2015年考研英語二真題及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture，theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearableEveryonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones，evenwithouta1undergroundIt’sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinctingwithotherhumanbeings—becausethr’s2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit，3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4：“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourOneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoachWefearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“creep,”Wefearwe’IIbe7Wefearwe’IIbedisruptiveStrangersareinherently8tous，sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintancesToavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.“Phones eoursecurityblanket，“Wortmannsays.”Theyareourglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup，itdoesn’t12sobad.Inone2011experiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasinglereportedhavingbeen18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.[A] [B] [C]signall[D][A]nothing[B] [D][A]beaten[B] [D][A]message[B] [C]notice[D][A] [B] [C] [D] [C] [D][A] [B] [C]re [D][A]unreasonable[B] [C] [D][A]comfortable[B] [C] [D][A] [B]point[C]take[D][A]dangerous[B] [C] [D][A] [B]resis[C]bend[D][A]lecture[B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]reveal[B] [C] [D][A] [B]flight[C]walk[D][A]went [B]did [C]caught [D]put[A]Inturn[B]In [C]In [D]In[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D][A] [B] [C] [D]參考答案：1C2D3C45C6A7B8D9B11.A12.A13.B14.D15.C16.D17.A18.C19.B20SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAAnewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scorlol.Whichisitatstressmarker.Whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamaske,Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.“itismennotwomen.Whoreportbeingbappicrathomethanatwork,”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.ThisiswhypcoplcwhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterWhatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestillngworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareyingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedatButit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobeng:working,makingmoney,ngthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawan e.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawslife-sustainingOnthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksinfinite,theco-workersaremuchharderto[A]wasanunrealisticceforrelaxation[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkce[C]wasanidealceforstressmeasurement[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkceAccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?[A]WorkingmothersChildlesswives23Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthay[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives[B]theirhomeisalsoaceforkickingback[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheirofficeTheword“moola”(Line4，Para4)mostprobablymeansThehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkceinthat[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating[D]familylaborisoftenadequayrewardedForyears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas toreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaper inginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity．Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yearTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents”struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learnthe‘rulesofthegame，’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywriteAndthisesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethemcanimproveRecruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas[A]reducedtheirdropoutratesmisseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudentsTheauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause[A]theproblemissolvable[qtherecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudentsThestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[qareinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapcanhaveapotentialinfluenceonothermaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat——[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion參考答案：26.C27.A28.C29.D30.DEvenintraditionaloffices，“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago，"saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals，therewerestrategies，therewereobjectives，butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy；wedidn’ttalkaboutKoehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented-andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica，it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitlyconscious；it’stheideathatI’macoach，andyou’remyteam，andwe’reinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies，butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin".Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and，asKhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtopassion，andpurpose，”saidKhuranaThisnewfocusonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThe“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan'thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn，whosetitlehas bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’IIbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbedButthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：Everyonemakesfunofit，butmanagersloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkcethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouareAccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehas [A]moreemotional[C]lessenergetic[D]lessenergetic[E]lessstrategic“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto [B]genderdifference[C]sportscultureKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto[A]revivehistoricalterms ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployeesManagersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit參考答案：31.A32.C33.D34.A35.CManypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporledforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemploymenttaketo6Jpercent.atgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargelyovedookcd.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000（4,4percent）aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexiningtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsTherewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeoplelus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes.”theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyelassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheylthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?[A].Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.[B].Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.[C].Thepossibilityoffullemployment.[D].TheaccelerationofjobManypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey[A].preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs[B].feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet[C].cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs[D].haven'tseentheweaknessoftheInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS[A].ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago[B].showsageneraltendencyofdecline[C].satisfiestherealneedofthejobless[D].islowerthanbeforetherecessionItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare, [A].itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance[B].employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance[C].itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers[D].full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsuranceThetextmainlydiscusses [A].employmentintheUS[D].Obamacare’s 37.C38.B39.BInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)PaveyourownuniqueMostofyourfearsareThinkaboutthepresentExperiencehelpsyouTherearemanythingstobegratefulUefortunay,lifeisnotabedofroses,Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,arontanticrelatlonshlpofahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventallymoveastowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheFearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunay,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.Myfavoriteactorwillsmithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompleyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.Ifyouare???by .Sometimesitiscasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcominingabout.Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople,Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives.Trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandcncouragement.Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygainingobjectivityfromexternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourofownlife.Whenyouarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfandbesurethatyourdecisionisthebest.Youliveinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices. 42.E43.G44.ASectionⅢTranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishinto.WriteyourtranslationonANSWER2.(15Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan’trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter.SectionⅣWritingPartASupposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticebrieflyintroducethecampactivities,callforYoushouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuse