私法英語表達知到章節(jié)答案智慧樹2023年吉林大學(xué)

私法英語表達知到章節(jié)測試答案智慧樹2023年最新吉林大學(xué)第一章測試

(3)

aresystemsoflawwhosesourcesarethe

(4)

incasesbyjudges.

（3）處為

參考答案:

Commonlaw

Thecontemporarylegalsystemsoftheworldaregenerallybasedononeoffourbasicsystems

(1),

(2),statutorylaw,religiouslaworcombinationsofthese.However,thelegalsystemofeachcountryisshapedbyitsuniquehistoryandsoincorporatesindividualvariations.（1）（2）處分別為

參考答案:

Civillaw;Commonlaw

(3)

aresystemsoflawwhosesourcesarethe(4)

incasesbyjudges.

（4）處為

參考答案:

decision

Alongside,everysystemwillhavea(5)

thatpassesnewlawsand(6).

（5）處為

參考答案:

Legislature

Alongside,everysystemwillhavea(5)

thatpassesnewlawsand(6).

（6）處為

參考答案:

Statute

statute對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

Alawenactedbythelegislativebranchofagovernment

provision對應(yīng)下列選項為

參考答案:

Astipulationmadeasaclauseinastatuteorcontractmadebeforehand.

code對應(yīng)下列選項為

參考答案:

Asystematiccompilationorrevisionoflaworlegalprinciplesthatisarrangedesp.bysubject

legislature對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

Abodyofpersonshavingthepowertolegislate

precedent對應(yīng)下列選項為？

參考答案:

Ajudicialdecisionthatshouldbefollowedbyajudgewhendecidingalatersimilarcase

substantivelaw對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

Lawthatcreatesordefinesrights,duties,obligations,andcausesofactionthatcanbeenforcedbylaw

prosecute對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

Toinstituteandcarryforwardlegalactionagainstforredressoresp.punishmentofacrime

procedurallaw對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

lawthatprescribestheproceduresandmethodsforenforcingrightsanddutiesandforobtainingredress.

第二章測試

Advocacy對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

null

Allegation對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

null

Attorney對應(yīng)下列哪個選項?

參考答案:

Apersonauthorizedtoactonanother’sbehalf;esplawyer

Civillaw對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

abodyoflawsandlegalconceptswhichcomedownfromoldRomanlawsestablishedbyEmperorJustinian

Defendant對應(yīng)下列哪個選項?

參考答案:

thepartysuedinacivillawsuitorthepartychargedwithacrimeinacriminalprosecution.Insometypesofcases(suchasdivorce)adefendantmaybecalledarespondent.

Plaintiff對應(yīng)下倆哪個選項？

參考答案:

thepartywhoinitiatesalawsuitbyfilingacomplaintwiththeclerkofthecourtagainstthedefendant(s)demandingdamages,performanceand/orcourtdeterminationofrights.

Draft對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

null

judgment對應(yīng)下列哪個選項？

參考答案:

null

LawyersintheUnitedKingdom(1)

generallypracticeassolicitorsinprivatefirms,aslegaladvisersincorporations,governmentdepartments,andadviceagencies,orasbarristers.

（1）處為

參考答案:

Jurisdictions

Theycaneachdo(2),(3)

andgivewrittenadvice,but(4),unlike(5),cannotappearineverycourt.

（2）處為

參考答案:

Advocacy

Theycaneachdo(2),(3)

andgivewrittenadvice,but(4),unlike(5),cannotappearineverycourt.

（3）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

draftlegaldocuments

Theycaneachdo(2),(3)

andgivewrittenadvice,but(4),unlike(5),cannotappearineverycourt.

（4）處為

參考答案:

solicitors

Theycaneachdo(2),(3)

andgivewrittenadvice,but(4),unlike(5),cannotappearineverycourt.

（5）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

barristers

(6)

mostlyspecialiseincourtroomadvocacyandlitigation.（6）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

barristers

Theirtasksincludetakingcasesinsuperiorcourtsand(7),draftinglegalpleadings,researchingthephilosophy,hypothesisandhistoryoflaw,andgivingexpertlegalopinions.

（7）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

tribunal

A(8)isalegalpractitionerwhotraditionallydealswithmostofthelegalmattersinsomejurisdictions.Apersonmusthavelegally-definedqualifications,whichvaryfromonejurisdictiontoanother,tobedescribedasasolicitorandenabledtopractisethereassuch.

（8）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

solicitors

A(9)

presidesovercourtproceedings,eitheraloneorasapartofapanelofjudges.Thepowers,functions,methodofappointment,discipline,andtrainingofjudgesvarywidelyacrossdifferentjurisdictions.

（9）處為

參考答案:

judge

Thejudgeissupposedtoconductthetrial

(10)

andinanopencourt.

（10）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

impartially

Thejudge(11)

allthewitnessesandanyotherevidencepresentedbythebarristersofthecase（11）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

hear

(12)

thecredibilityandargumentsoftheparties,andthenissuesarulingonthematterathandbasedonhisorherinterpretationofthelawandhisorherownpersonaljudgment.Insomejurisdictions（12）處應(yīng)為

參考答案:

assess

thejudge'spowersmaybesharedwitha(13)（13）應(yīng)為

參考答案:

jury

In(14)

ofcriminalinvestigation,ajudgemightalsobeanexaminingmagistrate.（14）為

參考答案:

inquisitorialsystem

第三章測試

negligence對應(yīng)

參考答案:

failuretoexercisethecaretowardotherswhichareasonableorprudentpersonwoulddointhecircumstances,ortakingactionwhichsuchareasonablepersonwouldnot.

defamation對應(yīng)下列

參考答案:

theactofmakinguntruestatementsaboutanotherwhichdamageshis/herreputation.

remedy對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

tort對應(yīng)

參考答案:

fromFrenchfor"wrong,"acivilwrongorwrongfulact,whetherintentionaloraccidental,fromwhichinjuryoccurstoanother.

tortfeasor對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

trespass對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

terminate對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Tocometoanendintimeoreffect

Atort,incommonlawjurisdictions,isacivilwrongthatunfairlycausessomeoneelsetosufferlossorharmresultinginlegalliabilityforthepersonwhocommitsthetortiousact,calleda(1)（1）為

參考答案:

tortfeasor

The(2)

oftheharmcanrecovertheirlossasdamagesinalawsuit.Inordertoprevail（2）為

參考答案:

victim

the(3)

inthelawsuit,commonlyreferredtoastheinjuredparty,mustshowthattheactionsorlackofactionwasthelegallyrecognizablecauseoftheharm.

（3）為

參考答案:

plaintiff

Legalinjuriesarenotlimitedto

(4)

andmayincludeemotional,economic,orreputationalinjuriesaswellasviolationsofprivacy,property,orconstitutionalrights.

（4）為

參考答案:

physical

Whilemanytortsaretheresultofnegligence,tortlawalsorecognizes(5)

torts（5）為

參考答案:

intentional

andinafewcases(particularlyforproductliabilityintheUnitedStates)"(6)"whichallows(7)

withouttheneedtodemonstratenegligence.（6）為

參考答案:

strictliability

andinafewcases(particularlyforproductliabilityintheUnitedStates)"(6)"whichallows(7)

withouttheneedtodemonstratenegligence.（7）為

參考答案:

recovery

Sometimesaplaintiffmayprevailinatortcaseevenifthepersonwhoallegedlycausedharmwas(8)

inanearliercriminaltrial.Forexample,O.J.Simpsonwasacquittedincriminalcourtofmurderbutlaterfound(9)

forthetortofwrongfuldeath.（8）為

參考答案:

acquitted

Sometimesaplaintiffmayprevailinatortcaseevenifthepersonwhoallegedlycausedharmwas(8)

inanearliercriminaltrial.Forexample,O.J.Simpsonwasacquittedincriminalcourtofmurderbutlaterfound(9)

forthetortofwrongfuldeath.（9）為

參考答案:

liable

第四章測試

acquisition對應(yīng)

參考答案:

theobtainingofcontrollinginterestinacompany

merger對應(yīng)

參考答案:

thejoiningtogetheroftwocorporationsinwhichonecorporationtransfersallofitsassetstotheother,whichcontinuestoexist.Ineffectonecorporation"swallows"theother,buttheshareholdersoftheswallowedcompanyreceivesharesofthesurvivingcorporation.

bankruptcy對應(yīng)

參考答案:

n.theadministrationofaninsolventdebtor’spropertybythecourtforthebenefitofthedebtor’screditors

director對應(yīng)

參考答案:

n.amemberofthegoverningboardofacorporationorassociationelectedorre-electedatannualmeetingsoftheshareholdersormembers.

dissolve對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Endingofapartnershiprelationshipcausedbythewithdrawalofoneofthepartnersfromtherelationship

fiduciary對應(yīng)

參考答案:

n.fromtheLatinfiducia,meaning"trust,"aperson(orabusinesslikeabankorstockbrokerage)whohasthepowerandobligationtoactforanother(oftencalledthebeneficiary)undercircumstanceswhichrequiretotaltrust,goodfaithandhonesty.

insolvency對應(yīng)

參考答案:

theconditionofhavingmoredebts(liabilities)thantotalassetswhichmightbeavailabletopaythem,eveniftheassetsweremortgagedorsold.

liquidate對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Todeterminetheliabilitiesandapportiontheassetsofesp.inbankruptcyordissolution

takeover對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Theacquisitionofcontrolorpossession(asofacorporation)

windup對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Tobringtoanendbytakingcareofunfinishedbusiness

Companiesoccupyaspecialplaceincivillaw,becausetheyhavealegalpersonalityseparatefromthosewhoinvesttheircapitalandlabourtorunthebusiness.Englishlawrecognisedlongagothatacorporationwouldhave"(1)".

參考答案:

legalpersonality

Legalpersonalitysimplymeanstheentityisthesubjectoflegalrightsandduties.Itcansueandbesued.Thegeneralrulesofcontract,tortandunjustenrichmentoperateinthefirstplaceagainstthecompanyasadistinctentity.

Companylaw,orcorporatelaw,canbebrokendownintotwomainfields.CorporategovernanceintheUKmediatestherightsanddutiesamong(2),employees,

參考答案:

shareholders

(3)anddirectors.Sincetheboardofdirectorshabituallypossessesthepowertomanagethebusinessundera(4).（3）為

參考答案:

creditors

(3)

anddirectors.Sincetheboardofdirectorshabituallypossessesthepowertomanagethebusinessundera

(4).（4）為

參考答案:

companyconstitution

UKlawis"shareholderfriendly"inthatshareholders,tothe(5)ofemployees,

參考答案:

exclusion

typicallyexercisesole(6)

inthegeneralmeeting.

參考答案:

votingrights

(7)

mustcarryouttheirresponsibilitieswithcompetence,

參考答案:

Directors

in(8)

andundividedloyaltytotheenterprise.

參考答案:

goodfaith

particularlyforminorityshareholders,directors'dutiesandothermemberrightsmaybe(9)

incourt.Ofcentralimportanceinpublicandlistedcompaniesisthesecuritiesmarket.TheUKstronglyprotectstherightofshareholderstobetreatedequallyandfreelytradetheirshares.

參考答案:

vindicated

Corporatefinanceconcernsthetwomoneyraisingoptionsforlimitedcompanies.Equityfinanceinvolvesthetraditionalmethodofissuingsharestobuildupacompany'scapital.Sharescancontainanyrightsthecompanyandpurchaserwishtocontractfor,butgenerallygranttherighttoparticipatein(10)

afteracompanyearnsprofitsandtherighttovoteincompanyaffairs.

參考答案:

dividends

第五章測試

offer對應(yīng)

參考答案:

aspecificproposaltoenterintoanagreementwithanother.Anofferisessentialtotheformationofanenforceablecontract.Anofferandacceptanceoftheoffercreatesthecontract.

acceptance對應(yīng)

參考答案:

receivingsomethingfromanotherwiththeintenttokeepit,andshowingthatthiswasbasedonapreviousagreement.

binding對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Imposingalegalobligation

breach對應(yīng)

參考答案:

theactoffailingtoperformone'sagreement,breakingone'sword,orotherwiseactivelyviolatingone'sdutytoother.

capacity對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

discharge對應(yīng)

參考答案:

inbankruptcy,toissueanorderofthecourtthatalldebts(withcertainstatutoryexceptions)areforgivenandneednotbepaid.

revoke對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

void對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

intention對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

consent對應(yīng)

參考答案:

null

Acontractisavoluntaryarrangementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatis

(1)

atlawasa(2)

legalagreement.（1）為

參考答案:

Enforceable

Acontractisavoluntaryarrangementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatis

(1)

atlawasa

(2)

legalagreement.（2）為

參考答案:

Binding

Acontractariseswhenthepartiesagreethatthereisanagreement.Formationofacontractgenerallyrequiresan

(3),(4),(5),andamutualintenttobebound.Eachpartytoacontractmusthavecapacitytoentertheagreement.

（3）（4）（5）分別為

參考答案:

Offer;Acceptance;Consideration

Minors,intoxicatedpersons,andthoseunderamentalafflictionmayhaveinsufficient(6)toenteracontract.Sometypesofcontractsmayrequireformalities,suchasamemorializationinwriting.

參考答案:

Capacity

Vitiatingfactorsconstitutingdefencestopurportedcontractformation,forinstance,(7)

meansafalsestatementoffactmadebyonepartytoanotherpartyandhastheeffectofinducingthatpartyintothecontract.

參考答案:

Misrepresentation

A(8)

isanincorrectunderstandingbyoneormorepartiestoacontractandmaybeusedasgroundstoinvalidatetheagreement.

參考答案:

Mistake

(9)

hasbeendefinedasa"threatofharmmadetocompelapersontodosomethingagainsthisorherwillorjudgment;esp.,awrongfulthreatmadebyonepersontocompelamanifestationofseemingassentbyanotherpersontoatransactionwithoutrealvolition.

參考答案:

Duress

第六章測試

grant對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Topermitasarightorprivilege

Patent對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Therighttoexcludeothersfrommaking,using,orsellinganinventionorproductsmadebyaninventedprocessthatisgrantedtoaninventorandhisorherheirsorassignsforatermofyears

Statute對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Alawenactedbythelegislativebranchofagovernment

Moralright對應(yīng)

參考答案:

rightsofcreatorsofcopyrightedworksgenerallyrecognizedincivillawjurisdictionsand,toalesserextent,insomecommonlawjurisdictions.

Monopoly對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Exclusivecontrolofaparticularmarketthatismarkedbythepowertocontrolpricesandexcludecompetitionandthatesp.isdevelopedwillfullyratherthanastheresultofsuperiorproductsorskill

Trademark對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Amarkthatisusedbyamanufacturerormerchanttoidentifytheoriginorownershipofgoodsandtodistinguishthemfromothersandtheuseofwhichisprotectedbylaw.

Infringe對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Toencroachuponinawaythatviolateslawortherightsofanother

Compulsory對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Requiredorcompelledbylaw:mandatory,obligatory

enforce對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Tocausetotakeeffectortobefulfilled

distribution

參考答案:

Theactorprocessofdistributing

Injunction對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Anequitableremedyintheformofacourtordercompellingapartytodoorrefrainfromdoingaspecifiedact

Passoff對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Tomakepublicorofferforsale(goodsorservices)withintenttodeceive

Intellectualproperty(IP)referstocreationsoftheintellectforwhicha(1)

isassignedtodesignatedownersbylaw.

參考答案:

Monopoly

Intellectualpropertyrights(IPRs)aretheprotections(2)tothecreatorsofIP,andincludetrademarks,copyright,patents,industrialdesignrights,andinsomejurisdictionstradesecrets.Artisticworksincludingmusicandliterature,aswellasdiscoveries,inventions,words,phrases,symbols,anddesignscanallbeprotectedasintellectualproperty.

參考答案:

granted

A(3)

isaformofrightgrantedbythegovernmenttoaninventor,

參考答案:

patent

givingtheownertherightto(4)

othersfrommaking,using,selling,offeringtosell,andimportinganinventionforalimitedperiodoftime,inexchangeforthepublicdisclosureoftheinvention.

參考答案:

exclude

Aninventionisasolutiontoaspecifictechnologicalproblem,whichmaybeaproductoraprocessandgenerallyhastofulfilthreemainrequirements:ithastobenew,notobviousandthereneedstobean(5).

參考答案:

industrialapplicability

A(6)givesthecreatorofan(7)

workexclusiverightstoit,usuallyforalimitedtime.Copyrightmayapplytoawiderangeofcreative,intellectual,orartisticforms,or"works".

Copyrightdoesnotcoverideasandinformationthemselves,onlytheformormannerinwhichtheyareexpressed.（6）為

參考答案:

copyright

A

(6)

givesthecreatorofan

(7)

workexclusiverightstoit,usuallyforalimitedtime.Copyrightmayapplytoawiderangeofcreative,intellectual,orartisticforms,or"works".

Copyrightdoesnotcoverideasandinformationthemselves,onlytheformormannerinwhichtheyareexpressed.（7）為

參考答案:

original

A(8)

isa

(9)

sign,designorexpressionwhich(10)

productsorservicesofaparticulartraderfromthesimilarproductsorservicesofothertraders.（8）為

參考答案:

trademark

A

(8)

isa

(9)

sign,designorexpressionwhich

(10)

productsorservicesofaparticulartraderfromthesimilarproductsorservicesofothertraders.（9）為

參考答案:

recognizable

A(8)

isa

(9)

sign,designorexpressionwhich(10)

productsorservicesofaparticulartraderfromthesimilarproductsorservicesofothertraders.（10）為

參考答案:

distinguishes

Thestatedobjectiveofmostintellectualpropertylawisto"Promoteprogress."Byexchanginglimitedexclusiverightsfor(11)

ofinventionsandcreativeworks,societyandthepatentee/copyrightownermutuallybenefit,andanincentiveiscreatedforinventorsandauthorstocreateanddisclosetheirwork.

參考答案:

disclosure

(12)

ofintellectualpropertyrights,

參考答案:

Violation

called"(13)"

withrespecttopatents,copyright,andtrademarks,and"misappropriation"withrespecttotradesecrets,

參考答案:

infringement

maybeabreachofcivillawor(14),dependingonthetypeofintellectualpropertyinvolved,jurisdiction,andthenatureoftheaction.

參考答案:

criminallaw

第七章測試

Appropriation:對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Doctrinethatstatesthatwaterbelongstothepersonwhofirstmakesbeneficialuseofit.

AdversePossession:對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Methodofacquiringownershiptorealpropertybypossessionforastatutorytimeperiod.

Conveyance:對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Transferoftitleorownershiptorealpropertyfromonepersontoanotherbydeed.

Devise:對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Conveyanceofrealpropertybymeansofalastwillandtestament.

FeeSimpleAbsolute:對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Estateofrealpropertywithinfinitedurationandnorestrictionsonuse.

mortgage對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Aconveyanceoftitletopropertythatisgiventosecureanobligationandthatisdefeateduponpaymentorperformanceaccordingtostipulatedterms

equitable對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Havingorexhibitingequity:dealingfairlyandequally

chattel對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Anitemoftangibleorintangiblepersonalproperty

Propertylawistheareaoflawthatgovernsthevariousformsof(1)

and(2)

inrealproperty(landasdistinctfrompersonalormovablepossessions)andinpersonalproperty,withinthecommonlawlegalsystem.Inthecivillawsystem,thereisadivisionbetween(3)

andimmovableproperty.Movablepropertyroughly(4)

topersonalproperty,whileimmovablepropertycorrespondstorealestateorrealproperty,andtheassociatedrightsandobligationsthereon.（1）為

參考答案:

ownership

Propertylawistheareaoflawthatgovernsthevariousformsof

(1)

and

(2)

inrealproperty(landasdistinctfrompersonalormovablepossessions)andinpersonalproperty,withinthecommonlawlegalsystem.Inthecivillawsystem,thereisadivisionbetween

(3)

andimmovableproperty.Movablepropertyroughly

(4)

topersonalproperty,whileimmovablepropertycorrespondstorealestateorrealproperty,andtheassociatedrightsandobligationsthereon.（2）為

參考答案:

tenancy

Propertylawistheareaoflawthatgovernsthevariousformsof

(1)

and

(2)

inrealproperty(landasdistinctfrompersonalormovablepossessions)andinpersonalproperty,withinthecommonlawlegalsystem.Inthecivillawsystem,thereisadivisionbetween

(3)

andimmovableproperty.Movablepropertyroughly

(4)

topersonalproperty,whileimmovablepropertycorrespondstorealestateorrealproperty,andtheassociatedrightsandobligationsthereon.（3）為

參考答案:

movable

Propertylawistheareaoflawthatgovernsthevariousformsof(1)

and(2)

inrealproperty(landasdistinctfrompersonalormovablepossessions)andinpersonalproperty,withinthecommonlawlegalsystem.Inthecivillawsystem,thereisadivisionbetween(3)

andimmovableproperty.Movablepropertyroughly(4)

topersonalproperty,whileimmovablepropertycorrespondstorealestateorrealproperty,andtheassociatedrightsandobligationsthereon.

參考答案:

corresponds

第八章測試

forum對應(yīng)

參考答案:

Judicialbodyorassembly

Renvoi

參考答案:

Actofsendingback,reference

Characterisation對應(yīng)

參考答案:

classificationandasqualification

Publicpolicy對應(yīng)

參考答案:

theprincipledguidetoactiont