課堂內(nèi)外：走向人文化地英語(yǔ)教學(xué)

課堂內(nèi)外：

走向人文化的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)王欣2016.7.27英語(yǔ)教學(xué)為何要人文化？人文化的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)有什么內(nèi)涵？英語(yǔ)教學(xué)如何走向人文化？

課堂內(nèi)？

課堂外？英語(yǔ)教學(xué)為何要人文化？人文化的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)有什么內(nèi)涵？英語(yǔ)教學(xué)如何走向人文化？

課堂內(nèi)？

課堂外？英語(yǔ)教學(xué)為何要人文化？

時(shí)代語(yǔ)境的要求學(xué)科屬性的回歸人才培養(yǎng)的需要深厚學(xué)養(yǎng)、國(guó)際視野、人文情懷語(yǔ)言的交際能力、審美能力文化的溝通能力有社會(huì)責(zé)任感的公民終身學(xué)習(xí)的能力與興趣什么是人文化的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)？從技能化轉(zhuǎn)向人文化語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)與人文主義語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的人文化語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)與人文主義

OscarBrowning(1837-1923)：人文主義現(xiàn)實(shí)主義自然主義《大英百科全書》對(duì)人文教育的定義：“人文學(xué)科的教育是非行業(yè)性、非職業(yè)性的，它關(guān)注的是促使個(gè)人成熟為人或公民(自由人)，而不是使之成為某一特殊領(lǐng)域的工作者?！闭Z(yǔ)言教學(xué)的人文化一方面是將語(yǔ)言作為文化的載體，通過(guò)語(yǔ)言來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)文化，同時(shí)在文化學(xué)習(xí)中提升語(yǔ)言；另一方面是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的人文情懷，在教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)人文精神濡染，提升學(xué)生的人文素養(yǎng)。人文知識(shí)的積累聯(lián)想思維的訓(xùn)練人文素養(yǎng)的提升人文情懷的培養(yǎng)可見(jiàn)的“人文化”

：人文知識(shí)

擴(kuò)大的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)豐富的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備語(yǔ)言文學(xué)政治歷史社會(huì)生活哲學(xué)科學(xué)......不可見(jiàn)的“人文化”：

思維、素養(yǎng)與情懷

開(kāi)闊的眼界視野提高的思維能力提升的人文素養(yǎng)……英語(yǔ)教學(xué)如何走向人文化？

課堂內(nèi)：教學(xué)活動(dòng)的組織安排

教學(xué)理念，教學(xué)方法，教材選擇課堂外：教師的自我發(fā)展與成長(zhǎng)

立德樹(shù)人，人格魅力

教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)，學(xué)術(shù)魅力

課堂內(nèi)：

教學(xué)活動(dòng)的組織安排教學(xué)理念教學(xué)方法教材選擇教學(xué)理念：英語(yǔ)教學(xué)從技能化到人文化豐富知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)訓(xùn)練聯(lián)想思維培養(yǎng)人文情懷塑造健全人格教學(xué)方法：?jiǎn)l(fā)、對(duì)話、聯(lián)想蘇格拉底式的教育方式問(wèn)題與討論相結(jié)合聯(lián)想與思辨相結(jié)合教學(xué)方法：?jiǎn)l(fā)、對(duì)話、聯(lián)想蘇格拉底式的教育方式問(wèn)題與討論相結(jié)合聯(lián)想與思辨相結(jié)合以對(duì)話、啟發(fā)的方式進(jìn)行聯(lián)想思維訓(xùn)練，由此提升學(xué)生的思考、思辨能力，由此拓展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，由此激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心與求知欲，由此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的終生學(xué)習(xí)能力。以對(duì)話、啟發(fā)的方式進(jìn)行聯(lián)想思維訓(xùn)練，由此提升學(xué)生的思考、思辨能力，由此拓展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，由此激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心與求知欲，由此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的終生學(xué)習(xí)能力。閱讀思考眼界情懷成長(zhǎng)……

教學(xué)材料的選擇:

舉一反三，引發(fā)聯(lián)想英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)課程的人文化教學(xué)：自主選擇教學(xué)材料自主選擇教材語(yǔ)言的難易程度語(yǔ)言的文學(xué)審美語(yǔ)篇的思想內(nèi)涵“Conversation”SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)Poet,critic&lexicographeraremarkablywitty

conversationalist

andentertainingcompanionFewspendtheirtimewithmuchsatisfactionundertheeyeofuncontestablesuperiority;andtherefore,amongthosewhosepresenceiscourtedatassembliesofjollity,thereareseldomfoundmeneminentlydistinguishedforpowersoracquisitions.Thewitwhosevivacitycondemnsslowertonguestosilence,thescholarwhoseknowledgeallowsnomantofancythatheinstructshim,thecriticwhosuffersnofallacytopassundetected,andthereasonerwhocondemnstheidletothoughtandthenegligenttoattention,aregenerallypraisedandfeared,reverencedandavoided.OfDiscourse,byFrancisBaconDiscretionofspeechismorethaneloquence;andtospeakagreeablytohim,withwhomwedeal,ismorethantospeakingoodwords,oringoodorder.子曰：君子食無(wú)求飽，居無(wú)求安。敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉,可謂好學(xué)也已。

---《論語(yǔ)·學(xué)而》TheMastersays,“Agentlemannevereatstodullness,ordemandscomfortinshelter.Heisassiduousinwork,butcautiousinwords.Heisalwaysreadytolearnfromrighteouspeoplesoastoamendhisways.Suchamanisgenuinelydiligent.”CP(CooperativePrinciple)PP(PolitenessPrinciple)

InhisTheAutobiography,BenjaminFranklinmentionedthirteennamesofvirtueshepracticedtoimproveandperfecthimself,whichcanbeseenhowheamended

hisways.Hesays,“TheseNamesofVirtueswiththeirPreceptswere:Silence

Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself.AvoidingtriflingConversation.英語(yǔ)精讀課程的人文化教學(xué)：既定教材基礎(chǔ)上的補(bǔ)充與拓展新目標(biāo)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系列教材《綜合教程1》LeftBehind,PamelaPerryBlaine“TheinsidesoftheturkeyfryerthatwasleftbehindremindedmeofthedeliciousThanksgivingmealthatweallenjoyed.”TheFoundingofJamestownTheMayflowerTheFirstThanksgivingIn1620,agroupof102peoplesailedfromEnglandtoAmericainashipcalledMayflower.Theywantedabetterlifeandfreedomtoworshipastheychose.Theywerepuritans,alsoknownasPilgrims.TheylandedinwhatisnowMassachusettsandcalledtheirnewsettlementPlymouth.Lifeinthenewworldwasnoteasy.WiththehelpofNativeAmericans,theylearnedhowtoplantcrops.Thenextyear,52Pilgrimsand90NativeAmericanfriendscelebratedtheirsurvivalwithathree-dayharvestfeast—withseafood,turkey,deer,vegetables,andfruits.ThisbecameknownastheFirstThanksgiving.RememberthosejuicyredberriesthataremadeintosauceforThanksgivingdinner?Well,theymighthavecomefromMassachusetts.Itisnumberoneingrowingcranberries.WesternfestivalsChinesefestivalsCross-culturalawarenessDictation:

ameansoffostering

associativethinkingAnIntegratedEnglishCourseDictationmaterialsarechosenfor…introductionto

basicknowledgerecommendationoffurtherreadingInitiationoffurtherdiscussion…

introductionto

basicknowledgeAFreshStart(Unit1,Book3)byEvelynHeraldThisarticleistheauthor’sautobiographicalessay.Basicknowledge:distinctionbetweenbiography,autobiography,memoirandjournal

Lateinthe17thcentury,JohnDrydendefinedbiographyneatlyas“thehistoryofparticularmen’slives”.Thenamenowconnotesarelativelyfullaccountofaparticularperson’slife,involvingtheattempttosetforthcharacter,temperament,andmilieu,aswellasthesubject’sactivitiesandexperiences.Autobiographyisabiographywrittenbythesubjectabouthimselforherself.Itistobedistinguishedfromthe

memoir,inwhichtheemphasisisnotontheauthor’sdevelopingselfbutonthepeopleandeventsthattheauthorhasknownorwitnessed,andalsofromtheprivate

diary

or

journal,whichisaday-to-dayrecordoftheeventsinone’slife,writtenforpersonaluseandsatisfaction,withlittleornothoughtofpublication.AGlossaryofLiteraryTerms--M.H.Abrams,p.44recommendation

offurtherreadingNeverGiveIn,Never,Never,Never(Unit1,Book4)byWinstonChurchillThisarticleisaspeechmadebyChurchillinhisvisitofHarrowSchoolin1941.Furtherreading:WinstonChurchill,orator,NobelPrizeWinnerPriortothespeech,G.Liljestrand,MemberoftheRoyalAcademyofSciences,madethefollowingremarks:…WewouldliketoaskLadyChurchilltoconveytoherhusbandourrespectfulandsincereadmirationandreverenceforwhathehasgivenusinhiswritingsandhisspeeches.

Inthepast,severalprimeministersandministersofforeignaffairsandeventwoPresidentsoftheUnitedStateshavebeenawardedtheNobelPeacePrize.Now,forthefirsttime,agreatstatesmanhasreceivedthePrizeinLiterature.ButSirWinstonChurchillisarecognizedmasteroftheEnglishlanguage,thatwonderfulandflexibleinstrumentofhumanthought.Hismonumentalbiographiesarealreadyclassics,andhisworksoncontemporaryhistoryareanoutflowofdeepandintimatefirst-handknowledge,oflucidityofstyleaswellasofhumourandgenerosity.ButtoSirWinstontheEnglishlanguagehasalsoprovidedanimportanttool,withtheaidofwhichpartofhisjobhasbeenfinished.…

