2022年廣東省東莞市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)

2022年廣東省東莞市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Manycitiesoffer______thatcansaveyoumoneyandensureyoursafety.

2.

Upuntilnow,scientistsstillcouldnotexplainhowleaveswillchangecolorsduringthefall.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Stranglersaresocalledbecausethey______byblockingthesunlightandcompetingforthenutrients.

4.DrugUseandAddiction

DrugUseandAbuse

Althoughdrugabusecanhaveharmfulresults,peoplecanuseitformorethanoneofthereasons,andmayalsouseseveraldrugsfordifferentreasons.Distinguishingthe"how?"and"why?"ofaperson'sdruguseisrarelyaneasytask,butmostpeopleuseadrugbecausetheyenjoytheeffects.Thismayseemlikeasimplisticorinsensitivestatement,butit'safactthat'seasilyforgottenbythepeoplearoundthedruguser,whoareconcernedandtryingtounderstandwhythey'reusingdrugs.

Worriedparentsoftenaskforwarningsingsofdruguse,butthesimpleansweristhatit'sveryhardtospot.Manyuserswhohavecontactwithmentalhealthservicesmanagetoconcealtheirusefromtheprofessionals,soit'sobviouslydifficulttoidentify.

Parentsusuallyknowtheirchildrenbetterthananyoneelse,andmaintaininganopenatmosphereinwhichcommunicationiskeptupisoftenthebestwaytofindoutwhat'sgoingon.Thisisnotalwayseasywithteenagers,astheymightviewthemethodsparentsusetofindoutiftheirchildrenareusingdrugsasintrusiveandcontrolling.Andangryconfrontationswithteenagersmightpushthemfurtherintoacycleofannoyanceandrefusaltocommunicate.

Theuseofchemicalstoalterthewaywefeelandseethingsinoneoftheoldestactivitiesofthehumanrace.Butaperson'suseofadrugsuchastobacco,alcohol,cannabisorheroincanbecomeuncontrolled,orstarttocontrolthem.Evenwhentheuseofthesedrugsleadstoseriousphysicalandmentalproblems,thepersonmaystillnotwanttostopusingthem.But,iftheydodecidetogiveup,theymayfindit%harderthantheythought.

WhatAretheSymptoms?

Therearealotofconfusingdifferentwordsusedtodescribedruguseandaddictionproblems.Noteveryexpertwillagreewiththedefinitionshere,butbeingconsistentwiththetermsusedhelpstoreducetheconfusionandanxietyeveryonefeelswhenfacedwiththisproblem.

Eachdrughasdifferentpatternsof:

?use;

?poison;

?overdose;

?hangover(殘留).

Foreachdifferentdrug,the"substanceabuse"cancoverdifferentlevelsofuse,including:

?experimentingwithuse;

?usinglargeamountswithoutappearingpoisoned;

?usinglargeamountstogetpoisoned.

PsychologicalAddiction

Themedia'spictureofapersongivingupdrugsusuallyfocusesontheimmediateeffectsofwithdrawingfromheroin.It'simportanttorememberthatthere'softenmoretoanaddictionthanthephysicalwithdrawalsymptoms.Infact,forsomedrugssuchascannabisorheroin,there'sadebateaboutwhetherthereareactuallyanyphysicalsymptomsofwithdrawal.

Peoplewhouseheroinregularlyoveralongperiodmayfindthattherearecertainsituationswheretheycometorelyonthedrug.Iftheystopusingthedrug,theymayfeelverydisabled.Thisisasituationthatcandevelopforalmostanysubstancethateffectsthemind,andthisaspectofaddictioncanbehardertoovercomethanthephysicalsymptoms.

Mentalsymptomscaninclude:

?anxiety;

?depression;

?sleepandrest;

?controllingmood;

?relearningdifferentcopingskills.

Thepatternofthesesymptomswilldependonthedrugused,thepsychologicalmake-upofthepersonandthecircumstancesunderwhichtheyareattemptingtoremaindrug-free.

