Unit3 Message of the Land現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀1

MessageoftheLandPiraSudhammaterialinthetoplayerofthesurfaceoftheearthinwhichplantscangrow

土地territoryoverwhichruleorcontrolisexercised國(guó)土thesolidpartoftheearth'ssurface陸地earth是相對(duì)于天空或太空而言的“地面”;land是指地球表面相對(duì)于海洋而言時(shí)的“地面”ground指人們?cè)谏厦嫘凶叩牡孛婊蚓哂幸欢娣e限度的空地。soil主要表示栽培植物的“土壤”,也可引申為“國(guó)土,國(guó)度”。Questions"IfIhadnotleftmyvillagethen,Iwouldhavebeensubject,likemostvillagers,tothemercyofnature:floods,drought,disease,ignoranceandscarcity.Withendurance,Iwouldhaveacceptedthemasmyownfate,assomethingIcannotgoagainstinthislife.”"InmymindIcarrymemoriesofchildhood,oflifeinvillages,muchasapregnantwomancarryingachild.Everydaytheseimagesgrow,andIknowthatonedayIshallhavetogivebirthtothemthroughthemediumofwriting.Besides,Idon'twantpeopleinourvillages,sofarremovedfromotherpeoplesbecauseofdistanceandpoverty,tobeborn,sufferandtodieinvain."PiraSudham'sOwnWords:

Bangkok

Bangkok,isthecapitalandlargestcityofThailand.Bangkokisoneofthefastest-growing,mosteconomicallydynamicandsociallyprogressivecitiesinSoutheastAsia.Butitsuffersfromsocialproblemsasaresultofitsrapidgrowth.Itisalsooneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations.BangkokBangkokistheeconomiccenterofThailand.Tourismisamajorsourceofrevenue.ThecitycontainsmanyBuddhisttemples(knowninThaiasWats),Thecityisafamousjewelrycenter,buyingandsellingsilverandbronzeware1617ThaiBuddhismBuddhismisThailand'smainreligion.94%ofThaipeopleareBuddhist.BuddhismislinkedwiththehistoricalIndianprince,SiddhartaGautama（釋迦牟尼）,whobecametheBuddhaandreachedtheenlightenment.Nowhisteachingsarestillfollowed.Histeachingssaythatpeoplesufferbecausetheyareattachedtomaterialthings,towomenormenbyheartlinks.Theselinkscausesuffer,jealousyandpain.Peopleareneversatisfied,i.e.theywantmoremoney,morepower.TheaimofBuddhismistogetridofthesepainsandoftheselinks.ThaiBuddhism

Ifyouhavedonegooddeedsinyourlife,nextlifewillbebetter.Ifyouhavedonebaddeeds,nextlifewillbeharsh.MonksinThailand

Monks’lifeisbasedon227monastic[m?'n?st?k]僧侶的rulesand5majorprecepts,i.e.nosex,nolies,norobbery,noalcohol,nokilling.Aboyisnotamanifhehasn‘tbeenamonkonceinhislife.EventheKingofThailandRama9（羅摩）

hadbeenamonkforonemonth.Inolddaysthisperiodwasthreemonths.Nowitcanbeonlyafewweeksorafewdays.20MonksinThailand

Somefamiliesstillrefusetomarrytheirdaughterifthefuturehusbandhasn'teverbeenamonk.Itmeansthatheisn'tripeenough.Aboythatbecomesamonkforafewmonthsismakingareallygoodactiontowardshisparents.Inabus,seatsinthebackarereservedtomonks.Ifawomanissittingthere,sheshouldleavebecauseawomancannottouchamonk.21ChangesinfamilyChangesinthevillage

Thewife’scomplaintsThefarmer’scomplaintsNoneofthechildrenwillcomebacktoinherittheland.Greed,anger,andlustaretherootofallevils.Noyoungmanwillcarewhatmessagethelandgives.thelossoftraditionalvaluesandthewayoflifeAllfourchildrenwentaway.Childrenwearjeansinstead.

nobarter,butcashnopay-freehelpplasticthingsinsteadonlytheoldonthelandnopracticeoftheoldcustomsnorespectfortheoldTextAnalysisThemeWhat’sthemessageoftheland?ForfurtherdiscussionIt’sourhistory,ourculture,ourtraditionandourlife.Inaword,itisourrootwhichwecannotlivewithout.TextAnalysisThemeTextAnalysisLanguageStyleColloquialismSmallandsimplewordsShortsentencesStraightforwardlanguageFiguresofspeechusedtoachievevivid,expressiveandappropriatedescriptionSimile:MetaphorPersonificationZeugmaTextAnalysisLanguageStyleSimile:…itislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.Metaphor:

…thisbagofbonesdressedinragscanstillplantandreapricefrommorningtilldusk.Personification:Ourpieceoflandissmall,anditisnolongerfertile,bleedingyearafteryearand,likeus,gettingoldandexhausted.Zeugma:

Thesoilisnotdifficulttotillwhenthereisalotofrain,butinabadyear,it’snotonlytheploughsthatbreakbutourhearts,too.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-herfamilyandtheirlands(1-3)TextAnalysisThewifehasalreadyregardedthelandaspartofherlife.Thisisthelandwhereherparentsandforefatherslivedanditisboundwithfamilyhistoryandtradition.Itrepresentstherootofherfamily.5.Thewifemakesabriefintroductionofherfamilyandtellsushowallherfourchildrenleftforcities.Shefeelssorryaboutthisandshealsofeelssorryabouttheland.Thelandisnolongerfertile,likeherandherhusband,gettingoldandexhausted.TextAnalysisWords&Phrasesforefather:n.(pl)thepeoplewhowerepartofyourfamilyalongtimeagointhepastSynonyms:ancestor,Opposites:descendant,offspringe.g.Manyyearsagoourforefathersestablishedthisnation.1.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.(as—subjectoftheclause)2.Asisoftenthecase,girlslearnalanguagemorequicklythanboys.(as—subjectoftheclause)TextAnalysisSentenceParaphraseTextAnalysis2.Diein:someplacefrom:becauseofsth.outspace,disease,cold外因Of:hunger,old人體之上e.g.diefromearthquakedieofillnessWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis3.infancy:

n.a.earlychildhood b.earlystageofdevelopmentorgrowthExamples:Inthepast,manychildrendiedininfancy.HecametoEnglandinhisinfancy.Theresearchstretchedfromtheinfancyofradiobroadcastingthroughtotoday.Geneticengineeringisstillinitsinfancy.a. infantilen.infantWordformationsWords&Phrases Therest,twoboysandtwogirls,wentawayassoonaswecouldaffordtobuyjeansforthem.(1)Ourotherchildren—twoboysandtwogirls—leftassoonaswehadthemoneytobuythemjeans.appositiveof“therest”

theremainingpeople;theothersExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphraseYourfather,aproudandunbendingman,refusedallhelpthatwasofferedhim.Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,broughthimmanyfriends.3.Adrylightningstorm,thatis,athunderstormwithoutrain,startedafireinaremotepartoftheforestinAugust.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase4.afford:v.a.tohaveenoughmoney/timetodosth.b.(withcan/could)torunariskbydoingsth.經(jīng)得住，承受得住c.(fml.)toprovide;giveClassifythefollowingwordsinto3groupsaccordingtoa,bandc.affordanewcaraffordthishighpriceaffordtherent affordacluetoaffordachance affordapleasantshade(can’t)affordtoneglectone’sworkaacccbbTextAnalysisWords&Phrases5.agency:代理機(jī)構(gòu)anemploymentagency職業(yè)介紹所Atraveller‘sagency旅行社Agent代理人/商；經(jīng)紀(jì)人AhouseagentAlaw–agentTextAnalysisWords&Phrases6.nowandthen:nowandagain;occasionally;fromtimetotimeExamples:Nowandthenweheardshotsinthewoods.Heloseshistempernowandthen,butnotoften.Ihearfromhimeverynowandthen.Hereandthere起伏地，詳盡地Upsanddowns沉浮，盛衰Theinsandouts種種復(fù)雜詳情TextAnalysisWords&PhrasesLesson3-MessageoftheLand

4.

7.bully

v.a.tothreatentohurtsomeoneorfrightenthem,especiallysomeonesmallerorweaker恐嚇，以強(qiáng)凌弱 b.toputpressureonsomeoneinordertomakethemdowhatyouwant迫使，逼迫

Examples:Thechildwasbulliedalmostoutofitslife.Don'tletthembullyyouintoworkingonSaturdays.MoremeaningsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis

alocalbully

playthebully

abullyidea

abullygooddinner

Bullyforyou!bullyboyLesson3-MessageoftheLandTranslation土豪橫行霸道，恃強(qiáng)欺弱絕妙的主意極其豐盛的飯菜干得好！(受人雇傭且尤指與政治集團(tuán)有關(guān)的）流氓，打手Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis8.insult：v.tooffendsomeonebysayingordoingsomethingtheythinkisrudeExamples:IhopeAndywon'tbeinsultedifIdon'tcome.Sheinsultedhimbycallinghimacoward.Youinsultmyintelligencewithyourcrudemethods!(=tosayordosomethingthatsuggestsyouthinksomeoneisstupid)n.insulta.insultingn.insulterWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis9.pierce：v.a.tomakeasmallholewithasharppoint刺穿b.(ofcold,pain,sound)toforceawayinto

使心如刀割

c.toforceawaythroughsomething穿透（光，聲音）Examples:Shehadherearspiercedinordertobeabletowearearrings.Hershriekspiercedthesilence.Hermemoriessometimespiercedherheart.Ourforcespiercedthroughtheenemy’slines.Pierceone’sheart：tomakeonefeelverysada.pierceda.piercingWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysisFigureofspeechSimileExamplesAsimileisabriefcomparison,usuallyintroducedbythepreposition“l(fā)ike”ortheconjunction“as”,as...as,than,asif,asthoughandetc.

Asimileconsistsoftwoparts:tenorandvehicle.Thetenoristheprimarysubject;thevehicleisthethingtowhichthemainsubjectiscomparedto.Eg:-Omylove’slikeared,redrose.RobertBurns-Jimwasascunningasanoldfox.TheendofSimile.

subject/tenorsimilemarkerreference/vehicleRecords(fell)likeripeapples(onawindyday.)Thedataprocessing(isgoingon)as(slow)asasnail.

1.Sometimes,theygetbulliedandinsulted,anditislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.(2)Figureofspeech It’seasierformyhusband.Hehasearswhichdon’thear,amouthwhichdoesn’tspeak,andeyesthatdon’tsee.(2)Newsaboutmychildren’sproblemsdoesn’tmakemyhusbandassadasme.Hedoesn’tbotheraboutwhatishappeningaroundusandtoourchildren.Heneversaysanythingaboutthem.restrictiverelativeclause

parallelstructureQuestions:Doesthewifereallymeanthatherhusbandisdeaf,dumbandblind?TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase Hehasalwaysbeenpatientandsilent,mindinghisownlife.(2)presentparticiplephrasefunctioningasadverbialofaccompanyingcircumstances

He’salwaysbeenpatientandtalkslittle.Hejustdoeshisdutyandcarriesonhislife.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase

totakecareofone’s…Examples:WillyoumindmybagwhileIbuymyticket?Iwasmindingmyownworkwhenherushedin.Myfatherwasjustdrivingalong,mindinghisownbusiness,whensuddenlyabrickcamethroughthewindow.2.10.mindone’sown…“mind”phrases

Words&PhrasesTextAnalysismindone’sownbusinessmindone’sownp’sandq’s

mindone’smannersmindyourfootingmindyourbackMindhowyougo.

別管閑事注意舉止言行注意舉止行為小心，站穩(wěn)了當(dāng)心；讓開（道別時(shí)說）您慢走。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis11.inspiteof:withoutbeingaffectedorpreventedbysomethingExamples:Butinspiteofthehardships,realeffortsandprogressarebeingmade.Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.Kellylovedherhusbandinspiteofthefactthathedranktoomuch.SimilarexpressionsregardlessofdespiteWords&PhrasesTextAnalysisWordformations12.fertile:adj.

a.(ofland,plants)producingmuchb.(ofaperson,hismind)fullofideas,plansc.afertilesituationisoneinwhichsomethingcaneasilydevelopandsucceedn.fertilityv.fertilizen.fertilizerfertilizablea.infertileExamplesWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis

Examples:Thisshrublikessunandwateraswellasafertilewell-drainedsoil.afertileimagination/mind/brainHeisalwaysfertileinnewplans.Thatperiodhadmadethecityafertilenewsgroundforfreelancerssuchasmyself.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis13.bleed:v.a.toloseblood,esp.becauseofaninjury b.toforcesomeonetopayanunreasonableamountofmoneyoveraperiodoftimeExamples:Tragically,shebledtodeath.Adeepcutonherwristwasbleedingprofusely/heavily.Marciabledhimforeverypennyhehad.Thesoldiersarereadytobleedfortheircountry.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisTheysentustheirstatement,hopingtogetoursupport.Theywentonwiththeirstruggle,thinkingtheirswasajustcause.3.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.4.Thedoctor,notwishingtomakehernervous,didnotfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.Presentparticiplephrasesactasadverbialsofcause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphraseFigureofspeech

personificationReferringtoinanimatethingsorabstractionsasiftheywerehuman.Personificationisreallyaspecialkindofmetaphor.e.g.Theyouthweresinging,laughingandplayingthemusicinstruments.Thetreesandflowersaroundthemdancedheartilyasiftouchedbymerrymood.HowsoonhathTime,thesubtlethiefofyouth,stolenonhiswingmythreeandtwentiethyear!Thepurposeofpersonificationistoexplain,toexpand,andtovivify.Itwasthepolicemanthat/whocaughtapickpocketonNo.933busyesterday.(Thesubjectisemphasized.)ItwasapickpocketthatthepolicemancaughtonNo.933busyesterday.(Theobjectisemphasized.)3.It

wasonNo.933busthatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketyesterday.

(Theadverbialofplaceisemphasized.)4.ItwasyesterdaythatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketonNo.933bus.

(Theadverbialoftimeisemphasized.)Theemphaticstructure“Itis/was…that…”canbeusedtoemphasizeanypartofthesentenceexceptthepredicate.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphraseZeugma:asinglewordismadetomodifyorgoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence1.Thesenatorpickeduphishat

aswellas

hiscourage.2.COATTAILS:Clothesthatfittheman

and

thetimes.(Advert.InNewYorkTimesMagazine,1980)3.MissBolorosefromthetableconsiderablyagitated,andwentstraighthome,inafloodoftearsandasedanchair.4.Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDana

ofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.MoreexamplesFigureofspeechZeugma:moreexamplesTheendofZeugma.Zeugmaisacomicfigureofspeech.AtitsbestZeugmaiswittyandamusing,anditincreasesmeaningbyrevealinghiddenconnections.5.Shehadtoswallow

breadandbutterandaspasmofemotion.6.Hefoughtwith

desperationandastoutclub.7.Yesterdayhehad

ablueheartandcoat.8.Igotupyesterdayandmanagedtocatch

abus

andacold.9.…oldpeoplegatheringinthesocialhallfor

comradeshipandahotlunch.FigureofspeechTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-changesinthevillagethatshedisliked(4-7)ChangesinthevillagesinEsarnInthePastNowWaypeoplebuythingsSocialrelationshipamongvillagersThingsusedbythevillagersViewsonfashionAttitudestowardsmonks,templesRelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsbarterforthingscashneighborshelptobuildhouses,reappriceordigwellpaymoneyforitfinebamboopieces,villagecraftsplasticthings,plasticbagsneverwenttohairdresser,paintedlipsornailssellpigsandwaterbuffalotobuyapairofjeansofferfoodtothemonksandgototempleregularlyleavethesethingstooldpeoplecondemnedungratefulson,andgivehimagoodbeatingshoutandscreamathismotherBack4.

1.barter…for

v.toexchange(goods,property,etc.)forothergoods,etc.withoutusingmoneybartersthforsth:barterwithsbforsth:Examples:Ihadtobarterwiththelocalsforfood.

Inthelocalmarket,meatandvegetablesarebarteredforelectricalgoods.Theprisonerstriedtobarterwiththeguardsfortheirfreedom.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis

2.replace:v. a.totaketheplaceofb.togetanewoneforsth.brokenorstolenc.toputbackinitsplaceExamples:Lectureshavereplacedtheoldtutorialsystem.I'llreplacethevaseIbrokeassoonaspossible.Hereplacedthebookontheshelf.a.replaceablen.replacementWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis3.litter:v.tomakeuntidywithscatteredrubbish

n.lightrubbish(bitsofpaper,wrappings)Examples:Thedeskwaslitteredwithpapers.Iamtiredofpickinguplitterthrownbyotherpeople.Peoplewhodroplittercanbefinedinsomecities.SynonymsrubbishgarbagetrashWords&PhrasesTextAnalysistoappear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenlyExamples:

Newhouseswerespringingupalloverthetown.

Dozensofwebsiteshavesprunguptoprovideinformationfortravelers.Newdot-comcompaniesarespringingupallthetime.5.

