英語閱讀 解讀七選五

高考新題型閱讀理解七選五【點分析該類題型要求從短文后的七個選項（均為完整的句子選出五個能填入文章空處的最佳選項要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握其命題形式深受英語四六級和考研閱讀多項選擇題的影響體現(xiàn)了《新課標》“用英語獲取、處理和運用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語思維的能力。”的閱讀學習和教學理念。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙只是選項少以句子形式出現(xiàn)考查目的和側重點不完全相同而已。從《考試說明》對該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！笨梢缘贸鲆韵屡袛啵涸擃}備選項可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結構）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義三類其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設置例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結構，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等?！绢}型析】分析篇章結構，把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關鍵，英語的語篇（course）通常是由句子和語段sentencegroup）構成的，語段是句子和語篇之間的中間層次句子雖然能夠單獨地表達相對完整的思想但是它不能表達多方面的比較復雜的思想只有把幾個句子結合為較大的言語片段才能表達一個相對獨立的層意，所謂的“積句而成章，積章而成篇?！本褪沁@個道理。分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層次，也就是段落，另一種是分析每一個段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語篇層次。語篇與段落是有區(qū)別的語段是篇章結構的中間層次是由句子到篇的一種過渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些語體（如記敘文、議論文）中比語段更大的意義單位較小的段落可以只包括一個語段或一個句子一般來說一個段落通常由幾個語段構成構成語段的方式有兩種一是靠句際間意義的結合二是靠句際間的關聯(lián)詞邏輯性插入語來連接在分析語段層次時可以借助句際

間的連接詞語作出判斷但最主要的還是要真正體會句際間的意義關系把握作者的思路，從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點，理清層次，好文章的層次非常清晰，只有層層入手，才能真正理解文章。例如：（2008高考英語寧夏海南卷閱讀理解選）第二節(jié)（共5題每小題分滿分分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Takinggoodatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoubecomeabinseveralSecond,arefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.offersvarietyyourstudytimeyouholdinterest.Youwillwantnotesduringdiscussionsreadingatextbookdoingforreport.72Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinthatnote-takingaselectiveThefollowingforyou.●Readthequicklyfindtheideasinit.●Carefullyreadthetextforwordsthatcanshow●inyourown●74●Noteanyquestionsideasyouhaveaboutwhatsaidwritten.youtakeyoumaywantuse速記).Whenyoubesurethatyouthatyouusealltime.75words,B.TherethreeC.YouyouronseparateD.Otherwise,youmaynottoyourlater.E.youwillwanttoyourmethodfortakingnotes.

youmustfirstwhatisimportantincludeinyourG.First,thesimpleactofwritingdownmakesiteasierforyourememberit.答案：分析這篇文章整體分為四個段落層次每個段落均由幾個語段構成相對獨立地語義單位，各段都圍繞“Takinggoodnotes”這樣一個中心話題，形成了文章的線性結構。第一段講述的是做筆記是好學生在多方面的一項省時技巧二段講述的是不管何時用何種方法做筆記都要有選擇性的做記錄第三段講述的是做筆記的最佳方法第四段講述的是要記住自己的速記符號這就形成了文章的層次結構，這對下一步的做題有了明確的整體方向?！窘忸}略】1．理句際間意義關系文章的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)各層各段的大意有機地組合而成各個層次各個段落之間不管怎樣錯落有致但它所表達的內(nèi)容都是要圍繞中心的各句之間都有一定的語脈，從邏輯意義上來看，語段的句際關系可分為列、順、層遞、轉、總分、解釋因果等系構成語段的各個句子之間有時可以包含一種以上的句際關系。因此，理解閱讀材料時一定要把握語脈，理清句際間的關系，進而理解語段或全文的內(nèi)容。如上述七選五中，第一段的第一句“Takingnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabatterstudentinseveral”與下面幾句是解釋關系，解釋關系是指后面的句子對前面的句子作解釋、引申、例證，使意思更加明了、具體。后三句之間是平列關系，平列關系指句與句之間處于平等并列的地位互不相屬而只是組合在一起共同說明一個問題平列關系組合的語段在次序上并不固定如果局部改變句子的相互位置并不改變整個語段的意思。第二段的第一句與第二句是層遞關系層遞關系是一種固定的順序關系但又不同與順序關系序關系指構成語段的各句子只能按事物發(fā)展的過程由先而

后地順序排列不可隨意改變次序通常在記敘文或描述固定的操作程序的說明文中用得普遍層遞關系組合的語段是按語意的輕重識的深淺作由輕到重、由淺入深的排列。第三句與第四句是解釋關系，第一、二句組合為一個語段，第三四句組合為另外一個語段語段與語段之間是總分關系總分關系是指前面的句子陳述兩個過兩個以上的對象后面的句子緊接著分別對它們加以說明用這種方式組合的語段能夠前呼后應，彼此配合，使語脈清楚，條分縷析，如“heneverorhoweveryoutakenotes”一句與前兩句前呼后應，彼此配合，為前句選“E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.”埋伏了一筆，邏輯性很強。第三段的第一句與下面幾句是解釋關系，而后列舉的方法是平列關系。第四段的最后兩句是轉折關系轉折關系指句與句之間存在意義的轉折通常表達對比或?qū)φ盏囊馑肌?．找句子之間的接性的語文章的語句間的組合除了從語句間的意義關系分析外還可借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握因為連接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間層與層之間的基本關系是承接關系（如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等）平列關系（如second,third...;firstly,secondly,thirdly...;first,next,then...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranotherthing...;tobeginwith,toconclude等比如文章中的選項由SecondThird知應選表示平列關系的句子項。轉折關系（如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise等）。比如選項75，與前句構成了轉折關系，故應選D項答案。

層遞關系（如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not...but...,notonly...butalso...等）。如72選項，與前句組合為層遞關系，故應選包含also的E.項句子。解釋關系，如選項應選F.選項，與74選項平等的，是一組祈示句，而非陳述句，故應選A.項而非B項?？傊?，對一個語段或語篇的分析，可以按以下步驟進行：（）通讀全文，對章進行速瀏覽，尋主題句抓住文章結及文章的寫作容。在閱讀過程中要注意文章的開始與結束段落尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因為“開門見山”與“結尾總結”的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在說明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容并簡要指出文章的寫作思路有時甚至會以提綱的形式進行呈現(xiàn)首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義如果它是文章的主題句就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解如果末句不是主題句則需要繼續(xù)尋找這時可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否結尾總結式如兩者均可排除，則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意，首段與末段的提示作用。（）詳讀段落，在時間內(nèi)找出每段寫內(nèi)容的鍵詞。明確段的主題句或旨大意。文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據(jù)整體文章寫作主題展開，對文章主體進行的不同方面的描述找出各個小段落中的關鍵詞明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。（）定位選項，明各備選項的含義，住其關詞語，根據(jù)章整體結構與體內(nèi)容，將項填入中，填寫時為注意選項中出現(xiàn)句子銜手段及中的銜接標詞。在定位選項時要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結構和意義將所選項放入空白處看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系是否符合該處語境能否承接前后的寫作線索使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。

一篇文章作為一個整體是有其寫作的線索與思路的在選項定位中要尤其注意文章的寫作線索文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個段落每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體果帶入選項后文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應更換其它選項。（）通讀復檢，將選答案入文中，再通讀全，重點考查輯關系和關聯(lián)構。在完成選項定位后應通讀全文檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整語義是否連貫合理段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題篇結構是否通順連貫有一致性乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了格式以及用語是否恰當貼切從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確同時我們還應注意對相近選項的對比分析個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內(nèi)容相近具有很強的干擾性這時就需要我們認真分析仔細甄別排除干擾，從而得出正確選項。要特別意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的選擇否則不要倉促更改只要前兩步投入了精力，動了腦筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。（）確定排除，研多余選，確定排除由，最確定答案。（據(jù)文內(nèi)容短后的選項中選出能填入白處的最佳選項。

