英語構(gòu)詞法歸納總結(jié)

英語構(gòu)詞法英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法：轉(zhuǎn)化、派生和合成，下面簡明介紹一下這三種構(gòu)詞法。轉(zhuǎn)化構(gòu)詞法：有大量動詞能夠轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，有時意思沒有太大改變：Letmehaveatry.我來試一試。Westoppedthereforaswim.Hewentoffataruntoconsultadoctor.Thisisforwinterwear.Don’tmakeittootight.Ilikeaquietreadaftersupper。Thiswasagreatsurprise（strike，shock）tomybrother.Havealook（chat，talk，wash，swim，rest，try，quarrel，smoke，lie，read，run，dream，fight，walk，ride，drink，laugh，dance，bathe，wish，win，fear，love，debate，dispute，interview，taste，etc）Makeastudy（guess，visit，call，survey，jump，slip，change，search，stay，smart，answer，reply，remark，fight，arrest，appeal，purchase，sacrifice，demand，show，deal，attempt，attack，advance，etc）Cometoastop（end，pause）有時意思有一定改變：Hewasaboutthesamebuildashisbrother.他體形和他哥哥差不多。Lastyear`scatchwasfourtimesthatof1986.去年打魚量為1986年四倍。Thiswasadecisivemove.這是一個決定性步驟。Theycanbeusedasastockfeed.它們能夠作為牲畜飼料。Womenhaveaequalsayineverything.婦女在各方面都有一樣講話權(quán)。Hewontwogames；theothertwoweredraws.他贏了兩局，另外兩局打平了。也有相當(dāng)多名詞能夠當(dāng)動詞用。許多表示物件名詞能夠用做動詞來表示動作。Haveyoubookedyourticket？Whochairedthemeeting？Hepinnedgreathopesonus.Itcanseatathousandpeople.Wehavemappedoutplansfortheirutilization.ItpicturesthelifeofoverseasChinesestudents.Hehurriedlypenciledthetimeonit.Bynoonhehadbaggedthreehares.Themachinebottles15000jarsofcoldcreamaday.Themoneywasallpocketedbycorruptofficials.Hehammeredanailintothewall.有些表示身體部位名詞也能夠用來做動詞。Handinyouexercise-books，please.We’llbackyouup.Weshoulddaretofaceanydifficultyanddanger.Whoheadedthedelegation.（當(dāng)團(tuán)長）。We’llheadedforYunnantomorrow.Weshouldshouldertheseresponsibilities.（擔(dān)負(fù)）Shefingeredthesilkgently.（撫摩）Soontheseedingsshotupandbegantoear.（抽穗）I’mneverinterestedinnosingoutthedetailsofsomeoneelse’sprivatelife.（探聽）Theyeyedhimwithsuspicion.（注視）一些表示一類人名詞也可用做動詞：Ifso，weshallbebadlyfooled.（上當(dāng)）Heinsistedonstayinguptonursethechild.（護(hù)理）Wewerehostedbymembersoftheembassy.（款待）Ouraimistosavethepatientandnottodoctorhimtodeath.（醫(yī)治）Theequipmentwasmannedbythreeworkerspershift.（操作）HehassoldieredinFranceinhisyouth.（當(dāng)兵）Thearmywasofficeredbybravemen.（擔(dān)任軍官）Hefatheredmanyinventions.（有過）一些表示其余實(shí)物名詞也可用做動詞：Eachapartmentcanhouseafamilyofsix.（居住）Ihopewecanroomtogether.（?。㏕hishelpedtobridgeoverourdifficulties.（度過）Theyfloweredwellbutborelittlefruit.（開花）Heflooredtheroom.（裝地板）Hemanuredthesoilbeforesowing.（施底肥）Anaeroplanewasusedtodustinsecticide.（噴灑）Wedecidedtodamtheriver.（筑河壩）Heisbusyoilingthebicycle.（上油）Hewolfeddownthreegreatbowlsofrice.（狼吞虎咽）Thepilliscoatedwithsugar.（包有糖衣）Executives，workersandtechniciansteamup.（組織在一起）另外，還有一些抽象名詞等也能夠用做動詞：Wheredoswallowswinter？（過冬）WesummeredbyLakeGeneva.（度夏）Forsixdaysandnightstheybattledtosavehislife.（苦戰(zhàn)）Throughmychildhood，Ihadhungeredforeducation.（期望）Thissoangeredusthatwebeathimup.（使生氣）Theattackmustbeproperlytimed.（選擇時間）Theactuallaborforcenumbered1.（計數(shù)有）Theybreakfasted（lunched）attheguesthouse.（吃早飯）Over1000studentsstormedintotheSenatebuilding.（沖進(jìn)）有不少形容詞也能夠用做動詞：Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.（減慢二分之一）Thisisthechiefwayofnarrowingthedifferencesbetweenthem.（縮?。