Thetermcravingisoftenusedwhentalkingaboutpsychologicaladdiction.

Ifapersonisexperiencinganyofthesymptomslistedaboveandtheyknowthatbyusingthedrugalltheseproblemwillgoaway,it'snots

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Inthetension-releasemethodofrelaxation,oneshouldtenseallhisorhermusclestogetherafter______.

6.AccordingtoEkmanwhostudiesmicro-facialexpressionsofliars,awrinklednoseprobablyshowsone's______.

7.

AccordingtoAnnieStevens,manynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobbecausetheycannotgetalongwiththeircoworkers.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

MitaliDayalthinksthelastgeneration'sbeliefonhowtogetlove______.

9.

Thedisadvantageoftoday'ssocialnetworksisthattotheoutsideweb,theyarenot______.

10.TheNextDisaster:AreWeReady?

AreWeReallyPrepared?

AftertheattacksonSeptember11andthehurricanesthatslammedtheGulfCoastlastyear,you'dexpectourmajorcitiestobereadywithdisasterplansthatwillsavelivesandproperty.There'snodoubtwe'llbehitagain——maybeevenharder——becausethelistofpossiblecalamities(災(zāi)難)islong:fromabirdflupandemictoamassiveCaliforniaearthquake,tomoremonsterstorms,toanotherterroristattack.

Butarewereallypreparedtoprotectpeople,aswellastheirhomesandbusinesses?Everymajorurbanareahasreceivedfederalfunding,muchofitfromtheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS),inordertomaketheircitiesmoresecure.Buttherearenosetcriteriaformeasuringpreparedness(thefedsareworkingonthat),andthequalityofdisasterplansvarieswidelythroughoutthecountry.

Sowedecidedtodoanindependentassessmentof10high-riskurbanareas,focusingonkeysecurityindicators.Weanalyzedpublicdata,consultedwithfederalandlocalemergencyworkers,andcontactedthemayors'officestogauge(測量)thereadinessofthesecitiestomeetbothnaturalandmen-madedisasters.

Ourcriteriafellunderthreemaincategories:EmergencyReadiness,CrisisCommunications,andMedicalResponse.

EmergencyReadiness

Arethereatleast1,000firstresponders(suchaspolice,fireandEMTs)per100,000residents?They'reourfirstlineofprotectioninalmostanydisastersituation--professionalswhoaretrainedtohandleeverythingfromrescuingvictimstoprovidingfirstaid,toenforcingquarantines(封鎖),todirectingtrafficforevacuations(疏散).

Aretherefederalsearch-and-rescueteamsbasedwithin50miles?Largecitiesoftenhavespecializedteamstodealwithsuchthingsashigh-rise-buildingrescuesorhazardouschemicalspills.Butthesesquadsaresometimessmall,ill-equipped,orrunonashoestring.Thisisnottrueoffederalurbansearch-end-rescuetaskforcesthattheDHSsupportsacrossthecountry.Eachtaskforceismadeof62membersand4canines,aswellasa"comprehensivecache"ofequipment.DHStaskforcesarenotautomaticallyassigned;acityneedstoapplyandpresentitscase.

Hasthecityorstateearned"greenstatus"fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention?Supposethatinthemidstofaflupandemicorbioterrorattack,yourcityranlowoncriticalmedicines.TheCDCstandsreadytohelpbydistributingdrugsandmedicalequipmentfromitsStrategicNationalStockpile.Buttheagencywantstoknowthatacityorstateisabletoquicklymobilizehundredsofhealthworkersandvolunteerstrainedtohandlethelogistics,andhasspacesetasideforstorageandrefrigeration.You'rebestoffifyourcityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus"--evenifthestateitselfhasnot--becauseitmeanslocalhealthteamscanhandlethesuppliesontheirown.

