB.shipperC.consigneeD.insurance全英實務(8)II.Multiplechoicequestion(chooseatleasttwoanswerswhicharecorrectinthefollowings).Whichofthefollowingprinciplesareapplicabletomarinecargoinsurance?

A.insuranceinterestB.utmostgoodfaithC.indemnityD.allrisks2.WhichofthefollowingrisksarecoveredinAllRiskcoverage?A.warrisksB.strikerisksC.rustrisksD.shortagerisks全英實務(8)3.Thepremiumratesmayvarydependingonfactorssuchas()A.typeofgoodsB.valueofthegoodsC.modeoftransportationD.typeofriskscovered4.Whichofthefollowingrisksbelongtothegeneraladditionalrisks.()

A.FPAB.WPAC.leakagerisksD.intermixtureandcontaminationrisks

5.InstituteCargoClause(B)coverslossordamagetocargocausedby().

A.earthquakeB.volcaniceruptionC.lightingD.fireorexplosions全英實務(8)6.Principlesofmarinecargoinsuranceinclude()

A.premiumB.insurableinterestC.indemnityD.utmostgoodfaith7.Thepremiumratesmayvarydependingonfactorssuchas

A.modeoftransportationB.typeofgoodsC.valueofthegoodsD.containerorbulkshipment8.AllRisksprovideinsuranceagainstallrisksoflossordamagetothecargoinsuredexceptforthosedamagesorlosseswhicharedueto().

A.earthquakeB.delayC.strandingD.inherentvice全英實務(8)9.Insuranceisessentiallyacontractbetweentwoparties,namely()

A.theinsurerandtheinsuredB.theimporterandtheexporterC.theinsurancecompanyandtheownerofcargoD.theinsurancebrokerandtherepresentativeactingonbehalfoftheowner10.Partiallossesincurredasaresultofspecificcasualtiessuchas()arecoveredinFPA.

A.burningofthevesselB.lightingC.strandingD.sinking11.Thebasictypesofinsurancecoverageinclude().

A.FPAB.WPAC.ARD.WarRisks全英實務(8)12.ICC(B)coverslossofordamagetocargocausedby().

A.earthquakeB.groundingC.lightingD.fireorexplosions13.AllRisksofmarinecargotransportationinsurancecoversrisksof()

A.warandstrikeB.generalaverageC.inherentviceofgoodsD.strandingofship14.UnderCIF,iftheB/LisissuedonJuly20th,theinsurancepolicycanbeissuedon().

AJuly10thBJuly15thCJuly20thDJuly21st全英實務(8)15.()arethepartiesofinsurancecontract.

A.InsurerB.InsurancebrokerC.InsuredD.Insuranceagent16.()canbesolelycovered.

A.FPAB.WPAC.TPNDD.Allrisks全英實務(8)17.()arecoveredinAllriskscoverage.

A.warrisksB.strikerisksC.rustrisksD.shortagerisks18.W/WClauseissuitableto().

A.FPAB.TPNDC.WarRisksD.StrikeRisks19.Whenchoseinsurancecoverage,theinsuredshouldconsider().

A.thecharacteristicsofthecargoB.thepackingofthecargoC.thetransportationmodeandrouteD.theportofcall全英實務(8)III.Trueorfalse.