4.springupSimilarexpressionscomeintobeing/existencearisebeborn“spring”phrases

Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisspringtoone’sfeetspringtosb’sassistancespringtomindspringintofamespringtolifespringoutofbedspringasurpriseonsb.springuplikemushroomsspringfromaristocracy一躍而起十萬(wàn)火急地趕去救援某人在腦海中突然閃現(xiàn)一舉成名煥發(fā)生機(jī)從床上跳起來(lái)使某人大吃一驚雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出身于貴族TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysisThemen,soakedwithsweatfromanall-nightmarch,immediatelywentintoaction.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsofthestruggleoftheminers.Apost-modifyingpastparticiplephrasecorrespondstoanellipticalrelativeclause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase5.fashionable:a.

a.popular,esp.forashortperiodoftimeb.popularwith,orusedby,richpeopleOppositeunfashionableExamples:

Strongcolorsareveryfashionableatthemoment.

Itsuddenlybecamefashionableforpoliticianstotalkaboutgreenissues.HerunsaveryfashionablerestaurantneartheHarbor.Wordformationfashion(n.)RelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisafterafashion

afterthefashionof

comeintofashion

followthefashion

gooutoffashion

in(the)fashionmakefashionoutof(the)fashionseta(the)fashionbeallthefashion

勉強(qiáng)，馬馬虎虎像，跟……一樣；模仿開始風(fēng)行趕時(shí)髦不再風(fēng)行合于時(shí)尚裝裝樣子不合時(shí)尚開創(chuàng)新時(shí)尚

(服裝，舉止等）極時(shí)髦，風(fēng)行一時(shí)TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis

strikesb.ontheheadpoverty-strickenareastrikefear/terrorintosb’sheart

strikeablowagainst/to/atstrikeabalancebetweenstrikeabargain/dealstrikeamatch

strikeoil/goldstrikeanameoutfromtheliststrikeapose/anattitudeThesolutionstruckmeimmediately.

打中某人的頭貧困區(qū)使某人產(chǎn)生害怕／恐懼給予一擊在……之間達(dá)成平衡成交劃火柴發(fā)現(xiàn)石油／金礦從名單上把名字劃去擺姿勢(shì)／態(tài)度我立刻想到這個(gè)解決辦法。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis7.tendto:tobeinclinedto;haveadirectionExamples:Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.Youngchildrentendtogetsickmoreoftenthanadults.Recentstudiesshowthatgirlstendtobebetteratlanguagesthanboys.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis8.shameExamples:Itwasacrying/great/terribleshamethattheylostthegame."Pleasedon'ttellmydadaboutthis,"hesaid,blushingwithshame.He'sbroughtshameonthewholefamily.IbowmyheadinshamewhenIthinkofhowItreatedher.

n.a.sadordisappointingfeelingb.guiltyorembarrassingfeelinga.shamefula.ashameda.shamelessv.shameWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis9.Shoutatsb.:tospeakloudly,oftenangrilytosb.

Shouttosb.:tospeakloudly

e.g.

Heoftenshoutedathiswife,andthisupsether.

TomshoutedtoJacktopasstheball.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis10.condemn

v.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis

tohitsb.asapunishmentExamples:Hisfathertookhimtothebarnandgavehimagoodbeating.Oursoldiersgavetheenemyathoroughbeating.11.givesb.a(good/…)beatingSimilarexpressionsbeatspanksmack/slapwhip/flogcorporalpunishmentWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis IfthatkindofthinghadhappenedwhenIwasyoung,thewholevillagewouldhavecondemnedsuchanungratefulson,andhisfatherwouldsurelyhavegivenhimagoodbeating.(6)Inmydayifaboyhadscreamedathismother,thewholevillagewouldhavescoldedhimforhislackofgratitude,andhisfatherwouldcertainlyhavepunishedhim.subjunctivemoodExercise:P63TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrasewithreferenceto(sometimessuggestingindifferenceorcontempt)Examples:

Asforyou,Ineverwanttoseeyouhereagain.

Asfortheburglar,heescapedthroughthewindow.

Asformypast,I’mnottellingyouanything.8.

12.asfor“as”phrases至于，關(guān)于Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisCf.asagainstasfromasgoodasasitis/wasasitwereasregardsastoCf.與……比較，與……相對(duì)照自……起與……幾乎一樣；實(shí)際上等于實(shí)際上可以說，在某種程度上就……而論，按照，依照關(guān)于，至于Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisifanideaorthoughtoccurstoyou,itsuddenlycomesintoyourmindExamples:Isupposeitdidn'toccurtoyoutophonethepolice.Itneverseemstooccurtomychildrentocontactme.Ithadneveroccurredtohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.9.