Doesthecitywebsiteexplainclearlywhattodoincaseofevacuation?WhocanforgettheimagesofstrandedNewOrleansresidents,orthe5-mphcrawloutofHouston?ItturnedoutthatNewOrleans'sevacuationplanswerebothinadequateandpoorlycommunicated.Onewaycitiescanavoidasimilarnightmareistoputclearandeasy-to-findevacuationinformationontheirwebsites.Somecities,suchasBostonandWashington,postthepreferredstreetroutes.Others,likeLasVegas,won'tdisclosedetailsduetosecurityfears,buttheirwebsitesmayprovidewaystoquicklygetevacuationdetailswhenyouneedthem(suchasnumberstocalloralertservicesyoucansignupfor).Amongthemoreimportantthingstoaddressarepeoplewithoutvehiclesoftheirown(ahugefailinginNewOrleans)andinstructionsforpetowners.

Doesthewebsiteincludedetailsforresidentswithspecialneeds?InJuly1995,aviciousheatwavekillednearly

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Throughreadingthisarticle,wecanconcludethattheauthorisa(n)______person.

12.

China'sentryintoWTOwillspeedupChina'smovingtowardsa______economy.

13.WhycouldAdamSmithbethelasteconomistasthefaceonabanknote?

A.Noeconomicthinkercouldbemorehonorable.

B.Cashisveryversatileandenduring.

C.Wewillnotneedmoneyinthenearfuture.

D.Electronicmoneywillreplacecashinthefuture.

14.

Thetypeoftechnologyprotectionsystem,whichmeanstheGMcropsthatfailstoproducefertileseeds,iscalled______.

15.SomepeoplethoughtthatNASAactedouttheApolloprograminmoviestudiospartiallybecausethepicturestransmittedfromthemoondonotinclude______.

16.

Alltheon-linebusinessmenarehonest.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Theauthorbelievesthatmanydiscoveriesinscience,engineeringandtheartsmixideasfrom______.

18.

Geneticprivacyisasrealaconcernas______forthedignityandintegrityoftheindividual.

19.

Theprovidersofweb-maillikeGoogle,MicrosoftandYahoo!,havereapedhugeprofitsbyplacingadvertisements.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Technologiesarenotvalue-neutralbutare______phenomena.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Peopleoftenmissmealsbecausetheygetbusyoraretryingtoloseweight.Buthowyouskipmeals,andtheamountyoueatatyournextmeal,canaffectyouroverallhealth.

Inrecentmonths,(26)twonewstudiesmayhelpexplainhowskippingmealsaffectshealth.

Themorerecentstudylookedatwhathappenswhenpeopleskipmealsbutendupeatingjustasmuchastheywouldinanormaldaywhentheyfinallydositdowntoameal.Thestudy,conductedbydiabetesresearchers,involvedhealthy,normal-weightmenandwomenintheir40s.(27)Fortwomonths,thestudysubjectsatethreemealsaday.Foranothereight-weekperiod,theyskippedtwomealsbutatethesamenumberofcaloriesinoneeveningmeal,consumedbetween4p.m.and8p.m.

Theresearchersfoundthatskippingmealsduringthedayandeatingonelargemealintheeveningresultedinpotentiallyriskymetabolicchanges.Ifthemealskipperspersistedlongterm,itcouldleadtodiabetes.

Thestudywasnotablebecauseitfollowedanotherstudyearlierthisyearthatfoundthatskippingmealseveryotherdaycouldactuallyimproveapatient'shealth.Inthatstudy,overweightadultsatenormalmealsoneday.Thiswasfollowedbyadayofseverelyrestrictedeating,whentheyateabout400or500caloriesaday--theequivalentofaboutonemeal.

Afterfollowingthespecialdietingpatternfortwomonths,(28)thedieterslostanaverageof8percentoftheirbodyweight,andtheyhadlowercholesterol.

Theconclusion,saytheauthorsofthemorerecentmeal-skippingstudy,isthatskippingmealsaspartofacontrolledeatingplanthatresultsinlowercalorieintakecanresultinbetterhealth.However,skippingmealsduringthedayandthenovereatingattheeveningmealresultsinharmfulchangesinthebody.

(27)

A.Tosupportskippingmealsbygivingscientificproofs.

B.Toexplainhowskippingmealsworsenspeople'shealth.

C.Toexplainhowskippingmealshelpsimprovehealth.

D.Toexplainhowskippingmealsaffectspeople'shealth.

22.

【B4】

23.

【B11】

24.

【B9】

25.(32)

A.Afloodwallwasbuilt.

B.Rescueteamswereformed.

C.Analarmsystemwassetup.

D.50undergroundstationsweremadewaterproof.

26.(46)

27.聽力原文：W:It'sSara'sbirthdaytoday.We'replanningonhavingdinneraround6:30andthenseeingamovieat7:30.Andwe'rethrowingherasmallbirthdaypartyafterthemovie.Comeandjoinus.

M:Sure.Bestfriendsalwayssticktogether.

Q:Whatcanwelearnaccordingtotheconversation?

(19)

A.It'stheman'sbirthdaytoday.

B.Theywillhavedinneraround6.

C.Theywillhaveapartyfortheman.

D.Theywillgotomoviesafterdinner.

28.聽力原文：TodayI'mgoingtodiscusstransportationandcommunicationintheearly19thcenturyintheUnitedStates.Atthattime,inlandwaterwaysprovidedNorthAmerica'smostpopularform.oflongdistancetransportation.Travelbyriverwasoftenmoreconvenientthantakingawagonoverprimitivecountryroads,especiallywhenshippingheavyloadsoffarmproductsorhouseholdgoods.Wherethenaturalwater-wayswereinadequate,shallowcanalswerebuilt.TheErieCanal,openedin1825,connectedtheGreatLakeswiththeupperHudsonRiver.ItallowedsettlersintheGreatLakesregiontosendtheircropseastwardtoNewYorkCityatthemouthoftheHudsonatamuchlowercost.Fromthere,cropscouldbeshippedtootherAtlanticports.TheconstructionoftheErieCanalalsoencouragedWestwardmigrationalonginlandwaterwaysandhelpedpopulatethefrontier.TheCityofDetroitgrewupbetweentwooftheGreatLakes.LateracanaljoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeMississippiriversystemandChicagobecameathrivingcity.Politicallythewaterwaysystemunitedthenationinawayfewhadimaginedpossible.Bythemid-1800'sfasterandcheaperrailroadsbecamemorepopularandthecanalsystemdeclined.Railroadscouldbeusedyearroundwhereascanalswereoftenfrozeninthewinter.Duringthefirstthirdofthecentury,however,transportationonrivers,lakesandcanalsaidedgreatlyinthegrowthoftheUnitedStates.Nextweekwe'lldiscusstherailroadsingreaterdetail.

(33)

A.Theroleofinlandwaterwaysinthenation'sgrowth.

B.ThedevelopmentofNewYorkCityasaseaport.

C.Thegrowthoftherailroads.

D.Thedisappearanceofthecanalsystem.

29.(21)

A.Theworkplace.

B.Theenvironment.

C.Hiswifeandchildren.

D.Theincome.

30.(16)

A.Thelibraryiswithinwalkingdistance.

B.Thestreetsarenotingoodcondition.

C.Themanshouldgetacarinstead.

D.Themanshouldexercisemore.

31.(33)

A.Avisittoaprison.

B.Theinfluenceofhisfather.

C.Atalkwithsomemiserableslaves.

D.HisexperienceinthewarbetweenFranceandAustria.

32.(22)

A.Foraneasygrade.

B.Tofollowhisfather.

C.Tochangehisspecialty.

D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Therearemanyargumentsforandagainsttheinterviewasaselectionprocedure.Themainargumentagainstitisthatitresultsinawholly【B1】______decision.Asoftenasnot,employersdonotchoosethebestcandidate,theychoosethecandidatewhomakesagoodfirstimpressiononthem.Someemployers,ofcourse,【B2】______tothisargumentbysayingthattheyhavebecomeso【B3】______ininterviewingstaffthattheyareabletomakeasound【B4】______ofeachcandidate'slikelyperformance.

Themainargumentinfavoroftheinterviewisthatanemployerisconcernednotonlywithacandidate'sability,butwiththe【B5】______ofhisorherpersonalityfortheparticularworksituation.Manyemployers,forexample,willoverlookoccasional【B6】______fromtheirsecretaryprovidedshehasapleasantpersonality.

Itisperhapstruetosay,therefore,thattherealpurposeofaninterviewisnottoassesstheassessable【B7】______ofeachcandidatebuttomakeaguessatthemore【B8】______things,suchaspersonality,characterandsocialability.Unfortunately,【B9】______,therearemanypeopleofgreatabilitywhosimplydonotinterviewwell.【B10】______.Theyareeitherveryshyorover-confident.Theyshow【B11】______.Theyareeitherover-politeorrudelyabrupt.

【B1】

34.(17)

A.Thebossisoftenlateforwork.

B.Thebosswillprobablydisciplinethewoman.

C.Thebossmaydisregardthewoman'slateness.

D.Thebossdidn'tknowthewomanwaslateagain.

35.聽力原文：W:HaveToddandLisaTaylorstartedafamilyyet?They'vebeenmarriedfortwoyearsnow.

M:Toddindicatedtomethatthey'dpostponehavingchildrenuntilhegetshislawdegree.

Q:HowdoestheTaylorfeelaboutchildren?

(19)

A.Theyhavetwochildrenalready.

B.Mrs.Taylorwishestohavechildren,butherhusbanddoesn't.

C.Theywillstartfamilyassoonasthey.getmarried.

D.Theydon'twantchildrenforthetimebeing.

36.聽力原文：In1858,aBritishscientistnamedWilliamFarrsetouttostudythe"maritalcondition"ofthepeopleofFrance.Hedividedtheadultsintothreecategories:the"married",consistingofhusbandsandwives;the"unmarried",definedasthebachelorsandspinsterswhohadnevermarried;andfinallythe"widowed",thosewhohadexperiencedthedeathofaspouse.(29)Usingbirth,deathandmarriagerecords,Farranalyzedthedeathratesofthethreegroupsatvariousages.Thework,agroundbreakingstudythathelpedestablishthefieldofmedicalstatistics,showedthatmuchmoreunmarriedpeoplediedfromdiseasethanthemarried.Andthewidowed,Farrfound,livedworstofall.

Farrwasamongthefirstscholarssuggestingthatthereisahealthadvantagetomarriage.Marriedpeople,thedataseemedtoshow,livedlonger,healthierlives."Marriageisahealthyestate,"Farrconcluded."Thesingleindividualismorelikelytobewreckedonhisvoyagethanthelivesjoinedtogetherinmarriage."

(30)WhileFarr'sownstudyisnolongerrelevanttothesocialrealitiesoftoday'sworldbecausehisthreecategoriesdon'tincludecoupleslivingtogether,gaycouplesandthedivorced,forinstance,hisfindingaboutthehealthbenefitsofmarriageseemstohavestoodthetestoftime.(31)Althoughbetterhealthamongthemarriedsometimessimplyreflectsthefactthathealthypeoplearemorelikelytogetmarriedinthefirstplace,scientistshavecontinuedtoprovethe"marriageadvantage":thefactthatmarriedpeople,onaverage,appeartobehealthierandlivelongerthanunmarriedpeople.

(30)

A.Thebirthrates.

B.Thedeathrates.

C.Thedivorcerates.

D.Thewidowrates.

37.(36)

A.Professionalknowledgeisadecisivefactorinajobinterview.

B.Findingajobismoredifficultthanonecanimagine.

C.Self-confidenceismoreimportantforajobseeker.

D.Ajobseekershouldcreateagoodimageduringaninterview.

38.聽力原文：M:Ican'tconcentrateonthisfinalreportanylonger.MaybeIshouldtakeanapbeforewecontinue.

W:Youknowtheysaythephysicalactivitymakesyoumorealert.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(19)

A.Donotconcentrateonthereport.

B.Havesomephysicalactivity.

C.Takeanapbeforegoingonthereport.

D.Bemorealertatthereport.

39.(25)

A.Eachtenantisgivenaparkingspace.

B.It'sdifficulttofindaparkingplace.

C.Thetenanthastopaytopark.

D.Thetenantcanuseanyspaceintheparkingarea.

40.

【B6】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Theword"satiated"(Line1,Para.3)canbestbereplacedby"______".

A.expressedB.satisfiedC.enhancedD.aroused

42.

Wecaninferfromthetextthattheappearanceof"immortal"lifeis______.

A.afadinghope

B.farfromcertain

C.justanillusion

D.onlyamatteroftime

43.Fromthereporttheresearcherpublished,wecanknowthat______.

A.charterschoolsareboomingtheseyears

B.charterschoolsdeliberatelyadmitthebeststudents

C.thestudentsenteringlotterieshavenodifferenceinintelligence

D.teachingmethodsplayanimportantroleintrainingstudents

44.

Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorusedanexampletoshowthat______.

A.anyrealestateagentshouldusedigitalstillcamera

B.digitalstillcamerashouldbeusedtogetherwithInternetWeb

C.digitalageisgainingmomentum

D.housedealingcanbemadeeasier

45.Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestantslivedinAmerica.AlthoughtheChurchofEnglandwasanestablishedchurchinseveralcolonies,Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.Alreadytheyhadbeguntoinfluenceeachother.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a"revival"movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion,cutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.

AtthesametimetheworksofJohnLockewerebecomingknowninAmerica.JohnLockereasonedthattherighttogoverncomesfromanagreementor"socialcontract"voluntarilyenteredintobyfreepeople.ThePuritanexperienceinformingcongregationsmadethisideaseemnaturaltomanyAmericans.Takingitoutoftherealmofsocialtheory,theymadeitarealityandformedanation.

ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans'mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.

ManytraditionalProtestantsanddeistscouldagree,however,that,astheDeclarationofIndependencestates,"allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablefights,"andthat"thelawsofNatureandNature'sGod"entitledthemtoform.anewnation.Amongtherightsthatthenewnationguaranteed,asapoliticalnecessityinareligiouslydiversesociety,wasfreedomofreligion.

TheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadethenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orexercise,ofreligion.TheUnitedStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligion.Inthisway,thosemenwhoformulatedtheprincipaltenetsofthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsystemhopedtoinsurethatdiversityofreligiousbeliefwouldneverbecomethesourceofsocialorpoliticalinjusticeordisaffection.

TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Butdiditmeanthatgovernmentwouldbereligiouslyneutral,treatingallreligionsalike?

Insomeways,thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxesintheUnitedStates.PresidentsandotherpoliticalleadersoftencallonGodtoblesstheAmericannationandpeople.Thosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofightcanperform.otherservicesinsteadofbecomingsoldiers.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministerssalariesorrequireanybelief—notevenabeliefinGod—asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.

Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposesittreatsallreligionsalike—atleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.

WhatistheGreatAwakening?

A.TocutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroupsordenomination.

B.Arevivalmovementofseekingtobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion.

C.Tolivesidebysideinrelativeharmony.

D.Tospreadreligiousideatoothercountries.

46."I'venevermetahumanworthcloning,"sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity."It'sastupidendeavor."That'saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissythisspring--orperhapsnotforanother5years.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman'sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodemscience.

Westhusin'sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog'seggs,theA&Mteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryos(胚胎)carryingMissy'sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogate(代孕的)mother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetuses(胎)maybeacceptablewhenyou'redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans."Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,"hesays.

Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin'sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses."Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisfight,"saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy'smysteriousbillionaireowner;he'sputup＄3.7millionsofartofundA&M'sresearch.

Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy'sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsupersmart.Missy'smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavebettemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy'sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare"bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy."

Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevs.nurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.

However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems."Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,"Westhusinasks,"whenwe'renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?"

By"stupidendeavor"(Line2,Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat______.

A.humancloningisafoolishundertaking

B.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpractical

C.humancloningshouldbedonesel