2019年高中英語(yǔ)Unit3LifeinthefutureSectionⅢGrammar過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)教案(含解析)新人教版

SectionⅢGrammar—過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法圖解研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1．①Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.②Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.③Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth’sgravity.2．①Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.BecauseIwashitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.②Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,andwasabsorbedbyitsefficiency.3．①Whenofferedhelp,oneoften②Theresearchissodesignedthat

says“Thankyou”oncebegunnothing

or“It’skindofyou.”canbedonetochangeit.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))和句子的主語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或稱為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。第一組句子中的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))分別在句子中作：①原由狀語(yǔ)；②條件狀語(yǔ)；③陪伴狀況或方式狀語(yǔ)。比較第二組句子可知，作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))能夠轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。從第三組句子可知，表示時(shí)間、條件、方式、比較或退步的狀語(yǔ)，可用“附屬連詞＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)造。可用于該構(gòu)造中的附屬連詞有：when,once,while,if,unless,asif,as,than,though,although等。一、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的種類過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，能夠表示時(shí)間、退步、條件、原由、方式和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，且與主句主語(yǔ)之間組成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1．作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?？稍谶^(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.當(dāng)被問(wèn)到對(duì)教課工作的看法時(shí)，菲利普說(shuō)他感覺(jué)它既風(fēng)趣又存心義。2．作原由狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于原由狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。Absorbedinpainting

,Johndidn

’tnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015·天津高考單項(xiàng)選擇)＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn

hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.’tnoticeeveningapproaching.因?yàn)閷Ｐ漠嫯?，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3．作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句?？杉舆B詞if,unlessUsedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

等變換成條件狀語(yǔ)從句。假如用得認(rèn)真的話，一罐能夠夠用六周。4．作退步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于退步狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)可加although,

though,evenif,

eventhough,whether...or等連詞變換成退步狀語(yǔ)從句。Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.只管被敵手擊敗，可是他從沒(méi)放棄希望。5．作方式、陪伴狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于and連結(jié)的并列句。Sheacceptedthegift,

deeplymoved.Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了禮品，深深地被感人了。[名師點(diǎn)津]值得注意的是，有些過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))因根源于系表構(gòu)造，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不重申被動(dòng)而重在描繪主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))常有的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(

躲)；lost/absorbedin(

沉迷于

)；dressedin(

衣著)；tiredof(

討厭)。Lostinthought

,hedidn

’thearthebell.因?yàn)閴櫲肷钏贾校麤](méi)有聽(tīng)到鈴聲。[即時(shí)操練1]用所給詞的適合形式填空①(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ改編)Developed(develop)bytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.(2015·重慶高考改編)Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.③(2014·湖南高考改編)Children,whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.⑤Translated(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundentirelydifferentwordorder.(2)句型變換

to

have

anWhenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the_town_looks_more_beautiful.Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the_children_began_to_cry.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Given_more_time,_we_could_do_it_much_better.④Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,andhewasfollowedbysomeworkers.The_president_of_the_company_came_to_the_factory,_followed_by_some_workers.二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的地點(diǎn)過(guò)去分詞作條件、原由實(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，往常放在句首；作陪伴、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，往常放在句末；作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作退步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill

,LiLeihurriedhomequickly.(

原由狀語(yǔ)

)得悉母親患病了，李雷快速趕回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,

supportedbyhisson

.(

方式狀語(yǔ)

)老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。三、過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立構(gòu)造作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)在分詞前加上自己的主語(yǔ)，這類帶有自己主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞被稱為過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立構(gòu)造。過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立構(gòu)造在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，往?？杀硎緯r(shí)間、原由、條件等。Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015·江蘇高考單項(xiàng)選擇)好多時(shí)間都坐在辦公桌旁，辦公室職員一般都遇到健康問(wèn)題的困擾。[即時(shí)操練2]用獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.→The_lecture_given,_alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmany

famous

cars,none_of_them_shipped_to_foreign_countries.Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_hefeltveryhappy.四、過(guò)去分詞與此刻分詞作狀語(yǔ)的差別過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；此刻分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。[助記](méi)分詞作狀語(yǔ)記憶口訣分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是問(wèn)題。前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)找出后，再來(lái)判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用-ing

，被動(dòng)用-ed。Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.(

動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

)因?yàn)橛昧撕荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書(shū)看上去陳腐。Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.(

主謂關(guān)系

)在使用這本書(shū)時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很實(shí)用。[名師點(diǎn)津

]

不論是此刻分詞仍是過(guò)去分詞，

其邏輯主語(yǔ)一定和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。

假如不一致，則一定用狀語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造等其余表達(dá)形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.([即時(shí)操練3]用所給詞的適合形式填空

×)

√)

√)①WhenI

waslittle,

mymother

usedto

sit

bymybed,

telling

(tell)

mestoriestillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJimmy?—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,absorbed(absorb)inhisvideogames.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ改編)Founded(found)inMoscowafter

the1905revolution,

thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.2．Designed(design)verycleverlytofitintocorners,theshelfdoesn’ttakeupmuchroom.3．Thenewtechnology,ifapplied(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.4．Considered(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.5．Given(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.6．Filled(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.7．Whenfirstintroduced(introduce)tothemarket,thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.8．Located(locate)inthecentraldistrict,thehoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.9．Surrounded(surround)byariver,theparkhadacentralpondwithflowersfloatinginit.10．Disappointed(disappoint)atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．Once_lost,_suchachancemightnevercomeagain.一旦失掉，這樣的時(shí)機(jī)可能永久不會(huì)再來(lái)了。2．Grown_in_rich_soil,_theseseedscangrowfast.假如種在肥饒的土壤里，這些種子就能長(zhǎng)得快。3．

Edited_by_three_language_experts,_the

dictionary

hasbeenpopular

withreaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.因?yàn)楸蝗徽Z(yǔ)言專家編寫，這本詞典自從兩年前上市以來(lái)就向來(lái)遇到讀者歡迎。4．Bathed_in_the_sunshine,_wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.洗浴在陽(yáng)光中，我們快樂(lè)得喝彩雀躍。5．Offered_an_important_role

inanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.因?yàn)樗私o他供給了一部新電影里的重要角色，安迪有時(shí)機(jī)有名了。6．Thereisclear

evidence

that

children

whotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemorycompared_with_thosewhohavenomusicaltraining.這里有顯然的憑證，與那些沒(méi)受過(guò)音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的孩子對(duì)比，上音樂(lè)課的孩子有更好的記憶力。7．Whenexposed_to_stress,_inwhateverform,allofusreactbothmentallyandphysically.當(dāng)裸露在壓力之下時(shí)，不論以什么形式，我們?nèi)康娜硕紩?huì)從精神和身體上作出反響。8．Devoted_to_his_science_research,_hehasenjoyedfameallovertheworld.因?yàn)楂I(xiàn)身于科學(xué)研究事業(yè)，他在全球頗負(fù)盛名。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Farmingwasoncethemainwayoflifeinnearlyeverycountry.Peoplecannotlive__1__food,andnearlyalltheirfoodcomesfromcropsandanimals__2__(raise)onfarms.Manyothermaterialsalsocomefromplantsandanimals.Nownotmanypeoplefarmforalivinga