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被動語態(tài)王小妮1.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.2.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.4.Lucky52iswatchedonTVbymanypeople.3.Theticketsaboutheroesaresoldout.5.RiceisplantedinSouthChina.6.Heissaidagoodboy.語態(tài):表示主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài),即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài):表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài):表示主語是動作的承受者。如:Manystudents
study
English.(主動語態(tài))English
isstudied
bymanystudents.(被動語態(tài))語態(tài)
助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時一樣。如:Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞不同的時態(tài)有不同的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):bymanystudents.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.Englishisstudied2.Theymake
shoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的謂語。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的by
短語。(①by短語可以省。②by短語后跟代詞的賓格。)bytheteacher.3.Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.HeisaskedquestionsTheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.肯定句:主語+be+過去分詞+(by~)否定句:主語+benot+過去分詞+(by~)一般疑問句:Be+主語+過去分詞+(by~)?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by~)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的,be是什么時態(tài),全句就是什么時態(tài),be動詞后面的過去分詞不變。bymanystudents.Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.Englishisnotstudied1.They
bought
tencomputerslastterm.
bythemlastterm.2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+過去分詞lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswereboughtTheybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):willbe+過去分詞1.Theywillfinish
theworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillclean
theroomtomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom
tomorrow.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞1.Amy
cantakegoodcareof
Gina
.byAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrink
morewater.Morewater
shouldbedrunkbyyou.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)is/am/are+being+過去分詞1.Someworkersarepainting
theroomsnow.bysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.Heiswatching
TV.TVisbeingwatched
byhim.6.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)have/has+been+過去分詞1.Wehavemade
twentymorekeys.byus.Twentymorekeyshavebeenmade2.Wehavefinished
ourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.表格:被動態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/will/begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeen
donehadbeen
doneSuchbooksarewrittenforchildren.
這些書是為兒童寫的。Ihaven’tbeentoldaboutit.沒有人告訴我這件事被動語態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰.It’s/wassaid/believed/reported/+that…It’sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.
據(jù)報道,這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者,這時應(yīng)用by短語。ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid.(3)作客觀說明時,常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型.如:1.Hegaveme
abook.
-Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(以I做主語)-AbookwasgiventomebyTom.(以物book作主語)
2.Heteachesus
English.
-WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.(以人當(dāng)主語)-Englishistaughttousbyhim.(以物作主語)被動語態(tài)的幾種類型1.帶雙賓語句子的被動語態(tài).(指物的賓語叫直接賓語,指人的賓語叫間接賓語)常見的接雙賓語的動詞有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”當(dāng)主語時,變法和一般的變法一樣;以“物”當(dāng)主語時,在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或for.keep,make三類的動詞常常有賓語補足語,在被動語態(tài)中,賓語補足語位置不變。
We
keep
food
freshinthefridge.
主謂賓賓補-Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge.Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding.
-Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.2.含有賓語補足語的句子的被動語態(tài)
不及物動詞沒有賓語,因此沒有被動語態(tài)。但有的不及物動詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)成短語動詞之后,其作用相當(dāng)于及物動詞,可以接賓語,因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。在變成被動語態(tài)時,不能去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞.Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Mychildistakengoodcareof.Iturnedofftheradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byme)
3.含有短語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)下列這些短語本身即是被動語態(tài)的形式,不需再加-bybecoveredwith…用…覆蓋著
beinterestedin…對…感興趣
besurprisedat…對…感到驚奇
bemadeof(from)用…制造的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)
takecareof-betakencareofcutdown-becutdownlaughat-belaughedatlookafter-belookedafter即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice,這些詞在主動句中,其后的動詞不定式不加to,但變被動句時必須加to.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.2.Weheard
themsingintheclassroom.Theywasheardtosingintheclassroom.4.感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語是反身代詞和相互代詞時,不能改為被動語態(tài)。Weoftenhelpeachother.
我們常?;ハ鄮椭?。(2)當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的及物動詞時(如have,like,takeplace,belongto…)如:
Iliketheseflowers.我喜歡這些花。
Iwillhaveameeting.
不說Ameetingwillbehad.應(yīng)說Ameetingwillbeheld.5.不能用于被動語態(tài)的幾種情況把下列句子變成被動語態(tài):Acar
knockedhimdownyesterday.2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam.3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree.Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday.Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo….Practice4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday.5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool.6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear.
TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday.Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool.Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear.填空(完成被動語態(tài)填空)
1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.(改為被動語態(tài))
Theirclassroom_____often______bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.(同上)
Anewpen_________________Tomlastweek.
iscleanedwasgivenbyPractice3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.(同上)
English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.(同上)
English__________________forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.(同上)
Thesestory-books_______________nextmonth.canbespokenhasbeenlearnedwillbepublished6.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(濟南市中考題)
——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.變主動語態(tài)7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青島市中考題)8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm(上海市中考題)Theysentupwereplanted
aregrown中考題1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,
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