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CBRE
INTELLIGENTINVESTMENT
ElectricVehiclesin
India-TheNew
WheelsontheRoads
REPORTINDIA
REALESTATE
CBRERESEARCH
JUNE2023
Contents
1.SnapshootheElectriVehicleSegmentinIndia
2.EngineeringEVGrowth
3.GovernmentPolicyEnablers
4.The'State'ofEV
ManufacturinginIndia
5.CapitalisingonEVs
6.TheRealEstatelmpact
.Annexures
1
SnapshotoftheElectricVehicle
SegmentinIndia
IntelligentInvestment
ElectricVehiclesinIndia-TheNewWheelsontheRoads
4CBRERESEARCH◎2023CBRE,INC.
WhatMakesElectricVehicles(EVs)DifferentfromNon-EVs?
Figure1.1.EVsvsnon-EVs-Acomparison
EVs
Non-EVs
Electrical
energy
(kWh)
Fuel
diesel/gas
Petrol/
(litre)
Highinthecity,lowon
highways
Fuel
Efficiency
Highon
highways,lowin
thecity
Electric
motor
Power
Internal
combustion
engine
Relativelylow
(3Xlesserthannon-
EVs")
(75g/km)*
Expensive
(1.5-2Xhigherthan
non-EVs**)
VehicleCost
Carbon
Emissions
Economical
Relativelyhigh
(upto240g/km)*
Relativelylow
(3-7Xlesserthan
non-EVs^)
(INR12-16per
kWh)
⑤
Fuel
Cost
Relatively
high
(Petrolcost-INR
95-110/litre)
Relativelylow
(2-3Xlesserthan
non-EVs)
(INR2,000-3,000
peryear)
Maintenance
Cost
Relatively
high
(INR10,000-
15,000peryear)
Available
(INR1.5-2.5lakh
subsidyonpurchase
costand100%road
taxexemption)
Tax
Benefits
Nil
Source:CBREResearch,Q22023
Note:Non-EVsincludeallconventionalvehiclesusinganinternalcombustionenginefuelledbygasolineordieseltopowerthewheels;'AsperastudybyTransport&Environment-electriccarsinEuropeemit,onanaverage,morethan3timeslessCO?thanequivalentpetrolcars;"e.g.PurchasecostofTataTiagopetrolcarisINR6-7lakhwhileTataTiagoelectriccarcostsINR9-10lakh;^;'variesstate-wise
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Totalvehiclesregistered(mnunits)
units)
EVsGearingUpforExponentialGrowthinIndia
EVsareevolvingfromanichenoveltytoacommonsightinmosttier-lcitiesinIndia.AlthoughtheshareofEVsontheroadcomparedtonon-EVsremainsrelativelysmallatabout0.6%ofthetotalvehicles(refertofigure1.2),theiradoptionandaccessibilityhaveriseninrecentyears.ThistransitionisdrivenbytheGovernmentofIndia's(Gol)'ParisPledge-2022'for2030(referfigure1.3).
Figure1.2.VehiclecategorysplitforEVsinIndia
registered(mn
■Totalvehicles
◆ShareofEVs
Figure1.3.AsnapshotofIndia'supdatedParis
ReduceemissionintensityoftheGDPby45%by2030,fromthe2005level
Createanadditionalcarbonsinkof2.5-3bntonnesofCO?equivalentthroughadditionalforestandtreecoverby2030
Pledge,2022
Achieve50%cumulativeelectric
powerinstalledcapacityfrom
non-fossilfuel-basedenergy
resourcesby2030
Takestepstowardsreaching
net-zeroby2070
Source:VahanDashboard(dataasofFeb2023),MinistryofRoadTransport&Highways(MoRTH),Gol,CBREResearch,Q22023
Note:Othersincludeambulances,constructionequipmentvehicles,publicsectorvehicles,goodsvehicles,specialcategory
vehicles,trailersandtractors.ThegivenpercentagesindicatetheshareofEVsintotalvehiclesalesineachofthesecategories
Source:Gol'sUpdatedFirstNationallyDeterminedContributionUnderParisAgreement(2021-2030):CBREResearch,Q22023
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TheEVDecadeinIndia:SegmenttoWitnessFurtherTractionby2030
TheEVsegmentinIndiaisexpectedtogrowexponentiallyoverthecomingyears,ledbycentralgovernmentinitiativesthatarebeingformulatedtomeettargetssuchastheParisAgreement,2015,2nd
AutomotiveMissionPlan(AMP),2016,andFasterAdoptionandManufacturingofElectricVehicles-lI(FAME-II)Scheme,2022.WhiletheParisAgreementfocusesonreducingemissionintensities,AMPaimsto
elevatetheIndianautomobileindustrytoglobalstandards;FAME-lItargetstoincreaseEVpenetrationinautomobilesalesby2030.
Figure1.4.IndianautomobilesectorandtheEVsegmentmarketforecastsfor2030
Totalnumberof
EVsonroadsin
India
40-50mn
by2030
22X
growth
2.1mnEVsasofFebruary2023
Annualsales
ofEVsinIndia
10mn
by2030
10X
growth
1mnEVssold
during2022
EVsalespenetrationtargetsunderFAMEllscheme
80%
by2030
70%
by2030
40%
by2030
30%
by2030
2Wsand3WsCommercialcarsBusesPrivatecars
EVpenetrationislessthan1%acrossallvehiclecategoriesasof2022,exceptfore-3Wwith~11%penetration
Source:InvestIndia,Gol,2022;VahanDashboard,MoRTH,Gol(dataasofFeb2023)FAME-I,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
2
Engineering
EVGrowth
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Adaptability
Ledbyinfrastructuresupport
Affordability
Ledbylowerfuelandusagecost
Availability
Ledbygovernmentpolicies
Goltargetstoinstallmorethan
46,000EVPublicCharging
Stations(PCS)by2030*
·Minimum1PCStobeavailable
withinanareaof3kmX3km*#
·MinimumonePCSforevery25kmonbothsidesofhighwaysforalltypesofvehicles
·MinimumoneFastCharging
Station(FCS)atevery100kmonbothsidesofhighwaysforheavydutyvehicles(buses/trucks)
·Variousgovernmentpolicies
introducedtoincreaseEVproduction(refertosection3)
·Developmentandpromotionofnewmanufacturingclustersacrossthecountry
·ThesizeofEVmarketinIndiais
expectedtotouchUSD206bilionby2030ifIndiamaintainssteady
progresstomeetits2030FAME-IItargets***
·EVcostofownership(includingvehiclepurchasecosts,runningcosts,fuel,insuranceandothermaintenanceandservicecosts)isestimatedtobe10-20%lowerthananon-EVequivalentforaridershipdurationoffiveyears^.
4AsthatareExpandingtheEVEcosysteminIndia
Thewideninglensonsustainabilityhasledtoaspurtinthedemandforcleanerenergyresources-whichhasbecomeakeyfactorbehindtheexpansionoftheEVecosysteminthecountry.Further,risingpublicawarenessonenvironmentalconcerns,governmentinitiatives,infrastructurecreationandimprovingEVefficiencieshaveonlyacceleratedthepaceofthisgrowingdemand.Forfuturegrowth,CBREexpects4As-Awareness,Availability,AdaptabilityandAffordability-tobecomethekeyengineersofthissegment'sgrowth(refertofigure2.1).
Figure2.1.KeygrowthdriversoftheEVsegmentinIndia
Awareness
OfthekeybenefitsofEVs
IncreasingpublicawarenessabouttheefficiencyofEVsandtheir
environmentalbenefits
·EVscanconvertaround60%oftheelectricalenergyfromthegridtopowertheirwheels,as
comparedto17-21%energy
efficiencyofcarbon-basedfuelsinnon-EVs*
·EVsemituptothreetimes
lowerCO2thannon-EVs**
Source:CBREResearch,Q22023
Note:"Acceleratede-MobilityRevolutionforIndia'sTransportation(e-AMRIT),Gol;"*Transport&environment,2022;**'CentreforEnergyFinance(CEEW-CEF),2022;*Gol,2023;##1PCSforevery9sq.km;"CBREestimates
3Pov
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CentralPoliciesSupportingtheIndianEVEcosystem
ThegovernmentofIndiahasundertakenvariousinitiativestopromotethemanufacturingandadoptionofEVsinthecountry.Afewkeycentralpoliciesareoutlinedinfigures3.1.and3.2.