13.occurtoSimilarexpressionshaveanideahaveathoughtcrosssb’smindentersb’smindstrikecome/springtomindWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis

averythinpersonoranimalExamples:Thecatwasjustabagofbones.Lackofenoughfoodreducedrefugeestobagsofbones.14.abagofbones“bone”phrases骨瘦如柴的人（或動(dòng)物）Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisCf.aboneofcontention(as)dryasabone(as)hardasabonebarebonesbredinthebonecastabonebetweeninsb’sbonesfeel(it)inone’sbonesCf.爭(zhēng)端的起因，爭(zhēng)議點(diǎn)干透，十分干燥極為堅(jiān)硬基本要點(diǎn)，梗概與生俱來(lái)的，改不掉的在……之間引起爭(zhēng)端，離間在某人的本性中從內(nèi)心（預(yù)）感到；（憑直覺）確信Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis15.inrags:wearingoldandwornortornclothesExamples:Hegavefivedollarstoatrampdressedinrags

andtatters.Childreninragsbeggedmoneyfromthetourists.Thereareareaswhereeverychildisinrags

andlearnstobeathieffromtheageofthree.Learnmore衣衫襤褸的Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisbecomingveryrichafterstartingyourlifeverypoorExamples:Helikestotellpeopleofhisrisefromragstoriches.Iusedtheanalogyofafamilythatgoesfrom

ragstorichesandbacktoragsinthreeorfourgenerations.16.fromragstoriches從赤貧到巨富Words&PhrasesTextAnalysisMetaphorTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

Ametaphorisalsoacomparison.Thedifferenceisthatasimilecomparesthingsexplicitly—thatis,itstatesliterallythatXislikeY.Ametaphorcomparesthingsimplicitly.Readliterally,itdoesnotstatethatthingsarealike;itsaysthattheyarethesamething,thattheyareidentical.ExamplesFigureofspeechMetaphor

subject/tenorreference/vehicleCapeCod(isthebaredandbended)armof(Massachusetts.)He(is)awolf(insheep’sclothing.)Figureofspeech

n.asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomethingExamples:Thescarcityofmedicalsupplieswasbecomingcritical.Theworldisenteringaperiodofproteinscarcity,thereportsays.Anindependencebaseduponanabundanceofgoodwillmaybefoundevenwheretherearescarcitiesinpowerresources.15.

17.scarcitySynonymsshortageraritydearthWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis14.

18.condemn

v.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysisTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartII:thehusband’sspeech(8-11)5.Thefarmerisverytraditional.Hestillclingstotheconventionalideaofhavingabigfamilywithchildrenaroundhim.Becauseofhisstrongattachmenttotheland,hewantshischildrentofollowinhisfootstepsandbecontentwiththefarminglife.Thefarmernursesastronglovetowardstheland.Helovesthefeelingwhentillingthelandandthesmellandsightwhenthericeonthelandisripening.Hefeelssoclosetothelandthathecanevenreadthemessageoftheland.Hestronglyhopesthatonedayhecanpassontheland’ssecretmessagetohisgrandchildren. Myeyesdosee—theyseemorethantheyshould.Myearsdohear—theyhearmorethanisgoodforme.(8)I’mnotwhatmywifesaysIam.Idoseeandhear—Iseeandheartoomuchevil,toomanyuglyandterriblethings,thingsthatIwishIdidnothavetoseeandhear.Andthisisnotgoodforme.“do”isusedtoemphasizeverb.“morethanisgood”isthesameas“morethanwhatisgood”.ExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphraseHedrankmorethan(what)wasgoodforhim.Katemeantmorethan(what)wassaid.Someofthestorieswerereallymorethan(what)couldbebelieved.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrasedesirelongcravecovetlust:n.averystrongdesiretohavesomething,usu.powerormoney

v.towantsth.verymuch,esp.sth.thatyou

donotreallyneedExamples: Herlustformoneyisinsatiable. Throughouthiscareerhewasmotivatedbyalustforpower. Publishersworldwidemustbelustingforit.SynonymsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis2.atpeacewithinasituationinwhichthereisnowarorfighting;inharmonywithExamples:Thetwocountriesareatpeacewitheachother.Thecountryisatpe