外研版八年級英語下冊重要知識點(diǎn)歸納

PAGEPAGE10八年級下冊英語重要知識點(diǎn)歸納M1摸起來)看起來)smell(聞起來)、嘗)sound(聽起來),后接形容詞作表語，不能接副詞。構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句要借助助動詞。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesn’tsoundbenoisy.對名詞或名詞短語感嘆用whatWhatadelicioussmell!對名詞或名詞短語感嘆用what感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：+形容詞++（主語+謂語！Whataninterestingbookitis!+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語！對形容詞、副詞或動詞感嘆用howWhatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!對形容詞、副詞或動詞感嘆用how③How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether! 我多么懷念我們一起度過的日子！I’mafraid+句子:恐怕…… I’mafraidhehasnotimetoday.4.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作業(yè)做好了嗎？Dinnerisdone!晚飯做好了！5.haveatry 試一試；嘗一嘗6.haveasweettooth 喜好甜食thanksfor=thankyoufor+ -ing……而感謝你。Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.hearfrom…=get/receivea 收到……的來信can’twaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事 Ican’twaittoseeyou.人+spend+時=Ittakes+人+時間+todosth. 某人花費(fèi)少時間做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.too也（置于句末，前加逗號） also也(置于居中be或情態(tài)動詞之a(chǎn)swell也（置于句末，前不加逗號）beproudof…以……為豪 Myparentsareproudofme.Howdoyoufeelabout+ 名詞/動詞-ing？=Whatdoyouthinkof+ 名詞/動詞-ing？你覺得……怎么樣？Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatd HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=Whatd oyouthinkofcomingtoChina? beafraidof+名詞/動詞-ing：害怕….Iamafaidof beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtod osth. 害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosl eepaloneatnight.Whatdoessb.looklike某人長得怎么樣（問外表）答：short/tall/young/pretty…Whatissblike? 某人性格怎么樣？（問性格或品質(zhì)）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind..-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherl ooklike?-Heistallwithpairofglasses.-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike? -Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要語法：現(xiàn)在完成時（一：描述過去已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或還沒有做過某在造成的影響。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動詞過去分詞——(否定)haven’t/hasn’t+動詞過去分詞含義：已經(jīng)/曾經(jīng)做過… 還沒有做過…標(biāo)志詞：already、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie. （）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework. 他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)（他可以交作業(yè)了）Wehaven’thaddinneryet. 我們還沒有吃晚飯。（我們現(xiàn)在餓）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition? 你曾經(jīng)參加過演講比賽嗎？（一般疑問句把have/has提到句首） Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition 參加競賽helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事 Heoftenhelpsmel earnEnglish.afford sth.買得起某物Ican’taffordthenewbike.affordtodosth. 付得起錢去做某事 =haveenoughmoneytobuysth.Shecan’taffordtogotoschool. 她沒錢去上學(xué)。stoptodosth.=stopandthend osth.stopdoingsth.停止做某事I’mtired.Let’sstoptohavearest. 我累了。讓我們停下來休息一下吧！It’stimeforclassnow.Let’sstoptalking. 上課時間到了！讓我們不要講話了！6.makeup 編寫 makeupastory 編故事 makeit/themup( 代詞要放中間7.invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事8. 十五歲的（復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞不能加s,作定語）fifteenyearsold十五歲 （短語，不能作定語，常作表語）Heisfifteenyearsol d.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now 此刻（常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中have/has beento+某地：曾經(jīng)去過某地（人已經(jīng)回來，常與次數(shù)連用）have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能與次數(shù)連用）have/hasbeenin+/逗留（for時間段連用）IhavebeentoHongKongHeisn’therenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.bedifferentfrom… 與…..不同findit+ 形容詞+todosth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是….的（it是形式賓語，無義，替后面不定式）I finditeasytol earnmaths. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese. 托尼發(fā)現(xiàn)說漢語很難。