2006年考研英語試題及答案

SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’s homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthaternmentscan’t .Tohelphomeless independence,the ernmentmustsupportjobtraining theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-cost anywherefrom600,000to3million. figuremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thattheofthehomeless .Oneofthe ernment’s thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhaseincreasingly whenhomelessmanagetofinda thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeach thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Many notaddictedmentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsaddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.What’sneededapackage[A][A][A][A][A][A][A]NowExcept[A][A]dis[A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A]SectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextTextInspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceof“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.stores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareothersforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”Thechildrenofgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8rateamongnative-bornForeign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.Rodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworld“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobably.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19th.[A]yedaroleinthespreadofpopularbecameintimateshopsforcommonsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableoweditsemergencetothecultureofThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowinthe areresistanttoexertagreatinfluenceonAmericanarehardlyathreattothecommonconstitutethemajorityoftheWhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?ToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheTorevealthepublic’sfearofTogiveexamplesofsuccessfulToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericansocietyis TextShakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeare(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheys,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthceandtheothersights.longhairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside--don’tusuallyseetheys,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirygoing.Itistheygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.ThesightseerscantakeeverythingandgetoutoftownbyThetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeare.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhointownownhothere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletandwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaveedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveele.Theycomeentirelyfortheys,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookwearingnsandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearn theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffthetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodthetownsfolkearnlittlefromItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3 thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatheygoersspendmoremoneythanthethesightseersdomoreshopthanthetheygoersgotonoothercesintownthantheBysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat StratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialthetownisnotreallyshortofthetownsfolkusedtobepoorlyAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidy.ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthe isfinanciallyill-thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallythetheatreattendanceisontheFromthetextwecanconcludethatthe issupportiveofbothfavorsthetownsfolk’stakesadetachedissympathetictotheTextWhenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowtime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.One50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Somewouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksarounddatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.”Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebecausetheorysuggeststhattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbe50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggest.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalslargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreatslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingWecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalthenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheoldBysaying"thesefiguresareconservative"(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat fishingtechnologyhasimprovedthecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanthemarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterthedatacollectedsofarareoutofDr.Myersandotherresearchershold peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongerfisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthetheoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginal peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingTheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmost.managementbiomasscatch-sizetechnologicalTextManythingsmakepeoplethinksareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:s’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.music,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthephonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.reason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompleydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.workeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.Intheydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.religiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourcommandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting--isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossandarttolus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingcigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshendstoshowthat poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingorartgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativepoetstodayarelessskepticalofshavechangedtheirfocusofTheword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeans Intheauthor’sopinion, emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyisacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralrecesthechurchasamajorsourceofcreatesanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessWecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsintheanti-happyartisdistastefulbutmiseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthantheanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomyWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheReligiononcefunctionedasareminderofArtprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandPeoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernMassmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.PartB41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachtouseinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(acewheregamblinggamesareyed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximay$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacoupon$20worthofHevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard",whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andthoseactivities ewhathecalls"electronic".(41).In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwoatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.toatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyor(42)“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everythecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”will.”Well.(43)anduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.(44).Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsasalitydisordersakintophysical(45)statesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton--youmightsayaddicted--revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers’dollarshaseonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingcasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhenotquit.alongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.ofgamblinginAmericaistheernment.DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexinedasweaknessofwill.Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButeveniftheernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsforngPartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethesegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)ofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitisthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofinlectual.Itisthey,notAmerica,whohaveeanti-inlectual.First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisaninlectual?46)Ishalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaconsciously,articulay,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualwhomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtobecause,whilehisplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofbutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings,heduties--heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureaboutthemoralcodewhichernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofhiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyinlectualsearntheirliving.50)Theymayteachverywellandmorereflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething,livingin"publicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.Section PartYouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourn.SHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiDonotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBStudythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhich

describethephotosinterpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,giveyourpointofYoushouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20注：Beckham是英國片上有一個(gè)男子在理發(fā)，他要求理發(fā)師為他設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)克漢姆的發(fā)型。...0.SectionII:Re