版考研英語真題及解析2003年

2003年攻讀入學(xué)考試英語試Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewinlectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheir plishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7tonactivitiesinwhichtheremorewinnersthanlosers,8，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookstudentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A]in[B]asa[C]for[D]ina9.[A]dis[B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B] [D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C]defini[D]14.[A][B][C] [D]15.[A]if[B]now[C]so [D]even16.[A][B][C] [D]17.[A][B][C] [D]18.[A]Onthe[B]Onthe[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheother19.[A][B][C] [D]20.[A][B][C] [D]Section ReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuiltOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceinligence,”andastheNetgrows,itis ingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargewasatinyVirginia calledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsshinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,ainligence-ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.ManyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatStraifordGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisin.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfrom,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttolgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-inligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.TheemergenceoftheNet receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedthe ligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaDonovan’sstoryismentionedinthetext introducethetopicofonlineshowhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationhonorhisuniqueservicestotheThephrase“makingthebiggestssh”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidestItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4 straitford’spredictionabouthasprovedstraitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbystraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableStraitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficientmilitaryToparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondfullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberayharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shiprecement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonly alitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalTheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swords callonscientiststotakesomecriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalwarnofthedoomofbiomedicalshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearch cruelbutinhumanandinevitablebutpointlessandTheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthe discontentwithanimalignoranceaboutmedicalindifferencetoanxietyaboutanimalTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientists communicatemorewiththeemployhi-techmeansinfeelnoshamefortheirstrivetodevelopnewFromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooper awell-knownamedicalanenthusiastinanimalasupporterofanimalInrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscominthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyone .Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketce?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Consider$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail'snetrailway ein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikely costreductionisbasedonservicescallforcross-tradeoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoshipperswillhavetherailwaybytheWhatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailItcanbeinferredfromparagraph3 shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivaltherewillsoonbeonlyone overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforrate ernmentboardensuresfairyinrailwayTheword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyrefersto whoworkaswhofunctionaswhosupervisewhodeterminetheAccordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycaused thecontinuingthegrowingthecheeringWalltheshrinkingItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethataernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradoernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At chairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimsto53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralEverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.WhatisimpliedinthefirstAmericansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherAmericansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverAmericansareover-confidentoftheirmedicalAmericanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeTheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshow medicalresourcesareoftendoctorsarehelplessagainstfatalsometreatmentsaretoomedicalcosts ingTheauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisonestrong slight [D]enthusiasticIncontrastotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalmore [B]more[C]more [D]moreThetextintendstoexpresstheideathat.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthlivingdeathshouldbeacceptedasafactofexcessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthPartBReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10HumanbeingsinalltimesandcesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirceinHumansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.（41）Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisnetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,anthropology passesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.（42）Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,political,science,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.disciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinysis.（43）Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalbroughttotheysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatinlectualachievementsof19thscience.（44）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared,andpatternedbehavior.isan conceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandSection Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayentitledinwhichyou1）describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2）pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20[A]（give）thought(to)[B]（givesban/some）idea（of）使了解……的情況[C]（haveagood/bad）opinion(of)對……印象很好[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：平行句子結(jié)構(gòu)+固定搭配of（教師應(yīng)該注意）Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1to（同時他們須認(rèn)真……。注意第二句中的兩個they分別指代了第一句中的teachers和youngadults，第二句中的giveserious1to與第一句中的beawareof（知道，）也應(yīng)在意義上相呼應(yīng)。其次，考生需要判斷四個選項(xiàng)中哪一個能與give...to構(gòu)成短語。idea富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意識、打算、建議”ofto連用；opinion意為“意見；看法”give搭配；advice（建議）giveto搭to后應(yīng)接人，即建議的接受者，如果要表達(dá)“提出…方面的建議”，應(yīng)該用“giveadviceonsth.”givethoughttothought不能替換為別的詞匯，它放入句中表示“同時他們也應(yīng)當(dāng)對這些年輕人如何最好地2這些變化加以思考”。例句補(bǔ)充：Igavemuchthoughttowhathesaidyesterday.（我對他昨天說的那番話做了許多思考；ThebookgivesyouagoodideaoflifeinancientGreece.這本書能讓你對古希臘的生活有一些了解)；Everyonehasapooropinionofacoward.（每個人對懦夫的印象都不好；NowIwanttogiveyousomeadvice.(現(xiàn)在給你提些建議)。[A]strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固 modate適應(yīng)，調(diào)[C]stimulate刺激，激 [D]enhance提高，增[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：動賓搭配suchchanges構(gòu)成動賓搭配。suchchanges在這里指theemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchanges。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，空格所在部howgivethoughttotheyyoung什么動作，四個選項(xiàng)中modate表達(dá)的含義最恰當(dāng)，即“適應(yīng)變化”。整個句子的含義是change搭配的動詞請參見2004年第13題。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：modate表示“適應(yīng)”時，還常用modateoneselftosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，例句：Hehasto modatehimselftochangedsituation.（他不得不適應(yīng)變化了的形勢。[A]care關(guān)心，照 [B]nutrition營exercise練習(xí)，鍛 [D]leisure空閑，安[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語意+名詞詞義辨析文中相關(guān)部分是“成長的身體需要運(yùn)動和3，但不僅僅是在強(qiáng)調(diào)競賽的方面需要這些”。因此考生需要判斷空格處應(yīng)填入什么名詞，與movement并列做need的賓語。首先，movementexercisecompetition[A]If（表?xiàng)l件 [C]Whereas然而，反之，但是（表轉(zhuǎn)折 [D]Because（表因果[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格所在長句中包含了兩個由逗號隔開的分句：4 theyareadjustingto…，teenagersareespeciallyself-conscious。兩個分句有共同的主語，前一句中的they就指代下一句中的teenagers?？忌枰袛噙@兩個分句之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。從語意上看，前一分化，所以自我意識強(qiáng)烈”。因此because。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：ahostof表示“一大群，好些”，常接可數(shù)名詞，例句：Ihaveahostofthingstodotoday.(我今天有一大堆事情要做)。[A]assistance幫助，協(xié) [B]guidance引導(dǎo)，指[C]confidence信 [D]tolerance[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析（teenagersneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccess（青少年……，其中的是confidence（信心。[A]claimed（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求，索取，主 [B]admired羨慕，贊[C]ignored忽 [D]surpassed[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：+動詞詞義辨析（teenagersneedcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheir plishmentsare6byothers（青……confidence賓語是兩個動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)achievingsuccess和knowingthat…。因此考生關(guān)鍵要判斷青少年的自信來自于知道他們的成績（plishments）受到別人的什么。根據(jù)，只有當(dāng)自己的成績受到別人羨慕時，人們才會產(chǎn)生信心。顯然只有admired符合文意。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：plishment的構(gòu)詞法是：plish（完成）+-ment（名詞后綴表行為，類似的詞還有achievement，development，establishment，fulfillment等。[A]improper不恰當(dāng) [B]riskyfair公平的，美麗 [D]wise明智[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+形容詞詞義辨析空格所在句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是somuchcompetitionthat…，句意為“青少年典型的生活中已經(jīng)充滿了這么多的競爭，以至于策劃勝者多敗者少的活動將是7的”。考生需要判斷在充improperriskyfair和wise中，后者更符合句[A]ineffect實(shí)際 [B]asaresult結(jié)果表因果關(guān)系[C]forexample例如（表例證關(guān)系 [D]inasense在某種意義[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格前文是to nactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers（策劃一些勝者多敗者少的活動后文是publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews（（activitiesnewsletters達(dá)例證邏輯關(guān)系的只有forexample。[A] ying展 [B]describing描creating創(chuàng) [D]exchanging交[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+動賓搭配從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，9 studentartwork和前面的publishingnewsletters以及后面的sponsoringbookdiscussionclubs在結(jié)構(gòu)上并列，都是教師策劃的勝者多敗者少活動的例子。因此考生需要判斷選項(xiàng)中哪個動名詞中的動詞能與studentartwork（學(xué)生的藝術(shù)品）構(gòu) [A]durable耐用的，持久 [B]excessive過多的，額外[C]surplus多余的，過剩 [D]multiple眾多的，多樣[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：句內(nèi)語義+形容詞詞義辨析文中的相關(guān)部分是Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide 判斷各種各樣的小型可以提供什么樣的機(jī)會。解題的是前面的variety（多樣，（durable詞匯補(bǔ)充：四個選項(xiàng)中，durable原義是“能夠抵抗磨損，撕扯或腐蝕的”，引伸義是“持；excessive如：excessivedrinking（酗酒；surplus指“比需要的或必需的”，如：surpluspopulationmultiple[A]group團(tuán)體，組，群， [B]individual個人（的nel人員，職 [D]corporation公[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析clubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11_dynamicsaswellas（而且forpracticeforleadership與…的練習(xí)機(jī)會?！眃ynamics意為“動力學(xué)”，“動態(tài)關(guān)系”，這里表達(dá)一種動態(tài)的人際互動關(guān)和leadership顯示了這是一種團(tuán)隊(duì)活動，選項(xiàng)中的individual概念與之相，nel和提供練習(xí)的說法比較合理，因此，group為正確答案。[A]consent同意，贊成，允 [B]insurance[C]admission允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)，坦 [D]security安[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析的_12_”?？忌袛唷皥F(tuán)體”security，因?yàn)殪t腆的學(xué)生需要交朋友，需要加入某種團(tuán)體以獲得安全感。最具干擾的選項(xiàng)是admission，它可以表示“獲得加入某個團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)利”tointo搭配，例句：’sadmissiontotheUnitedNations（允許中國加合國。[A]particularly特別地，異常地，顯著 [B]barely僅僅，幾乎不，勉[C] y肯定無疑地，明確 [D]rarely很少地，難[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+副詞用法辨析shystudentsneedthesecuritywithasupportiveadult13visibleinthe要成人的支持，但不需要成人過多的參與，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰?dú)立地去完成事情。選項(xiàng)中particularlydefiniyvisible“特別看得見”和“肯定看得見”不合文意；rarely為頻率副詞，加進(jìn)去表示“有時看得見，有時看不見”，因此也不合適。成人既在場，又不顯眼，barelyvisible（幾乎看不見）最符合文意。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：barely表示否定概念，如：Icouldbarelyseetheroadinthefog.(我在霧中幾乎不能看清路)。該詞含義與hardly和scarcely相近。[A]similar相似 [B]long長[C]different不同 [D]short短[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：的運(yùn)用空格后的attentionspan指“注意力的持續(xù)時間”。本題要求考生判斷青少年的注意力持增長，人的注意力持續(xù)時間會增長，成人一般能夠持續(xù)工作3～4小時。在此題中，應(yīng)該選擇short，即“青少年的注意力持續(xù)時間較短”。此外，下文提到“應(yīng)當(dāng)組織各種各樣的活動，15.[A]ifonly只要，要是……（表?xiàng)l件……（[C]sothat表目的……（[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格前文是Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（組織各種各樣的活動，后文是participantscanremainactive（讓參加者保持活躍。本題要求考生判斷這兩部分之間是什么的的關(guān)系，這里需要一個表目的的連詞，因此只有sothat符合文意。；now；even[A]everything（else）其他每件事物[B]anything(else)（任何）[C]nothing(else)無其他事 [D]something(else)其他的事[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：不定代詞用法辨析ele搭配并適合句意。在不同情況下，四個選項(xiàng)都可與eleanyting空格所在句子的含義是“應(yīng)當(dāng)組織各種各樣的活動，以便讓參加者保持活躍，然后轉(zhuǎn)而參與其他……活動，而不會感到內(nèi)疚”，顯然，everyhing和nothng與ele“其他所有活動”和“沒有其他任何活動”不符合文意，只有ehingele表示的（繼續(xù)參與）其他某種活動”符合句子語法和前后語意關(guān)系的搭配，為正確選項(xiàng)。知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：elsesomething這類代詞連用。如：Let’strysomethingelse.（我們嘗；I晚上還有其他什么事情要討論)；Hehadnothingelsetodoexcepttoreturntohisroom.（除了；Everything[A](let)off放出，饒恕，準(zhǔn)許……暫停工作[B](let)down使……[C](let)out放掉，，放大，出 [D](let)alone不管,不打[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：短語動詞用法辨析轉(zhuǎn)而參與別的活動，既不會感到內(nèi)疚，也不會讓其他參加者_(dá)17_”。顯然這里需要一個和feelingguilty并列的貶義詞組。即考生需判斷“不斷參加其他活動”除了可能讓參與者自己內(nèi)疚外，還會讓其他人怎么樣。選項(xiàng)中的副詞都可以與letletothersdown（讓go，keep，leave，let，look，make，put，set，take，turn，throw等等。[A]Onthecontrary相 [B]Ontheaverage按平均數(shù)計(jì)[C]Onthewhole總的看 [D]Ontheotherhand另一方[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系+短語用法辨析這種含義。注意Ontheotherhand強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事物存在兩面性，并存兩種可能性。如：Heis例句補(bǔ)充：“Haveyounearlydone?”“Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.”（—你差不；omen；Youbutonthewholeyouhavedonewell.（你犯了幾個錯誤，但總體來說，你做的很好。19.[A]making(for)，有利于，傾向于，導(dǎo)[B]standingfor) nningfor)[Dtaking(for)[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：短語動詞辨析文中相關(guān)部分是theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitment for（成人能夠幫助學(xué)生獲得一種責(zé)任感，通過（為他們）……一些角色，其中介詞by。_19forroleshelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitment的方式和。commitment意為“承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，承諾”for搭配構(gòu)成短語動詞，考生關(guān)鍵需要roles搭配，并符合文意nningfor填入空格后表示“。（合適的）角色”，可以看作是“幫助學(xué)生獲得責(zé)任感”的，而且它還與前面提到的nactivities，avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized相呼應(yīng)。，allowanswerapplyarrangeaskcravefallgohopehanker，havelongprayspeaksearchthirstwantwishyearn[A]capability能力，性能，容量，接受力[B]responsibility[C]proficiency熟練，精 [D]efficiency效率，功[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析helpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbynningforrolesthatarewithintheir_20andtheirattentionspansthatroles，表示任感”。因此考生需要判斷這些角色在青少年的什么范圍之內(nèi)。四個選項(xiàng)中首先排除知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：-ency/-ence和-ility/-ity是常見的形容詞變?yōu)槊~的后綴，都表示“性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、情況”，如：proficiency=proficient精通+cyefficiency=efficient有效率的+cy，capability=capable能干的+ility，responsibility=responsible有責(zé)任的+ility，juvenility=juvenile青少年的+ity，servility=servile的+ity，fragility=fragile易碎的+ity。A第一段：以著名?多諾汶為，提出文章的：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在改變TheemergenceoftheNet receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasa

改變了收集工使復(fù)興成為一個職[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題loved，whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshavoatonasell.”。其中“Donovnsvocation”指就是“in lgencevice（工作。此外，解答本題的另一個關(guān)鍵是對“eshpe”一詞的理解，它的含義是“recast，reold”即“改造，給以新形式”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確答案。D選項(xiàng)的考生在于對“reshape”和“revive”“revive”是主暗含的意思是某事物已經(jīng)不存在或已經(jīng)喪失作用在第一段中并沒有談到行業(yè)曾經(jīng)行業(yè)曾經(jīng)中斷的信息。而選項(xiàng)C所對應(yīng)的原文是“re-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail”，意思是：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了人們的日常生活方式，如買書，發(fā)郵件等?？忌⒃?；②bring；③putbackinaformerposition（使復(fù)職，把（）放回原來地位Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetext introducethetopicofonline

showhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationhonorhisuniqueservicestothe 為網(wǎng)上這個話題提供開展示多諾汶是如何為效力

[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：作者意圖題本文只在第一段提到·多諾汶，其余部分討論的都是工作在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的巨大諜只是為文章展開討論前提供了一個，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他B、C、D選項(xiàng)然可能都與多諾汶的生平事跡有關(guān)，但是與文章無關(guān)，因此都不正確Thephrase“makingthebiggestssh” causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidest段落中的“makingthebiggests

[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：詞義題福公司”這個典型的例子，說它是在這個領(lǐng)域的佼佼者。makingthebiggestssh的含義是“tocreateaful,favorable,andnoticeableeffect”，即創(chuàng)造一種強(qiáng)有力的、良好的和引人注此外，如果福公司“做出最大努力”而未取得成功，它也不會成為一個典型例子B選項(xiàng)也是錯誤的。DItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4 straitford’spredictionabout provedtruestraitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictabilitystraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliable 從文章第四段推論出其中的暗示 [A]福公司關(guān)于的預(yù)測已經(jīng)

[B]福公司保證它提供的信息的真[C]福公司公司的業(yè)務(wù)特征是不可[D]福公司能夠提供相當(dāng)可靠的信[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：推理引申題。 來源的活動有它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)榈恼鎮(zhèn)坞y辨福公司就是靠辨別的真?zhèn)纬燥埖?。這就暗示福公司能夠提供相當(dāng)可靠的，因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。。B選項(xiàng)的說法太絕對，因?yàn)楦９炯热粨?dān)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，它就不能夠保證信息100%可會收到一些人的反饋。C選項(xiàng)的說法在文中也找不到根據(jù)，因?yàn)槲闹兄惶岬礁９咎嶂R點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：reliable（可靠的、可信賴的）的近義詞有：trustworthy，trusty。這些詞的中心含義都是“worthyofrelianceortrust”（值得依賴和信任Straitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficientmilitary25.福公司最引以自豪的

[A]地[答案[解析]本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，文章最后一句直接，福公司對其“independentvoice（獨(dú)立）”感到自外人）”的地位，不對的腔調(diào)隨聲附和，可以獨(dú)立地宣稱自己的主張，因此它給人的印但是公司本身并不附屬于軍方，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)在文中也找不到依據(jù)。，知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：nonconformist中前綴non-表示“非，不”，conformist原來的含義是指“上遵” formist的含義包括“非國不墨守成規(guī)（人”5道試題考查的范圍覆蓋了全文，既考查了考生理解具體信息的能力，參見原考題第3題。此外，從命題的角度來看，還可以命制文章主旨題和作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度TheauthormentionedCIA’scontesttoshow CIAwaseagertoknowwhowasabletogetasmuchinformationaboutBurundiasOpen-SourceSolutionsisavery ininformationelectronicspyingisn’tsomethingOpen-SourceSolutions’successisanoldStraifordis asasuccessinthemasteryoftheelectronicasasuccessfulspyingtoshowhowtheNetinfluencesthespyingtoshowtheimportanceofbeingindependent Thephrase“earnsitskeep”(lastline,paragraph4)mostprobably keepsitsleading [B]makes[C]takes [D]stickstotheThebesttitleforthepassagemight Spying:anInformationInternetChangestheTheSuccessofInligence-ysisSpyingintheNew參考答案（1）C 長難句分析①TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwith這個句子的特點(diǎn)是定語從句中含有兩個并列的分句。該句子的主干是：TheAmericanspymaster...wasfascinatedwithinformationwhowith意為“對…著迷”，laytherootsfor意為“為…打下基礎(chǔ)”。②Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohan