過去完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)帶答案

....過去完成時(shí)(pastperfect)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)語+had+not+過去分詞.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語+過去分詞)？基本用法(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”?？梢杂胋y,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。例如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200飛船發(fā)來的圖片。(2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)Ihadbeenatthebusstopforminuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。(3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作例如：Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我對動(dòng)詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。(4)在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。d。Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。(5)過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。例如：Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，..............如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過去例如：AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。(7)動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們本來希望能來看看你。(8)過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。例如：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。before,when,after,by+,until,once,hadnosooner……than，yet，already等。過去完成時(shí)-語法判定1.由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：(1)by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1)賓語從句中.........當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完示"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞have(has)+過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對的時(shí)態(tài)，以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作比較時(shí)，才用到它。比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單詞?！狪'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了?！狾h,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。(“等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)二、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特比較：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.2.在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.....3.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在before，after，assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.1．Heaskedme____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What___Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I____thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.Hadcompleted.........14.Benhatesplaying_____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/15.Bythetimehewas4,he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left17.They_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinishedWe_(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).Theystudythemapofthecountrybeforetheyleave.4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______(arrive).I_______(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.lgooutwithJaneafterhemakeaphonecall7.Tom__________(say)he___________(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____________(fail)becausewe_____________(make)abadmistake.Whenthechairman_____(finish)speaking,he_____________(leave)thehall. house.vet.........ousbeforeshedancedhadbeenveryhungrytedtheprojectwhenIarrivedhegottotheairporttheplanehadtakenoff7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.(對劃線部分提問)dthenoteheateitdntgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.(對劃線部分11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.(對劃線部分提問).........Afterwe________________________,we_____________________________Beforehe_______________________,he______________________________.1.單項(xiàng)選擇adcaadbdcbdcddadccbb一.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.hadpainted...moved2.hadmade...died3.hadstudied…left4.hadrunaway..arrived5.hadturnedoff…went6.went…h(huán)admade7.said…h(huán)adread8failed…h(huán)admade9.(had)finished…left10.werehaving/hadhad…got11.arrived..hadleft12..hadlearn