㏄leasewarmupthedishoverthestove.（熱一下）Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.（平靜下來）Theyperiodicallythinnedoutleaves.（打掉）Wrongsmustberightedwhentheyarediscovered.（糾正）Nothingdriessoonerthanatear.（干）。Shellywasunabletocalmher.Theresultshumbledhim.（失體面）Don’tidleawayyourtime.（白白混掉）Theybravedthebittercoldtocompletetherailway.（不顧）MostoftheseriversemptyintothePacificOcean.（流入）Headjustedthelatheandreadiedthecuttingtool.（準(zhǔn)備好）Shebusiedherselfwithhouseholdwork.Don’tdirtyyourclothes.Theyfinallyfreedthemselvesfromslavery.Onlythuscanwebetterthelifeofthepeople.Hefelthimselfwronged.（受了委屈）Hishairisbeginningtogrey.Thenewspaperhadbeenyellowedbysunlight.Heloweredhisvoice.另外有個別其余詞類詞可用做動詞：Thishelpedtofurthertheirunity.（促進(jìn)adv---v）Truthwillout.（大白adv---v）3000workerstheredownedtools.（放下工具罷工adv---v）Pleaseforwardthelettertomynewaddress.（轉(zhuǎn)寄adv---v）Shewilloffanddoherownthings.（走掉adv---v）Isecondthemotion.（同意num---v）有不少形容詞可用做名詞：Noblesconstitutedsevenpercentofthepopulation.（貴族）Hedidn’twanttodisturbthequietneededbythepatients.（平靜環(huán)境）He’sadear.WhenisyourFrenchoral？（口語課）Theirjoblesstotal（總數(shù)）reachedarecordhigh（高峰）since1940.Thereisonlyoneblackinmyclass.Sheisinvestigatingtheancients’conceptionoftheuniverse.（古人）Heisanaturalforthejob.（天生適合……人）Itisnecessarytomakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.Theyarerunninginthefinal.Oursix-year-oldisatschool.Inshort，forshort，ingeneral，forfree，inred，inpublic，incommon，inparticular等.另外，還有個別其余轉(zhuǎn)化情況：Thisisarepeatperformanceoftheiroldpolicy.（故伎重演）Theyheldafancydressball.（化裝）Webegantomarchnorth.Hisargumentscontainstoomanyifsandbuts.Thisbookisamustforstudentsofelectronics.（必讀書）Haveyouconsideredthewhyandhowoftheplan？Haveyouhadamedicalyet？（檢驗身體）有一些詞能夠詞形不變用作另一詞類，不過重音發(fā)生改變.Digestexportimportincreasepermitpresentprogressproducerecordrefusesuspecttransportperfectcontentdeserttransport等另外有些詞經(jīng)過改變詞尾清濁音來改變詞類，有拼寫無改變，有拼寫發(fā)生改變：use---useexcuse---excusehouse---housemouth---mouthpractice---practiseadvice—advisebelief—believegrief---grievehalf---halvesrelief—relievethief-----theft---thievereceipt—receiveweight—weighhalf—halvecomplaint—complain還有一些詞轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞時元音或拼法也發(fā)生了改變：bath---bathebreath---breatheblood---bleedfood—feedgold—gildproof---provespeech—speaktale—tellsale—selllose---lossfill—fullchoose---choice派生構(gòu)詞法：派生構(gòu)詞法主要是有詞根加后綴組成。組成名詞后綴慣用有下面這些：-er加在動詞后表示人：adviserannouncerthinkeradmirerbakerbarberfounderlearnerplayerbabysittereye-openerspeakeremployertrainerpeace-loverdeer-hunterwood-cutterlandownermoneylenderonlookerminerpasser-bysupporterbread-winnerlabourerdesignerschool-leaverlawyermanager(經(jīng)理)passenger(旅客)beggar加在動詞后表示工具或物品：air-conditionercan-openercookerharvestereraserdrawerdusterrecordertelephone-receivertimercounterpain-killerbestsellercontainerbest-sellerheater(加熱器)posterrollerreminder加在名詞形容詞后表示人：villagerbankerfarmerLondonerNewZealanderownerstrangerforeignersouthernerteenagerphotographeroutsiderislandermillergardener,messenger-oractorsailortransistorsemi-conductorinventorgovernoroperatoreditorvisitorelevatorcalculatorprofessordirectorcollectorcompetitorinspectornavigator-arbeggar,liar,scholar,burglar-istMarxistartistpianistsocialistcommunistcapitalistdentistscientisttouristtypistspecialist教授novelisttourist-eeemployeetraineetrustee（理事）addressee（收件人）referee（裁判）intervieweeappointee（被任命人）-eerpioneerengineerprofiteer（投機(jī)商）mountaineervolunteer-esshostessactresswaitresslionesstigressprincessgoddessempressheiressmistresspoetesspriestessshepherdessfairness-ianmagicianmusiciantechnicianphysicianpoliticianlibrariancomedian,pedestrian-iercashiersoldierfinancierpremier-aryrevolutionary,secretary-eseChineseJapanesePortuguesePekinese-antdependantinhabitantcontestantattendant（服務(wù)員）servant,immigrant,inhabitant,assistant,descendant-entagent,president,resident,student,correspondent-mansportsmanseamanfiremansalesmanspokesmanstatesmanfishermancountrymanpostman-ismsocialismMarxismracismheroismoptimism-nessillnesssicknesshappinessgreatnesscoldnesskindnessgoodnessdarknesssadnessbitternesscarelessnessloneliness-（a）tiondictationpreparationoperationliberationexceptionrepetitionpronunciationdescriptionexplanationsuggestionattentionintentionintroductiondirectionseparationmodernizationconsiderationinvitationcollectionprotectioncompetitionrecognitiontranslationrealizationimaginationreductionadditionpollutionexhibitionconnectionconstructiondeterminationinterruptioncongratulationsatisfactionrelaxationreflectionreceptionexceptionsituation(形勢，情況)temptation-iondiscussionrevisiondecisionexpansionpersuasioncomparisonpermissionexpressionpossessionexplosionadmissionimpression-mentdevelopmentdisagreementagreementjudgmentmovementargumentgovernmentdisappointmentastonishmentamazementemploymentpunishmentimprovementencouragementmanagementenjoymentexcitementsettlementtreatmentannouncementrequirementrefreshmentstatementbasemententertainmentassignment-ingbuildingsmokingreadingswimmingfeelingpaintingweddingfreezingsleep-pillsclose-plantingdeep-ploughingEnglish-speakingsight-seeingfarminggardeningprintingearningssavingsweddingsurroundingfittingsgreetingbodybuildingagingblessingthanksgiving-shipleadershipfriendshipscholarshiphardshipcitizenshipmembershipwarshipseamanshipownershipcompanionshiprelationshipworship-hoodchildhoodboyhoodfalsehood（謬誤）likelihood（可能性）motherhood（母性，為母之道）brotherhood-agemarriagecarriageshortageleakage（泄露）baggageadvantagepassagestoragepercentagepackage包裝advantage-urefailurepressurepleasureseizure（抓，沒收）mixturemoisturesignaturearchitecturecreaturedepartureliterature-domfreedomkingdomofficialdom（官僚作風(fēng)）wisdom-tysafetycruelty（殘酷）loyalty（忠誠）penalty（處罰）varietyquality(質(zhì)量)certaintypovertyanxiety-ityactivityrealityhumidity（濕度，潮濕）possibilityelectricitynationalitymajorityminoritydisabilityequalitysecuritynecessity-y（ry）difficultyslaverydiscoveryinquiry（質(zhì)詢，調(diào)查）modestyhonestyjewelrybribery（賄賂，行賄）rivalry（競爭，敵對）scenerybraveryrecoveryentrytreatyrobberymysteryluxurybraverymachineryscenerypoetrybakerygrocerycemeterybrewery-thtruthwarmthhealthlengthstrengthwidthdepthgrowthdeathbreadthwidth-alarrivalrefusaldenial（否定，拒絕）approval（認(rèn)可，贊成）burialtrialindustrial-ance（ence）acceptanceallowanceassistancereliancedifferencedependenceconfidencereferenceperformanceappearanceoccurrenceexistenceobedienceentranceremembranceintelligence(智力)experience經(jīng)驗appliance(用具器具)insurancenuisance-fulmouthfulhandfulplatefulbusfulspadefulbowlfulbasketful-ettecigarettekitchenette-letbooklet（小冊子）leaflet（傳單）piglet（小豬）starlet（小星星，小明星）-cesilencedifferenceimportanceconveniencedistancepatience-icejustice正義,service服務(wù)組成形容詞慣用后綴：-fulcheerfulusefulgratefulfaithfulwonderfulbeautifulcarefulhelpfulfearfulpainfulpurposelythoughtfulhopefulplentifulpitifulcolourfulregretfulawful-lesscarelesshomelessfearlesshelplesshomelessstarlessmotherlessuselesspricelessvaluelessharmlessshamelessmeaninglessthoughtlesspowerlesswindlessspeechlesswirelessnamelessendlesslawlesscloudlesscolourlesshopelessfruitlesscheerlessdoubtlessformlesspennilessflightlessaimlessodorlessregardlessrestlessshapeless-ishfoolishchildish(幼稚)selfishSwedishfeverish（狂熱）EnglishScottishSpanishbookish(好讀書)mannishbrownishreddishyellowish-iveactivecollectivedecisivedestructiveinstructiveprogressiveattractiveeffectivecreativeexpensiveinteractive(互動)sensitivepassiveconservativeprogressive-ouscourageous（勇敢）dangerousfamouscontinuousgenerous（慷慨）religiouszealous（熱心）poisonousspacious（廣大，大規(guī)模）prosperous（繁榮）infamous（聲名狼藉）variousmountainouscuriousprosperouszealousenviousspaciouscautioustremendousgloriousnumerousjealous-ableacceptableagreeablecomfortableunforgettablewashablevaluablereparablereasonablereliablesuitableremarkablebelievablenumerablepassablepracticableexcusableeatableevitablemoveableestimablenotablelaughabledependableescapableconsiderabledoubtablenoticeableinevitableprofitabledurable(耐久)comparableportable-iblesensibleresponsiblepermissiblevisibleterriblehorribleinflexibleflexiblecomprehensibleaudibleadmissibleincredibleindigestible-icrealisticpoeticenergeticdomesticdramaticfantasticlinguisticeconomic（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)）classicelectrichistoric(歷史上有名)technologicmetallicacademicarcticathleticpolitic（明智狡詐）-icalclassicaleconomical（節(jié)儉）historical（歷史上）technological（專門）ironicalphysicalmedicalchemicalpolitical（政治）logicalmusicaltopical-alcriticalhistorical(歷史)logical(邏輯上)accidentalcontinualexceptionalnationalseasonalgrammaticalspiritualagriculturalindustrialpersonalmineralcentralprofessionalnavalemotionalsexualvirtualuniversalmanualmutual-yfunnyrainynoisysnowydirtydustythirstyhungryoilytasty（美味）bonysmellyworthywealthyfaultyhealthyweightydreamy（含糊）foggycosygreedyicyworthyspicy（有香味）-lyfriendlylovelylivelydailyweeklylonelycomradelybrotherlyorderlytimely（及時）costly（寶貴）cowardly（害怕）gentlemanly（紳士派頭）neighbourlyworldly（世間）slightlylikelydeadlyhomely（難看隨和）-entdependentdifferentobedientconsistent（一致）-aryimaginaryrevolutionarysecondary(次要，第二)honorarytemporaryelementary-sometroublesomeburdensome(沉重)lonesometiresomequarrelsomehandsome-likechildlikewomanlikewarlike（好戰(zhàn)）manlike-engoldenwoodenearthenwoolensilkenleaden-edworriedfrightenedterrifiedlandedmoneyedculturedtalentedpleasedfloodedsalteddisappointedinterestedlimitedadvancedgiftedcolouredraggedunderlined底下劃線giftedbeardedtalented-inginterestingfrighteningboringtiringleadingfreezinginvitingpromisingencouragingsurprisingshockingmissingamusingcharmingpressingwilling-atefortunateaffectionate（親愛,摯愛）passionate（充滿熱情）considerate-anEuropeanIndianAmericanCanadianAustralianAfricanAsianKorean-arsimilarfamiliarpolarpopular-iorinferiorsuperiorjunior-orysatisfactorycontradictorypreparatory(準(zhǔn)備初步)-proof:fireproofbombproofwaterproofairproofbulletproof-wardawkwardbackwarddownwardonwardeastwardhomewardseaward組成動詞數(shù)詞副詞后綴：-izenormalizemodernizenationalizemechanize（機(jī)械化）industrializecollectivize（集體化）Americanizecommercialize（使商業(yè)化）privatizemagnetize（磁化）realizeorganizehospitalize（就醫(yī)）apologizememorizepopularize-atefortunatecongratulatefascinatenominate-enwidenhastenstrengthenlengthenloosenbrightenfastenbroadenblackendeepenreddenthickenshortenstraightentightenweakenworsenhardensharpenripenfattensharpen-ifysimplifybeautifyamplifyidentifyjustifyqualifysimplifysatisfy-ishfurnishpunishpublish-lyreallyhappilysimplyterriblywonderfullyproperlyfortunatelyactuallyaccordingly(所以從而)secondlyprobablythicklyshadilysecretlysimilarlynaturallywildlyrepeatedlyparticularlyespeciallypartlymostlymainlydeeplyhighlyshortlylatelymerelysimplynervouslywillingly-wardsonwardforwardsupwardsdownwardseastwardshomewardstowardsafterwardsbackwards-wiseclockwiselikewise（一樣）otherwiseanti-clockwiselength-wise(縱長，縱向長)-waysalwayssideways常見表示否定意思前綴：un-unhappyuntrueuneasyunrestuncomfortableunusuallyunfairunfortunateunknownunfinishedunansweredunexpectedlyundressunlockuncoverunpackuntieunfoldunloaddis-dishonestydisclaim（否定）disagreedisconnectdisableddisrespectfuldisinteresteddisadvantageddisapprovingdisorderdiscomfortdisown（不認(rèn)可）disinfectdislikediscoverdisarmdisclosedisbelievedisobeydisregarddisappointdisprovedisappeardiscouragedisobeydisadvantagein-informalinconvenientindirectincorrectincompleteinadvisableinaudibleincomparableincomprehensibleinexactinsincereinvisibleinjusticeinsensitiveinjusticeinexactinbeinginbornincidentincludeincomeindoorinfectinfluenceinjectinsertinquireinspectintakeim-immoralimpoliteimpossibleimportantimmodestimproperimpreciseimpassableimplyimportimprisonir-irregularirresponsibleirresistible（不可抵抗,不能壓制）il-illegalillogicalillegitimate（違法，庶子）illiteratenon-nonstopnonsmokernon-conductornon-existentnonmembernon-naturalnonpartynon-whitenon-violencenon-paymentnon-confidencenonhumannon-unionnon-nuclearnon-sexualnonsense表示其余意思前綴re-retellrewriterebuildredesignrecoverreturnrenewrepublicrearrangeremarryreuserecyclereuniteremindremainrevisitmis-misunderstandmisspellmistakemispronouncemisusemisfortunemisleadmistrustmisrememberco-co-operateco-existco-editorcoworkercodevelopcounter-counteractcounter-attackcounter-revolutionaryanti-anti-tankanti-fascistanti-clockwiseanticlockwiseantiaircraftanti-feudalantibodypro-pro-Frenchpro-Britishpro-CommonMarketover-overdooverworkover-estimateoversimplifyovertime（超時加班）overexciteoverambitious（野心太大）over-proudoverweightoverpopulationoverageoverheadoverpoweroversightoverheadovercrowdoverproduceovertakeoverturnoverflowoverthrowoverhearex-ex-husbandex-presidentex-servicemanexchangeexportpre-pre-liberationpre-schoolpre-readingprecaution(預(yù)防,警覺)post-post-graduatepost-warpost-electionfore-foreheadforelegforetellforecastsemi-semi-finalsemi-automaticsemi-circlesemiskilledsemidesertsemi-conductorsemi-colonialsemi-feudalself-self-conceitself-confidenceself-dependenceself-defenceself-helpself-praiseself-studyself-supportself-serviceself-esteemself-governingself-guidedself-restraintmal-maltreatmalfunction（故障）malnutrition（營養(yǎng)失調(diào)）mid-mid-autumnmid-termmidnightmid-daymid-life（n.中年）super-supermansupermarketsuperstructure（上部結(jié)構(gòu),上層建筑）supernaturalsub-subwaysubconscious（下意識）subdivide（細(xì)分，再分）inter-internationalinternetinteractinter-continentalinterviewinterruptinternaltele-telescopetelephonetelevisiontelegraphtrans-transporttransatlantictransplantmicro-microphonemicrofilmmicrobiologymicrocomputermini-miniskirtminibusminicabvice-vice-premiervice-chairmanvicepresidentbi-bicyclebimonthlybilingualtri-tricycletrianglemulti-multi-racialmulti-nationalauto-autonomousautobiographyautomobileen-enlargeenrichenpowerenrageencourageendangerenableencounterencloseentitlebe-belittle（輕視，使渺?。゜efriend（待人如友，幫助）behead（砍頭）besmear（弄臟）a-asleepawakeaboardasideashorealivealikealoneawayarisearouse（激勵喚起）abide（忍受，恪守）out-outlookoutlawoutletoutcomeoutrunoutliveoutshineoutputoutbreakoutburstoutfitoutlookoutnumber（超出數(shù)目）out-talk（壓過他人聲音）；）with-withdraw（收回,撤消vi.縮回,退出v.撤退）withhold（保留抑制）under-underestimateundervalueunderchargeunderpayunderfedundersizedunderbellyundercurrentunderclothesunderpantsunderseaunderwaterunder-feedunder-estimateunderpayunderdeveloped（發(fā)育不全）undergraduateundertakeundergo合成構(gòu)詞法：合成形容詞形容詞+名詞+ed(或過去分詞)noble-mindedcold-bloodedwarm-heartedgood-temperedabsent-mindedlong-lastinglongleggedlonglivednear-sightedsingle-handedone-eyedthree-leggedblue-eyedfair-hairedsimple-mindedill-formednoble-mindedleft-handedright-handedhalf-finishedmiddle-ageddeep-setready-madeill-treated形容詞+當(dāng)代分詞good-lookingfine-soundingordinary-lookingeasy-goinglow-lyingfun-lovingslow-actingquick-acting副詞+當(dāng)代分詞hardworkingfar-reachingoutgoingfast-moving名詞+當(dāng)代分詞peace-lovingpaper-makingEnglish-speakingepoch-makingsightseeingmass-producingtrack-layingbreathtakingoil-bearinglaw-makingepoch-makingworld-shakingnorth-facingfar-reachingfar-seeing名詞+過去分詞state-ownedheartfeltair-droppedChinese-designedradio-equippedmachine-cultivatedwater-cooledhand-mademan-madeglass-topped（玻璃罩）snow-coveredhorse-drawnsun-burntclear-cut副詞+過去分詞well-knownwidespreadnewly-builthighly-developedwidely-usedwrongly-pronouncedcuriously-shapedpoorly-dressedwell-skilledhighly-praisednewly-discoveredupset形容詞+名詞large-scalehigh-classhigh-fathalf-wayold-stylewide-awakeabove-mentioned名詞+形容詞duty-freeair-sickgrain-shortworldwidenationwidesmoke-freetax-freesalt-freeice-freeworld-famousred-blindsnow-whitehomesick其余形式over-allever-victoriousall-roundeverydayfirst-rateunderwaterundergroundout-and-outface-to-facedown-to-earthopen-airquick-servicelong-termout-of-the-waywell-off（手頭寬裕）wait-and-see（policy）nothing-can-be-done（attitude）back-to-frontkeep-fithigh-risepart-timefull-time（schools）half-openhalf-cookworthwhilelong-termopen-airextraordinaryfarawayever-greenever-lovingever-victoriousever-increasinghigh-qualitythree-legged（tables）five-year（plans）two-faced（pe