sofar 到目前為止（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時）SofarIhavel earnt3，000Englishwords.allovertheworld=aroundtheworl d全世界countdown倒數(shù)M3already已經(jīng)（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時肯定句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，還（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定句或疑問句句末）Hasitarrivedyet just剛剛（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時肯定句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoud oing?你在忙什么？3.I’mnotsurehowtomakeit .=I’mnotsure howIcanmakeit. 4.That’swhy…. 那就是……的原因了。inorderto+動詞原形為了… Heworkssohardinord ertogetthebestscore.sothat+句子=inorderthat+句子：為了…Heworkssohardsothat(inord thereis——(現(xiàn)在完成時形)therehasbeen 已經(jīng)有/存在thereare——(現(xiàn)在完成時形)therehavebeen 已經(jīng)有/存Therehavebeenmanybuil dingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.goaround圍繞……轉(zhuǎn)+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)賓格+動詞（單復(fù)形：沒有一個（既指人也指物）noone+動詞（單）=nobody（僅指人，不與of連用，常用于who提出的問題）Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer. 沒有一個學(xué)生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom? –None.一個也沒有（強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量）Nooneknowstheanswer. –Who’sintheclassroom? -Noone.沒有人（強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有人）becall被稱為…… 10.asmallpartof… 的一小部分11.communicatewith…與……聯(lián)系 12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要語法：現(xiàn)在完成時（二：描述一個動作或狀態(tài)從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在乃至將來有多長時間常與“for+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)”sofar最近inthelast10最近十年）等表示持續(xù)的時間連用，也用于howlong問句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years. Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn. Chinahaschangedainthelast30years. HowhaveyouEnglish?（二“for+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)”howlong…短暫性動詞(buy,borrow,die…)haveborrowkeep/haveawaydiebecome/go/reach—beinjointhepartybeintheparty……錯誤：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy為短暫性動詞，不能與for+時間段連用) 正確：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.( 將buy改為延續(xù)性詞have（問）--Howlong…?多久…..? （答）For+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis? 你這樣多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays. 我生病大約三天了。catchacold感冒 haveafever 發(fā)燒 takeone’stemperature 測量某人的溫鍛煉 fastfood 快餐 notusually 不經(jīng)常 threetimesaday一天三次beharmfulto… 對…..有害 Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.bydoing…通過做…. todosth. 決（不做某事inexcellent/badcondition 身體狀況良好/差 騎車班arriveat/in=getto=reach 到達(dá) withasmileonone’sface 面帶笑臉goforarun 去跑步 feelawful 感到不適 allover 渾身；遍及too…to…太……而不能……Theboyis tooyoungtogotoschool.7.choosesb.todosth.選擇某人去干某事 ontheway 在路M5It’stimeto( 動詞（名詞）sth.該做某事的時候了。It’stimeto haveclass.=It’stimefor class.playgames.= games.eatdinner.= dinnerfight（foughtfouthtfightwithsb.fightfor為……而戰(zhàn)flythrough 飛越 climbup 爬上Iwanttobesomeonelikehim. 我想成為想他那樣的人。keepdoingsomething不斷做某事 keepsb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.fromd oing sth.阻止某人做某事Keeptrying,andyou’llsucceed （成功）.不斷嘗試，你就會成功！can’thelpdoing sth.情不自禁做某事Shewhensheheardthenews.Ican’thelpmissing youwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycan’thelpdancingwiththerockmusic.over=morethan超過wintheheartofsb. 贏得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.makeaterriblemess 弄得一團(tuán)糟expecttodosth. Iexpecttoseeyousoon.11.eversince+句子()常用于現(xiàn)在完成時）Whe1980s 在二十世紀(jì)八十年代in1980 1980年（the和s）findreallifehardtound erstand=findithardtound erstandrealhard發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實生活難以理解find+賓格+形容詞+todo…=findit+形容詞+todo+賓格：發(fā)現(xiàn)做…是…的aswellas=with/andalso 和；以及；也；像……一樣好HecanspeakEnglishaswellasFrench. 他會說英語，也會說法語。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow. 托尼和他的父母現(xiàn)在住在國（動詞要根據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則，與aswellas 前的主語人稱和數(shù)一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim. 我的英語說得想他一樣好。cometolife 復(fù)活/恢復(fù)生氣16.bepopularwithsb. 收到某人的歡17.幾種時態(tài)區(qū)別:時態(tài) 概念 謂語動詞形式 時標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性地動作 動詞原形/三單 often usuallysometimeseveryday/week…一般過去式：過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) 動詞過去式 …agojustnow,lastweek/year…現(xiàn)在完成時：①已經(jīng)或曾經(jīng)干過某事，對現(xiàn)在的影響 have/has+過去分詞alreadyyet never….②過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛卸嗑?。for+時間段、since+時間點(diǎn)，sofar,rencently…M6占據(jù)（空間/時間）esktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.②從事 Hetookupartatschool. 他在學(xué)校教美術(shù)。findsomewheretositd own找地方坐下abitof+ 不可數(shù)名=alittleof abitoffood/orangejuice…abitofamess 有點(diǎn)亂abit+形容詞/副詞=alittle abittired/hungry…區(qū)別：notabit:一點(diǎn)也不 notalittle: 很/非常must 一定（表推測）Itmustbereallyvaluabl e.他一定很值錢。as+(形容詞/副詞)原級+as:像……一樣… Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notas…as… 不如….. Tomisnot astallashisbrother.inone’slife 在（某人）一生中makesb./sth.+ 動詞原形：使某人/某物做某事Don’tmakemelThebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.類似：letsb./sth.+動詞原形：讓某人/某物做某事growasaperson 長大成人some…others…一些……另外一些……developone’s interest培養(yǎng)某人的興趣aswellas=besides除了…..之外，還包括….AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty. 湯姆和他的父母都來參加了這個會。encouragesb.tod osth.鼓勵某人做某事comeout 出版；外出；asaresult 結(jié)果 asaresultof…. Hedidn’tworkhard, asaresult,hedidn’tpasstheexam.beinterestedin+ 名詞/動詞-ing:對……感興趣Iamveryinterestedinmaths. Areyouinterestedin sb.spend+時間某人花費(fèi)多少時間做某事。=Ittakessb.+ 時間+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshiml otsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M71.preparefor…為…..做準(zhǔn)備=getreadyfor2.makealistof… 列……的清單3.get…ready 把……準(zhǔn)備好4.Itsoundscrazy. 這聽起來很荒唐。Idon’tknowwhattotake.（簡單句=Idon’tknowwhatIshouldtake. （復(fù)合句6.attheendof 在…..的盡頭/結(jié)尾Is200dollarsenough?（金錢、時間、距離做主語時，視作單數(shù)）50yearsis100metresisashortdistance.hadbetter+ 動詞原形：最好做某事 Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定動詞原形最好不要做某事9.bytheway 順便說一下 gocrazy 變瘋 inagroupof20 二十人一組10.①offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb. 向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorl otsoffoodandwater.②offertodosth. 自愿去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.11.learnabout了解 atthesametime 同時bewelltrained 受過良好培訓(xùn) 依賴；取決于14.providesb.sth.提供某人某=providesb.with 15.settests 安排考試 formclosefriendshipswith… 與…..結(jié)成親密的友stayintouchwith…和……保持聯(lián)系 taketripsto…到……去旅行atleast至少 fillout填寫M81.重要語法：賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子。本模塊重點(diǎn)：由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that無義，可省,后接陳述句作賓語。賓語從句復(fù)合句=主句+引導(dǎo)詞+賓語從句。Icanhardlybelieve (that)we’reinthecitycentre Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular. Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere. Linglingdoesn’tthinktheparkwillbebusy.主句和從句的時態(tài)關(guān)系：①主句：一般現(xiàn)在時 從句：需根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.（從句為一般現(xiàn)在時）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.（從句為一般將來時）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast. （從句為一般過去時）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework. （從句為現(xiàn)在完成時）②主句：一般過去時 從句：一般過去時/過去時的某種時態(tài)Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon. （從句用一般過去時）Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby. （從句用過去將來時）Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years. （從句用過去完成時③特殊情況：從句描述的是客觀事實、真理、科學(xué)名言警句等不以時間改變而改變的事實時，不管主句為何種時態(tài)，從句總是用一般現(xiàn)在時。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound. 他說光比聲音傳播得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun. （客觀事實）Shesaid(that)herfatheristwenty-eightyearsol （客觀事實）Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit. （客觀真理注意當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think或賓語從句要表達(dá)否定時要把從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。Idon'tthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wedon’tbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2.hardly 幾乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe? （前否后肯so…that… 如此……以至于……Thelittleboyissoyoungthat hecan’tgotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotol denoughtogotoschool.sothat…以便；為了=inordertharHegotupearlysothathecoul hearsb./sth.+/某物（經(jīng)常/過去）做…….hearsb./sth.+動詞-ing:聽見某人/某物正在做…….Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.befamousfor 因……而著名befamousas+職業(yè)/身份：作為……而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.allowdoingsth.允許做某事 Theydon'tallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that從句：Heallowedthattheywereright. 他承認(rèn)他們是對的7.It’sbetter(forsb.)tod osth.（對某人來說）最好去做某事。It’sbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.8.pointout 指出 pointat/to…指著（近物/遠(yuǎn)物）9.atthetopof 在……的頂部 moveabout四處走動10.promisetodosth.答應(yīng)做某事Hmisenottodosth. 保證不做某事 promise+that 從:Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.11.haveawonderfultime玩得開心magicland 仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake 在小湖邊 wakesb.up 喚醒某人12.withoutdoing…沒有做…..Wecameoutwithout makinganynoise.13.Itisapitythat+ 14.walkdownthepath 順路而下putleavesoffplants 從植物扯下葉子thesecondlargest 第二大…. (the+序數(shù)+最高級：第幾最…..)17.fallasleep入睡M9基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+if/whether+賓語從句（用陳述語序）意為“是否”，用在將（說話人說得話為一般疑問句（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+if/whether+賓語從句（用陳述語序）（直接引語）“Areyouateacher? ”heasks.間接引語也就是if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idon’tknowwhetherheisathomeornot. 注：ifwhetherif,只能用whether:⑴在動詞不定式之前只能用whetherIdon'tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse （拒絕⑵在whether……ornot 的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot. ⑶在介詞后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.⑷賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，只能用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Ican'ttell.⑸用if會引起歧義時，只用whether。如用whether可避免歧義。②特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany…）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+特殊疑問詞+賓語從句（用陳述語序）直接引語為特殊疑問句的簡單句作引導(dǎo)詞，但后面需改為陳述句，即陳述語序。（直引）“What’syourname?” Mr.Liasksme.（直引）“Whydidheaskforhelp?” heasked.間引即為特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Wheredoeshecomefrom? Idon’tknow（合并句子）Idon’tknowwherehecomesfrom. （故要改為陳述句，因為它不再是問句了）HowcanIgetthere? Canyoutellme? （合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere? （解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，主句和從句的時態(tài)與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句一樣，需注意主從句時態(tài)的變化。mentionsth.tosb. 向某人提及某事e （）（為某人）捎口信打電話用語：Who’scalling?=Who’sthatspeaking? 你是哪位Isthat…(speaking)?你是……嗎？Thisis…speaking. 我是……Could/MayIspeakto…?我可以和…..說話嗎？haveaproblemwithsb. 和某人之間出了問題getseparated分開explainsth.tosb. 向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.explain+疑問詞+不定式oitwell?explain+賓語從句refusetodosth.Herefusedtohelpme.feel/besureof…. 對……有把握regrettodosth. 遺憾（要做某（還未做）regretregretted--regrettedIregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday. 我后悔幾天前責(zé)備過他。regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事(已經(jīng)做過了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遺憾地告訴你：你被開除了。11.bepatientwithsb. 對某人耐心12.introduceAtoB: 把A介紹給B（認(rèn)識）13.encourage sb.todo sth.鼓勵某人做某Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyha