藥理學知到章節(jié)答案智慧樹2023年南開大學

藥理學知到章節(jié)測試答案智慧樹2023年最新南開大學第一章測試

WhichofthefollowingdrugsisaninducerofCYP1A2(

)

參考答案:

Tobacco

Theprocessofrenalexcretionofdrugsdoesnotincludewhichofthefollowingoptions(

)

參考答案:

Hepatoentericcirculation

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse(

)

參考答案:

ThetimerequiredtoreachhalfofCmaxbyoraladministrationisdifferentfromthetimerequiredforhalfofCmaxintravenously

Themainfactorsaffectingdrugabsorptionare(

)

參考答案:

Administrationroute;pHvalue;Thefirstpasseffect

;Bloodflow

Thebioavailabilityofthedrugrefersto（

）

參考答案:

Thefractionorpercentageofadrugthatreachessystemiccirculation

第二章測試

Whichofthefollowingoptionsiswrongabouttheantagonist(

)

參考答案:

Acompetitiveantagonistbindstothedifferentsiteastheendogenoussignalingmolecule,blockingitsbindingsiteatthereceptor

Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong（

）

參考答案:

TheratioofED50toLD50istermedthetherapeuticindexanddiffersforeachdrug

Thetherapeuticindexrefersto（

）

參考答案:

LD50/ED50

Ifadrugbindstoareceptorandproducessomebiologicresponsesthatmimicstheresponsetotheendogenousligand,thedrugbelongsto(

)

參考答案:

Agonist

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereceptoriscorrect?

參考答案:

Receptorreferstoaproteinthatbindstoaligandandproducesameasurableresponse

第三章測試

Whichofthefollowingoptionsbelongstoselectiveβ1blockers(

)

參考答案:

Labetalol

Whichofthefollowingoptionsarelong-actingreceptoragonists?

參考答案:

Salmeterol;Formoterol

Whichofthefollowingisananticholinesterasedrug（

）

參考答案:

Neostigmine

Cholinergicreceptorsinclude（

）

參考答案:

Nicotinicreceptors;Muscarinicreceptors

NicotinicreceptorsareGproteincoupledreceptors,andtheiractivationwillincreasepermeabilityofsodiumorcalciuminpostganglionicneuronsorskeletalmuscles,hencetheyarealwaysexcitatory.Istheabovestatementcorrect.

參考答案:

錯

第四章測試

Whichofthefollowingantiarrhythmicdrugsiscardiotoxic(

)

參考答案:

Digoxin

WhichofthefollowingdrugscanbeusedforQTmonitoringofhospitalizedpatients（

)

參考答案:

Sotalol;Dofetilide

AsthmaandCOPDarenotcontraindicationsforwhichofthefollowingdrugs(

)

參考答案:

Metoprolol

Thesideeffectsofquinidinedonotincludewhichofthefollowingoptions(

)

參考答案:

Constipation

Accordingtotheirmainmechanismofaction,antiarrhythmicdrugsincludewhichofthefollowingcategories(

)

參考答案:

Blockerscalciumchannelblockers;Potassiumchannel;Sodiumchannelblockers;β-blockers

第五章測試

A40-year-oldmalehasrecentlybeendiagnosedwithhypertensionduetopressurereadingsof163/102and165/100mmHg.Healsohasdiabetesthatiswellcontrolledwithoralhypoglycemicmedications.Whichisthebestinitialtreatmentregimenfortreatmentofhypertensioninthispatient?

參考答案:

Lisinoprilandhydrochlorothiazide

A48-year-oldhypertensivepatienthasbeensuccessfullytreatedwithathiazidediureticforthelast5years.Overthelast3months,hisdiastolicpressurehassteadilyincreased,andhewasstartedonanadditionalantihypertensiveagent.Hecomplainsofseveralinstancesofbeingunabletoachieveanerectionandnotbeingabletocompletethreesetsoftennisasheoncedid.Whichisthelikelysecondantihypertensivemedication?

參考答案:

Metoprolol

Whichcanprecipitateahypertensivecrisisfollowingabruptcessationoftherapy?

參考答案:

Clonidine

Whichmaycausereflextachycardiaand/orposturalhypotensiononinitialadministration?

參考答案:

Prazosin

A45-year-oldmanwasjuststartedontherapyforhypertensionanddevelopedapersistent,drycough.Whichismostlikelyresponsibleforthissideeffect?

參考答案:

Enalapril

第六章測試

BCisa70-year-oldfemalewhoisdiagnosedwithHFrEF.Herpastmedicalhistoryissignificantforhypertensionandatrialfibrillation.Sheistakinghydrochlorothiazide,lisinopril,metoprololtartrate,andwarfarin.BCsayssheisfeeling“good”andhasnocough,shortnessofbreath,oredema.Whichisthemostappropriatemedicationchangetomake

參考答案:

Changemetoprololtartratetometoprololsuccinate

Howdoβ-blockersimprovecardiacfunctioninHF?

參考答案:

Bydecreasingcardiacremodeling

WhatmakeslosartandifferentfromotherARBs?

參考答案:

Losartanhasanactivemetabolit

WhichbestdescribestheactionofACEinhibitorsonthefailingheart?

參考答案:

ACEinhibitorsreducepreload

WhichdrugmayexacerbateHF?

參考答案:

Ibuprofen

第七章測試

Whichsideeffectisassociatedwithamlodipine?

參考答案:

Edema

A62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofasthmaandvasospasticanginastatesthathegetschestpainbothwithexertionandatrest,abouttentimesperweek.Onesublingualnitroglycerintabletalwaysrelieveshissymptoms,butthismedicationgiveshimanawfulheadacheeverytimehetakesit.Whichisthebestoptionforimprovinghisangina

參考答案:

Addamlodipine

A72-year-oldmalepresentstotheprimarycarecliniccomplainingofchesttightnessandpressurethatisincreasinginseverityandfrequency.Hiscurrentmedicationsincludeatenolol,lisinopril,andnitroglycerin.Whichinterventionismostappropriateatthistime?

參考答案:

Referthepatienttothenearestemergencyroomforevaluatio

Allofthefollowingmedicationscanbeusefulformanagingstableanginainapatientwithcoronaryarterydiseaseexcept:

參考答案:

Immediate-releasenifedipine

Whatistheclinicaltermforanginacausedbycoronaryvasospasm?

參考答案:

Prinzmetalangina

第八章測試

Whichsideeffectisassociatedwithamlodipine

參考答案:

Edem

A62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofasthmaandvasospasticanginastatesthathegetschestpainbothwithexertionandatrest,abouttentimesperweek.Onesublingualnitroglycerintabletalwaysrelieveshissymptoms,butthismedicationgiveshimanawfulheadacheeverytimehetakesit.Whichisthebestoptionforimprovinghisangina?

參考答案:

Addamlodipine

A72-year-oldmalepresentstotheprimarycarecliniccomplainingofchesttightnessandpressurethatisincreasinginseverityandfrequency.Hiscurrentmedicationsincludeatenolol,lisinopril,andnitroglycerin.Whichinterventionismostappropriateatthistime?

參考答案:

Referthepatienttothenearestemergencyroomforevaluation

Allofthefollowingmedicationscanbeusefulformanagingstableanginainapatientwithcoronaryarterydiseaseexcept:

參考答案:

Immediate-releasenifedipine

Whatistheclinicaltermforanginacausedbycoronaryvasospasm？

參考答案:

Prinzmetalangina

第九章測試

Whichofthefollowingoptionsdoesnotbelongtotheclinicalapplicationofglucocorticoids

參考答案:

Forthetherapytofuberculosis

Whichofthefollowingoptionsarecontraindicationstoglucocorticoids(

)

參考答案:

Glaucoma;Osteoporosis;Diabetes;Pepticulcer

Glucocorticoidscanbeadministeredorally,systemicallyorintra-articularly.Istheabovestatementcorrect

參考答案:

對

Whichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofglucocorticoids(

)

參考答案:

Hypoglycemia

Long-termuseofglucocorticoidscancause(

)

參考答案:

Lowbloodpotassium

第十章測試

Metforminiscontraindicatedinwhichofthefollowingpatients(

)

參考答案:

Renalinsufficiency

WhichofthefollowinghypoglycemicdrugscanNOTstimulatethepancreaticbetacellstosecreteinsulin(

)

參考答案:

Pioglitazone

Whichofthefollowinghypoglycemicdrugsisanα-glucosidaseinhibitor(

)

參考答案:

Miglitol;Acarbose

Whichofthefollowingoptionsisthemostseriousadversereactionofmetformin（

）

參考答案:

Lacticacidosis

Whichofthefollowingdrugscancauseweightlossinpatients(

)

參考答案:

Liraglutide;Exenatide

第十一章測試

Thefollowingdrugsthatcancauseleukopeniaare(

)

參考答案:

Carbimazole;Propylthiouraci;Methimazole

Propylthiouracil,carbimazoleandmethimazolecausesfetaltoxicities,likefetalgoiter,choanalatresia,scalpdefectsandaplasiacutis.Istheabovestatementcorrec

參考答案:

錯

Themechanismofactionofpropylthiouracilis(

)

參考答案:

Inhibitthebiosynthesisofthyroxin

Whichofthefollowingantithyroiddrugsisnotsuitableforchildren(

)

參考答案:

Propylthiouracil

Whichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofpropylthiouracil(

)

參考答案:

Fetaltoxicity

第十二章測試

Followingisthemaininhibitorytransmitterinthebrain(

)

參考答案:

GABA

WhichoneofthefollowingchemicalsdoessatisfythecriteriaforaneurotransmitterroleintheCNS?

參考答案:

Glycine;Acetylcholine;Dopamine;SubstanceP

FollowingisaG-proteincoupledreceptor(

)

參考答案:

Metabotropic

Neurotransmittersmay(

)

參考答案:

Increasechlorideconductancetocauseinhibition

Substancesecretedintothebloodbyaneuronis(

)

參考答案:

Neurohormone

第十三章測試

WhichagentisbestusedintheEmergencyRoomsettingforpatientswhoarebelievedtohavereceivedtoomuchofabenzodiazepinedrugortakenanoverdoseofbenzodiazepines?

參考答案:

Flumazenil

FollowingisGABAAagonist(

)

參考答案:

Muscimol

Themostlikelyexplanationfortheincreasedsensitivityofelderlypatientstoasingledoseoftriazolamandothersedative-hypnoticdrugsis(

)

參考答案:

Changesinbrainfunctionthataccompanytheagingprocess

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsiswrongregardingtheanxiolyticandhypnoticagents?

參考答案:

Buspironehasactionssimilartothoseofthebenzodiazepines.;Phenobarbitalisusefulinthetreatmentofacuteintermittentporphyria.;DiazepamandphenobarbitalinducethecytochromeP450enzymesystem.;Phenobarbitalshowsanalgesicproperties.

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingbenzodiazepines?

參考答案:

Allbenzodiazepineshavesomesedativeeffects.

第十四章測試

Followinggeneralanestheticisnotmetabolized(

)

參考答案:

Nitrousoxide

Fourstagesofgeneralanesthesiaaredistinctlyseenwiththeuseof(

)

參考答案:

Diethylether

Apatientwithheartfailureandsignificantlyreducedcardiacoutputrequiressurgicalanesthesia.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouexpecttoseeinthispatient?

參考答案:

SlowerinductiontimewithIVanesthetics

Whichoneofthefollowingisapotentintravenousanestheticbutaweakanalgesic?

參考答案:

Propofol

Whichofthefollowingisapotentanalgesicbutaweakanesthetic?

參考答案:

Nitrousoxid

第十五章測試

Aprominenttoxiceffectoflocalanaestheticsis(

)

參考答案:

CNSstimulation

A32-year-oldwomanrequestsanepiduraltoeaselaborpains.ShereportsthatshehadanallergicreactiontoNovocain(procaine)atthedentist’soffice.Whichofthefollowinglocalanestheticswouldbeappropriateforuseinanepiduralforthispatient?

參考答案:

Ropivacaine.

Toxicitiesoflocalanaestheticsinclude(

)

參考答案:

Methemoglobinemia;

Dizziness,sedation(lidocaine);Cardiovasculararrhythmiasandcollapse(bupivacaine)

;Convulsions(lidocaine)

Whichofthefollowingiswrongregardinglocalanesthetics?

參考答案:

Theyaffectonlysmall,unmyelinatednervefibers.;Intheirionizedform,theyinteractwiththeproteinreceptorofcalciumchannels.;TheyareunaffectedbypHofthetissueandpKaofthedrug.;Theyhaveeitheralipophilicorahydrophilicgroup.

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetoxicityoflocalanaestheticsismostcorrect?

參考答案:

Inoverdosage,hyperventilation(withoxygen)ishelpfultocorrectacidosisandlowerextracellularpotassium

第十六章測試

Whichofthefollowingdrugsismostusefulforthe

treatmentofabsenceseizures?（

）

參考答案:

Lamotrigine.

Whichofthefollowingisafirst-linemedicationfor

generalizedtonic–clonicseizures?（

）

參考答案:

Topiramate.

A9-year-oldboyissentforneurologicevaluation

becauseofepisodesofapparentinattention.Overthe

pastyear,thechildhasexperiencedepisodesduring

whichhedevelopsablanklookonhisfaceandhis

eyesblinkfor15seconds.Heimmediatelyresumeshis

previousactivity.Whichonethefollowingbestdescribes

thispatient’sseizures?（

）

參考答案:

Absence.

A25-year-oldwomanwithmyoclonicseizuresiswell

controlledonvalproate.Sheindicatesthatsheis

interestedinbecomingpregnantinthenextyear.With

respecttoherantiepilepsymedication,whichofthe

followingshouldbeconsidered?（

）

參考答案:

Considerswitchingtolamotrigine.

Apatientwithfocalcomplexpartialseizureshasbeentreatedfor6monthswithcarbamazepinebut,recently,

hasbeenexperiencingbreakthroughseizuresonamorefrequentbasis.Youareconsideringaddinga

seconddrugtotheantiseizureregimen.Whichofthe

followingdrugsisleastlikelytohaveapharmacokinetic

interactionwithcarbamazepine?（

）

參考答案:

Levetiracetam.

第十七章測試

Insmallintestine,morphineparticularlyaffects(

)

參考答案:

Duodenum

Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingmethadoneiswrong?

參考答案:

Methadoneisanexcellentchoiceforanalgesiainmostpatientssincetherearelimiteddrug–druginteractions.;Theactivemetabolitesofmethadoneaccumulateinpatientswithrenaldysfunction.;Theequianalgesicpotencyofmethadoneissimilartothatofmorphine.

WhichofthefollowingopioidsistheLEASTlipophilic?

參考答案:

Morphine.

Morphinestimulates(

)

參考答案:

Nonpropulsiverhythmiccontractionsofsmallintestineofman

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfentanyliscorrect?

參考答案:

Fentanylis100timesmorepotentthanmorphine.

第十八章測試

Analgesiceffectsofaspirin:

參考答案:

both

NSAIDprimarilypromotedasananalgesic,notasananti-inflammatoryagent:

參考答案:

Ketorolac

NSAIDprimarilypromotedasananalgesic,notasananti-inflammatoryagent:

參考答案:

ketorola

Mediatormostlikelytopromotepain(

)

參考答案:

bradykinin

Mechanismofaction:aspirin-plateleteffects:

參考答案:

neither

第十九章測試

Antihistamines,phenothiazines,tricyclicantidepressantsandantiparkinsonianagentshaveacommonpropertythat(

)

參考答案:

Allhaveadrenergicaction

Peripheraladverseeffectsoflevodopa,includingnausea,hypotension,andcardiacarrhythmias,canbediminishedbyincludingwhichofthefollowingdrugsinthetherapy?

參考答案:

Carbidopa.

WhichmedicationisaglutamatereceptorantagonistthatcanbeusedincombinationwithanacetylcholinesteraseinhibitortomanagethesymptomsofAlzheimer’sdisease?

參考答案:

Memantine.

Tolerancetotheantiparkinsonianactiondevelopsmostrapidlyinthecaseof(

)

參考答案:

Amantadine

Theantiparkinsoniandrugwhichactsbyinhibitingthedegradationofdopamineinthebrainis(

)

參考答案:

Selegiline

第二十章測試

Whichantipsychotichasthemostsedativepotentialandissometimesquestionablyusedasahypnoticagentincertainclinicalsettings?

參考答案:

Quetiapine.

WhichoneofthefollowingantipsychoticshasbeenshowntobeapartialagonistatthedopamineD2receptor?

參考答案:

Aripiprazole.

Whichantidepressanthas,asitstwoprinciplemechanismsofaction,5-HT2Areceptorantagonismandα2receptorantagonism?

參考答案:

Mirtazapine

Whichantidepressantisthemostsedating?

參考答案:

Nortriptyline.

Whichantidepressanthas,asitstwoproposedprinciplemechanismsofaction,5-HT1areceptorpartialagonismand5-HTreuptakeinhibition?

參考答案:

Vilazodone.

第二十一章測試

Recreationaluseofdrugssometimesleadstodependence.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytocausephysicaldependence?

參考答案:

Alcoholisteratogenic

Mentalretardation,microcephaly,andunderdevelopmentofthemidfaceregioninaninfantisassociatedwithchronicmaternalabuseof（

）

參考答案:

Ethanol

A35-year-oldmanhasbeenabusingcocaineandisagitated,tachycardic,hypertensive,andhyperthermic.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectregardingtreatmentinthissituation?

參考答案:

Benzodiazepineswouldbeagoodchoice,astheyshouldhelpcalmthepatientdown,decreaseheartrate,decreasebloodpressure,anddecreasebodytemperature.

A58-year-oldmaleisbroughtintotheemergencydepartmentfollowinganautomobileaccident.Hisbloodalcohollevelonadmissionis280mg/dL.Hehasbeentreatedinthepastforseizuresrelatedtoalcoholabuse,andheconfirmsthathehasbeendrinkingheavilyoverthepast