非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做題技巧課件

Non-finiteVerb1.todo2.-ing3.done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)專題1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：概述：2.非謂語(yǔ)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解一：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判別謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的方法1.

Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.2.

Shegotoffthebus,but

______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。

1.Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.3._______(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5.___________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.openedreadingWorkdiscussedToimprove非謂語(yǔ)不定式（todo)分詞動(dòng)名詞（-ing)過(guò)去分詞(-ed)現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)v-ingv-ed非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解二：構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式

todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoing\由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)也可用never不定式時(shí)態(tài)的用法

1.

不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或之后發(fā)生,用一般時(shí)態(tài)

1)Hewanted___________(see)you.2)Ihope___________(see)youagain.toseetoseetobereadingtohavewrittentohavebeenworking4.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去時(shí)，用完成進(jìn)行式

Sheissaid

(work)ontheproblemformanyyears.3.

強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用不定式完成時(shí)

Heissaid_________________(write)anovellastyear.

2.

強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

WhenIcamein,hepretended

(read)abook.

分詞的基本形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成式

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone\done及物動(dòng)詞（do)不及物動(dòng)詞(go)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)havinggonegonegoing3）否定形式“not+分詞”。

Nothavingfoundherchild,themotherwasveryworried.{注意}1)

現(xiàn)在分詞

一般式表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或此時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的行為；

完成式（having+過(guò)去分詞)表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Seeingfromhere,wecanhaveagoodviewoftheBird’sNest.

Havingfinishedthelessons,allthestudentswentbackhome.2)過(guò)去分詞

表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，本身表示被動(dòng)含義，沒(méi)有完成式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解三：句法作用

動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞-ing

形式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞一般式tododoingdone一般被動(dòng)式tobedonebeingdone完成式tohavedonehavingdone完成被動(dòng)式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式（以do為例）Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗爭(zhēng)。)找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）下面從二個(gè)方面來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.（2007江西卷）

A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.（2006廣東卷）

A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

tocatchupthefirstbus.3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2007湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時(shí)由主語(yǔ)he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing

作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)?！窘馕觥坑捎谂c句子主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì)兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒(méi)動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。

原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用-ing.

listento…do/doing…

－ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)與todo作目的狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的－ing形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號(hào);而作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的動(dòng)作要在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生,且前面不能用逗號(hào)。用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,,原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007天津卷）

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此處用-ing

表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.

（2005山東卷）

A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（2006陜西卷）

A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth

在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。練一練：ThecaptaingotmetobelievethatthewaterwassowarmsoIwentoffintothePacifictoswimashoretoanisland,only_______(discover)hisideaofwarmwasn’tquitethesameasmine.Helefthishometown20yearsago,never________(see)again.Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_______(return)tobeseentoreturntodiscover擴(kuò)展：S+V+…,+

never

todosth/tobedone某人做…從未/再也不…/不被…原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.（2007浙江卷）

A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard

【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見(jiàn)”，故要用被動(dòng)式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見(jiàn)”為目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。

11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后應(yīng)接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。of

astranger

hiseyessittingseat

vt.

fixone’seyesupon…=Iwasseated.Iseatedmyself.=Isatdown原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.（2006陜西卷）A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn

13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.（2005全國(guó)卷III）

A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringswatchingfacedwith(be)facedwith…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）

14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.（2005湖北卷）BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated

15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.（2005江西卷）

A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.makinglefthas16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhat

country—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavestudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABisSbissaidtodo…據(jù)說(shuō)…原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;

用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;

用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.（2006上海卷）

A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

themeeting

thedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.（2007湖南卷）

A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost

20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.

—Agreed!（2007全國(guó)I）

A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

ThingsThelastonelose

vt.losesb/sth注：受thefirst，thesecond...thelast修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。練一練：你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。

Youarethesecondtomakethemistake.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.這是一個(gè)已經(jīng)討論了的問(wèn)題。2.這是一個(gè)正在討論的問(wèn)題。3.這是一個(gè)將要討論的問(wèn)題。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.（已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.（正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.（將要進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）discussed

beingdiscussed

tobediscussed已經(jīng)正在將要原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，…原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，…原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，…原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，…原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上用不定式.原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上用-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可用-ing/todo,原則區(qū)別是：-ing

表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，todo表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式；如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)形式。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，原則上要用完成式（-ing

的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。二.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)”______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意連詞3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.

4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)；作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)；作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。

A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.takenD

B1._______everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.Everything______

intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.Everythingthey（三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài)分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系?！癥oucan’tcatchme!”Janeshouted,_______away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.LosingJane

thetwostudents（四）分析時(shí)態(tài)1.Thebuilding____nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding____nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuilt

D.built

____C________B________D二.找邏輯主語(yǔ)三、分析語(yǔ)態(tài)四、分析時(shí)態(tài)一.辨別“謂與非謂”三.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題步驟方法總結(jié)：謂非謂，找主語(yǔ)，析語(yǔ)態(tài)，定時(shí)態(tài)Practice從高考試題看非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查方向考點(diǎn)一：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。07年1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar___31___(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.2.Whileshewasgettingme___34___(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.

brokesettled08年

1.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop___32___(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.2.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften____40____(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.

tohelpresults09年1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy___32___（please）ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.

2.Besides，shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor____34____（push）youwiththeirelbows（肘部），hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.

3.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane___40___（inform).topleasepushedwasinformed10年1.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman____33______(present)thewatertotheoldman.2.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,__37___(say)itwasawful.11年Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman18(sit)atthefront.He19(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.presentedsayingsitting/sitwaspretending考點(diǎn)二：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。例2（2011年高考湖南卷）21.Theability_______（express）an