選項中有兩為多余選項。Oneofthethingscanpossiblydoistostartyouownclub.It’sfunespeciallyifyouarethesortpersonwhofeelsthereneveranythingtoduringschoolholidays.Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforclub._72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,things?Thelistendless.youneedsomefriendstobeinclubyou.Allisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedthesamethingasyou.shouldallsitdowntogetherwithlotsofpiecesofpaperandwriteeverycanthinkThatbusyforages.Atfirstyoumakeuparulebook.Andthefirstruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubsarealwayssecret!Nowyouhaveabouteverythingyouexceptcards.TheseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedlotoftimemakingWhynotleavesomespaceforphotoofyourself?Thatwillcardreallylooklikethereare,getclubbing!Oncegetstartedyou’llthinkofloadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!A.Thateasy.B.EnjoyownC.Inviteadesignerjoinyou.youinterestE.Somevacationisjustthecorner.pickanameforyourclub.G.Useabrightthickpenmakeaspecialdesign.（2）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后的選項中選能填入空白處的最佳選項中的兩項為多途項trulyeverknowwhatitwhat

takestoachievehappiness?__71___.ThefollowingaretipsthatIfollowtocreatehappinessinmy※MakeaplanattaininggoalsthatyoubelievemakeyouYourwillverylikelyincreaseifaregoingaftersomethingvalue.※yourselfwithpeople.Iteasybegintothinknegativelywhenyousurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthat___72___.※Whensomethingwrong,trytofigureoutsolutioninsteadofbeingabsorbedinselfpity.Trulyhappypeoplesetbackstoaffecttheirmoodbecausetheyknowthatwithalittlethoughttheythecircumstancestotheirfavor.※__73_.Theseminuteswillgivetheopportunitytofocusthepositivethingsinyourlifeandwillleadtocontinuoushappiness.※.treatyourselftolunch,takelong,relaxingbathorsimplyextraminutesonyourappearance,willsubconsciously(下識地puttingyourselfinabettermood.※thehumorinsituationscanleadtohappiness.amakeofasituationthatotherwisemakeyouhappy.※Keepinghealthyisanotherwaytoachievehappiness.75makesonepersonbeverydifferentsomeoneelsehappy.On．contrary,arearoundpeoplewhohappy,theiremotionalstatewillbeinfectious.．Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhaveanegativeeffectonmood．．Theseimportantquestionsforanyonewhoisseekinghappinesstoaskthemselves.

afewminuteseachdaythinkingaboutthethingsthatyouhappy.．Therearesomeinlifethattohappiness.It’salsoimportanttaketimeeachtodosomethingniceforyourself.（據(jù)文內(nèi)容短后的選項中選出能填入白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩為多余選項。.Beingangry’treallysolvebutwhatpeopledowhentheyfeelangryisimportant.Thegoalistocalmdownandtrytosolvewhatisbotheringyou.isforsomekidsandadults,too.Insteadofcalmingdown,somekidsmightgettingmoreandmoreupsetuntiltheyexplodelikevolcano!.Theirangersostronglosecontroloftheirtemper.Theyactinunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplesaythatsomeonehastroublecontrollingtheirtemper.__73___Somekidsmightgetsoangrythattheyattheirparents,breaksomething,or,theirbrothersorsisters._74____.However,it’snotOKforakidtodoanyofthosethings.Kids’ttoactinthisway,butangryfeelingsbehardtotoWell,thenewsisthatkidsdonjusttothesamemistakesoverandoveragain.__75___.Imagineyourasapuppyinsidethatneedssometraining.isnotbad----willprobablyturnoutagreatItjustneedstolearnsomebecause,rightnow,thatiscausingsomeproblemstoyou.A.Youcantraintemper.’twanttocausetrouble.C.Kidsshouldbeallowedtoexpresstheirfeelings,

angryones.D.Everybodygetsangrysometimes.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeelingangry.F.Insteadofthinkingofthepersonangrywith,thinkofsomethingelse.G.Somekidsgetangryoftenormoreeasilythansomeother（據(jù)文容，從短文后的項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項項有兩為多余項。Choosingrightjobisprobablyofimportantdecisionshavetomakelife,anditisfrequentlyoneofhardestdecisionstomake.Oneimportantquestionyoumightyourselfis:“HowdoIgetajob?”___71___.Therearepeoplewhocananinsignificantadvertisementinthelocalpaperandthebestjobintheotherswritetosortsofplacesalloverthecountry,neverseemtoareplyall.Stillothersbelievethattheperson,door-to-doorapproachisfarthebestwaytogetajob;thentherearethroughnoactivedecisionofjustseemtointherightplaceattherighttime.___72____.usedlotoffreedownthewatchingtallships,butthinkingthathemightonesailoneofthem.Hisfatherwasfarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanythingforthebutidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,hethecaptainoftheshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseonememberofhiswassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad(少)offeredtotakehisplace.___73___.__74__.Iftheladto（考慮hisdecision

forahemayhavemissedhischance.Itthingofferedopportunity;isanotherthingtotakeandusewell.hearstoriesaboutpeoplebreakalltherulesstilltolandplumjobs美）Whenyougoforajobintervieworfilloutanapplication,（areexpectedtonicethingsaboutthewhichyouareapplying.___75___.AndwithinayearthispersonoftheA．ThisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizingopportunitywhenitpresentsB．findjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.Cit’salmostimpossibletofindgoodjobansweringadvertisementin．forthewhowantedtoasailor.therewaspersonlandedexcellentjobbytellingtheinterviewerallcompany’sspenttherestofhishappilysailingshipshealwaysloved.Itisveryimportantseizeanopportunityitpresentsitself.（根短文內(nèi)容從文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項選項中兩項為多余選項。goingoutsideinthemorning,manyofuscheckwindowthermometer(溫計forthetemperature.Thishelpsusdecidetowear..Weourfoodtobeacertaincoldnessinrefrigerator.Wewantitcertainhotnessinoven.Ifwedon’tfeelwell,aseeifweafever.Weourcertaininthewinteracertaincoolnessinthealltheusethesamesystemto

temperature.WeusesystemcalledtheFahrenheitscale.othercountriesusetheCentigradescale.Bothsystemsusethefreezingandboilingpointsofwaterastheirguide._____72_______.kindofthermometerismadewithmercury(水)insideaclearglassAs(orliquid)hot,itAsitgetscolder,it收).Thatiswhyonhotlineishighinglasstube.______73______.First.Takeclearglassjuicebottlethathasacap;fillthebottlewithcolouredwater.aholeinthecenterofthecapusingaandthicknail.Putthejar.stickplasticstraw(吸管throughthenailhole._______74____________.Finally.Placewhitecardontheoutsideofthebottlebehindthestraw.canseethewaterlevereasily._______75___________.Asthetemperaturegoesdown,thewatercontract,theleverinthestrawwillcomedown.Perhapswilltokeeparecordoftheineachmorningforaweek.A.Weuseandtothetemperatureofmanyotherthingsinourdailylives.B.temperature,byusingmaterialsthatchangeinthewaytheyareheatedorcooled.C.Nowthatknowthisruleyouaofyourownthatwork.waterriseinthestraw.Astemperatureofairgoesup,thewillandrisehigher.E.labeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheit

scalewaterfreezes32degreesboilsat212degrees.theCelsiusscalewaterfreezes0degreesandat100degrees.F.Takewax(youuseoldcandleifyouhaveone)andsomeofrightthestrawisstruckintotoseal(..粘住themtogether.Peoplewhichmadethemselvestravellingtheworld.（）據(jù)文內(nèi)容，短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項項有兩項為多余選項。Whatisyourfavouritecolour?likeyellow,orange,red?___71___.Doprefergreysblues?areprobablyquiet,shy,andratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtopessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,theyshouldbecausetheyseriouslystudyingtheofcolourpreference,aswelltheeffectcoloursbeings..Ifyouhappentolovebrown,didso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyouseeclearly.___73___.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplemorecheerfulmorerelaxedadarkgreenanddressbringscheertosaddestwinterday..blackbridgetheRiver,nearLondon,tobethesceneofmoresuicides(自殺)thananyotherbridgeinthearea---untilrepaintedgreen.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsfallenthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbaby___75___.Itestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersbetter,harder,andfeweraccidents

theirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.A.theotherblackdepressing.tellus,amongotherfacts,thatdonotchooseourfavouritecolourasup---areb