Furtherreading:WinstonChurchillSpeech

uponhisawardofHonoraryCitizenshipBertrandRussell’sNobelPrizeacceptancespeech:WhatDesiresArePoliticallyImportant?supplement

ofbackgroundinformationACaseof“SevereBias”(Unit12,Book4)byPatriciaRaybon

“OnCivilDisobedience”,HenryDavidThoreauIheartilyacceptthemotto,“Thatgovernmentisbestwhichgovernsleast”;andIshouldliketoseeitacteduptomorerapidlyandsystematically.Carriedout,itfinallyamountstothis,whichalsoIbelieve—“Thatgovernmentisbestwhichgovernsnotatall”;andwhenmenarepreparedforit,thatwillbethekindofgovernmentwhichtheywillhave.SevereBias:racialdiscriminationHenryDavidThoreau,“OnCivilDisobedience”(1849)MahatmaGandhi,Non-violenceResistanceMartinLutherKing,“IHaveaDream”補(bǔ)充與拓展：

人文化英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的詩(shī)歌教學(xué)詩(shī)歌輔助教學(xué)審美感受力聯(lián)想思維力獨(dú)立思考力人文情懷審美感受力：語(yǔ)言的審美（文學(xué)）翻譯能力聯(lián)想思維力：拓展人文知識(shí)

提升歷史文化意識(shí)

激發(fā)對(duì)中國(guó)文學(xué)、文化的熱愛(ài)SheWalksinBeauty

byGeorgeGordonByron（1788-1824）

…

Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,

HadhalfimpairedthenamelessgraceWhichwavesineveryraventress,

Orsoftlylightenso’erherface;…玉曰：“天下之佳人，莫若楚國(guó)；楚國(guó)之麗者，莫若臣里；臣里之美者，莫若臣東家之子。東家之子，增之一分則太長(zhǎng)，減之一分則太短；著粉則太白，施朱則太赤。眉如翠羽，肌如白雪，腰如束素，齒如含貝……”

---宋玉，《登徒子好色賦》

SheWalksinBeauty

byGeorgeGordonByron（1788-1824）

…

Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,

HadhalfimpairedthenamelessgraceWhichwavesineveryraventress,

Orsoftlylightenso’erherface;…SheWalksinBeauty

byGeorgeGordonByron（1788-1824）

…

Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,

Hadhalfimpairedthenamelessgrace

Whichwavesineveryraventress,

Orsoftlylightenso’erherface;…子曰：君子食無(wú)求飽，居無(wú)求安。敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉,可謂好學(xué)也已。

---《論語(yǔ)·學(xué)而》TheMastersays,“Agentlemannevereatstodullness,ordemandscomfortinshelter.Heisassiduousinwork,butcautiousinwords.Heisalwaysreadytolearnfromrighteouspeoplesoastoamendhisways.Suchamanisgenuinelydiligent.”當(dāng)?shù)谝荒?yáng)光灑向大地的時(shí)候，這對(duì)情人手拉手，在鄉(xiāng)村道路上散步。(Unit3,Book3)當(dāng)?shù)谝荒?yáng)光灑向大地的時(shí)候，這對(duì)情人手拉手，在鄉(xiāng)村道路上散步。(Unit3,Book3)Thecouplestrolledhand-in-handalongthecountryroadwhen

thesuninitsfirstsplendor

steepedtheearth.WilliamWordsworth

（1770-1850）:ComposedUponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802;…NeverdidsunmorebeautifullysteepInhisfirstsplendor,valley,rock,orhill;

Ne’ersawI,neverfelt,acalmsodeep!…《全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程》主編：李蔭華王德明Unit6Romance

TextAAValentineStory

Love’sPhilosophy,byPercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)Whatislove?Lovemeanscommitment.

Lovemeansexcitingheartbeat.Loveshouldbeonlyforlove'ssake.Lovemeansabandoningthewholeworld.Lovemeanssex.Lovemaybreakheart.Lovemaybesubjecttobetrayal.Lovemaybeinvain....Lovemeanscommitment.ARedRedRose,RobertBurns(1759-1796)...Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tilla'theseasgangdry.Tilla'theseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwi'thesun:AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandso'lifeshallrun....Lovemeansexcitingheartbeat.MeetingatNight,RobertBrowning(1812-1889)...Thenamileofwarmsea-scentedbeach;Threefieldstocrosstillafarmappears;Atapatthepane,thequicksharpscratchAndthebluespurtofalightedmatch,Andavoicelessloud,thro'itsjoysandfears,Thanthetwoheartsbeatingeachtoeach!ROMEO…Loveisasmokeraisedwiththefumeofsighs;Beingpurged,afiresparklinginlovers'eyes;Beingvex'd,aseanourish'dwithlovingtears:Whatisitelse?amadnessmostdiscreet,Achokinggallandapreservingsweet.(RomeoandJuliet,ActISceneI)"Deathisagreatpricetopayforaredrose,"criedtheNightingale,"Andlifeisverydeartoall.Itispleasanttositinthegreenwood,andtowatchtheSuninhischariotofgold,andtheMooninherchariotofpearl.Sweetisthescentofthehawthorn,andsweetarethebluebellsthathideinthevalley,an