Figure3.1.AtimelineofkeyEVinitiativesannouncedbythecentralgovernment*
Jan-2013
NationalElectricMobilityMissionPlan(NEMMP)2020
-Intendedtopromotehybrid^andelectric
vehiclesinIndia
-Targetedtoachieve6-7millionsalesofhybridandelectricvehiclesannuallyby2020
Apr-2015
EAME*India-1
AnnouncedaspartofNEMMPwithanaimtoreducevehicularemissionsandairpollutionlevelsInIndia
Phase-IoftheFAMESchemewasimplemented
throughfourfocusareasnamely(1)DemandCreation,(i)TechnologyPlatform,(i)PilotProjectand(iv)ChargingInfrastructure
Phase-Iwasactiveforaperiodoffouryearsuntil2019
Dec-2018
ChargingInfrastructureforElectric
Vehicles-GuidelinesandStandards
Detailedguidelinesforcharginginfrastructureof
EVs(withreferencetotheprovisionsoftheElectricityAct,2003)
IntendedtoenablefasteradoptionofEVsby
ensuringsafe,reliable,accessibleandaffordablecharginginfrastructure
Italsofocusesonbusinessopportunitiesforsmallentrepreneurs,encouragepreparednessof
electricaldistributionsystemsandpromoteenergysecurityanddecarbonisationefforts
Mar-2019
EAME*India-Ⅱ
GolapprovedPhase-llofFAMESchemeforaperiodofthreeyearscommencingfrom1stApril2019
Intendedtogeneratedemandfor7,000e-buses,5
lakhe-3Wheelers(e-3W),55,000e-4Wpassengercars
and10lakhe-2Wheelers(e-2W)byproviding
dedicatedsubsidiestoeachcategory
Alsoproposedestablishmentof2,700charging
stationsinmetros,othermillionpluscities,smartcitiesandcitiesofhillystateswithanaimofachievingonechargingstationinagridof3kmx3km
FinancialOutlay
~INR14,000crore
FinancialOutlay
~INR895crore
Source:MinistryofHeavyIndustries(MoHD,Gol,2013,2015&2019;MinistryofPower(MoP),Gol,2018;CBREResearch,Q22023
Note:^Hybridelectricvehiclesarepoweredbyaninternalcombustionengineandoneormoreelectricmotors,whichusesenergystoredinbatteries;"FasterAdoptionandManufacturingof(Hybrid&)ElectricVehiclesinIndia;falltheincentivesmentionedabovetobealignedwiththetermsandconditionsmentionedinthecorrespondingpolicies.Pleasedickontherespectivepolicynamesformoredetails
FinancialOutlay
~INR10,000crore
^InMay2023,theGolannouncedreductioninFAMEllsubsidyfore-2Wsto
INR10,000/kWhfromINR15,000/kWh.Italsoslashedthemaximum
subsidycapfore-2Wto15%from40%ofthepurchasecostforvehiclesregisteredonorafterJune1,2023
IntelligentInvestment
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CentralPoliciesSupportingtheIndianEVEcosystem
Figure3.2.AtimelineofkeyEVinitiativesannouncedbythecentralgovernment#
Mar-2021
DraftVehicleScrappingPolicy
Intendedtophaseoutoldpassengerand
commercialvehiclesandtherebyreduceurbanairpollution,increasepassengerandroad
safetyandstimulatevehiclesales
Commercialandprivatevehiclesolderthan15and20years,respectively,shallbescrappedif
theyfailfitnesstests
Vehiclemanufacturersarealsoadvisedto
provideadiscountof5%onthepurchaseofanewvehicleagainstthescrappingcertificate
Jun-2021
PLI*SchemeforAdvancedChemistryCell(ACC)BatteryStorage
FY2022-23toFY2026-27
-AimstoenhanceIndia'smanufacturing
capabilitiesandexportsofACCs
Focusesonachievingmanufacturingcapacityof50GigaWattHour(GWh)ofACCs
CustomsdutyleviedonLiBreducedfrom21%to13%inUnionBudget2023-24
FinancialOutlay
~INR18,100crore
Sep-2021
PLI*SchemeforAutomobileandAutoComponentIndustry
FY2022-23toFY2026-27
-Proposedfinancialincentivestoboostdomestic
manufacturingofAdvancedAutomotive
Technology(AAT)productsandattract
investmentsintheautomotivemanufacturingvaluechain
Provides18%capitalsubsidytoencouragefreshinvestmentsinthesupplychainofAATproducts
FinancialOutlay
~INR26,000crore
Mar-2019
DraftBatterySwappingPolicy
Intendedtopromotetheadoptionofbattery
swappingtechnologyimplementedviaBaaS*#
businessmodelswhichwillensurelower
upfrontcosts,minimaldowntime,andlower
spacerequirements.
Alsoproposedtoofferincentivesandsubsidies
toEVswithswappablebatteries
Note-Batteryswappingisanalternativewhich
involvesexchangingdischargedbatteriesfor
chargedones
Source:MoRTH,Gol,2021;MHl,Gol,2021;UnionBudget2023-24,MinistryofFinance,Gol,2023;NITIAayog,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
Note:"ProductionLinkedIncentive;#alltheincentivesmentionedabovetobealignedwiththetermsandconditionsmentionedinthecorespondingpolicies.Pleaseclickontherespectivepolicynamesformoredetails;##BatteryasaService
Intelligent
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ElectricVehiclesinIndia-TheNewWheelsontheRoads
12CBRERESEARCH◎2023CBRE,INC.
State-levelPoliciesPromotingInvestmentActivity
Inadditiontothecentralgovernmentschemes,variousstategovernmentshavetakeninitiativestointroducededicatedEVpolicies.Thesestateshaveannouncedseveralsupportingincentivesandregulatory
frameworks,asdepictedinfigure3.3.
Figure3.3.Asnapshotofstate-wiseEVpoliciesandincentives
DelhiElectricVehiclesPolicy,2020
RajasthanElectricVehiclePolicy,2022
GujaratStateElectric
VehiclePolicy,2021
MaharashtraStateElectricVehicle
Policy,2021
KarnatakaElectricVehicleandEnergyStoragePolicy,2017
UttarPradeshElectricVehicle
Manufacturing&MobilityPolicy,2022
AssamElectricVehiclePolicy,2021
TelanganaElectricVehicleandEnergy
StoragePolicy,2020
AndhraPradeshElectricMobilityPolicy,2018
LEGEND
Land-relatedincentives
Capitalsubsidies
Stampdutyexemptions
Taxbenefits
Infrastructureconcessionsandsubsidies
Charginginfrastructure
development
Batteryrecyclinginitiatives
Skilldevelopment/employment-relatedincentives
●
R&Dgrants/initiatives
Notified
Source:Respectivestategovernmentwebsites;CBREResearch,Q22023
TamilNaduElectricVehiclePolicy,2023
●Draft
KeralaElectricVehiclePolicy,2019
Note:Inafewcases,thoughthepoliciesdonotdirectlymentionaboutaparticularincentive,anindicationofindirectinitiativeshavebeenconsidered.
Alltheincentivesmentionedabovetobealignedwiththetermsandconditionsmentionedinthecorrespondingpolicies.Pleaseclickontherespectivepolicynamesformoredetails.
The'State'ofEV
4
Manufacturingin
India
IntelligentInvestment
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vo.ofregisteredvehiclesales("ooounits)
EVpenetrationrate(%)
TheIndianEVMarketin
2022
In2022,India'sEVsalesexceededonemillionunits,agrowthofmore
than200%onanannualbasis(refertofigure4.2.).E-2WscontinuedtodominateIndianEVsaleswithashareofabout62%,followedbye-3Ws(34%).TheIndianEVmarketisexpectedtogrowataCompounded
AnnualGrowthRate(CAGR)ofabout49%between2021and2030,withannualsalescrossing17millionunitsby2030*.
*InvestIndia,Gol,2022
Figure4.1.Fuel-wisesalestrends(2018-2022)
NG■DieselElectricPetrolOthers——EVspenetrationrate(%)
Source:VahanDashboard,MoRTH,Gol,CBREResearch,Q22023
Note:E-3Wincludesgoodsandpassengervehicles;E-CarincludesLightMotorVehicles;E-Bus:includesHeavyMotor&PassengerVehicles;OthersincludeFourWheeler(InvalidCarriage),HeavyGoodsVehicles,LightGoods&PassengerVehiclesandMediumMotor,Goods&PassengerVehicles;EVregisteredsalesdataduringJan-Dec2022,collectedfromRTOsacross34outof36states&UTsinIndia
Source:VahanDashboard,MoRTH,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
Intelligent
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UttarPradesh,MaharashtraandKarnatakaledIndia'sEVsalesin2022
EVmanufacturersandmultiplee-mobilitystart-upsareclusteringtooccupythemostprominentautoclustersinIndia.AccordingtotheVahanDashboardoftheMinistryofRoadTransportandHighways
(MoRTH),UttarPradeshfollowedbyMaharashtraandKarnatakadominatedIndia'sEVsalesin2022.Asmentionedinfigure4.3,togetherthesestatesaccountedforabout40%oftheoverallsales.
Figure4.3.State-wiseannualregisteredEVsales*in2022
Delhi-NCR
6%
%shareofstates&UTsinpan-
IndiaregisteredEVannualsales
0%16%
8%Rajasthan
LEGEND
Indicates%shareofthetop5statescontributingto
%
thepan-IndiaregisteredEVannualsales
UttarPradesh16%
E-2W
E-3W
Gurgaon
Dharuherai
E-Car
4%
Assam
E-BuS
7%
Gujarat
Halol
AndhraPradesh
3%
Others
EXISTINGKEYEVMANUFACTURINGCLUSTERS
Note:*EVregisteredsalesdata
duringJan-Dec2022,collected
fromRTOsacross34outof36
states&UTsinIndia
Source:VahanDashboard,
MoRTH,Gol,2022;CBRE
Research,Q22023
13%
4%
Maharashtra
Kerala
Nashik
●Hyderabad
Dhawa
Krishnagiri
Karnataka
TamilNadu
-
●E-2W
-
-
-
-
9%
E-3W
E-Car
7%
●E-Bus
Gurgaon
Bangalore
Chennai
Hosur
Hyderabad
Baramati
Bangalore
Chennai
Chakan
Hyderabad
Dharwad
-Sanand
-Bhiwadi
-Nashik
-Chakan
-Krishnagir
-Nashik
Sanand
-Halol
-Dharuhera
-Faridabad
IntelligentInvestment
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16CBRERESEARCH@2023CBRE,INC.
iBmanufacturingcapacity(Gwh)
Mining/Sourcing
ComponentManufacturing
Recycling
Application
EVBattery
ManufacturinginIndia
In2022,Indiastood18thonBloombergNEF's(BNEF)GlobalLithium-ionBattery(LiB)SupplyChainRankings(refertofigure4.4.).Atpresent,Indiaimportsrawmaterialsforlithium-ioncellmanufacturingwhich
accountsfor77%oftheoverallmanufacturingcostofanLiB.However,India'sdependenceonimportedlithiumislikelytoreducesignificantlywiththediscoveryof5.9milliontonnesoflithiumreservesinJammuandKashmir'sReasiDistrictinFebruary2023.
Figure4.4.LiBmanufacturingcapacitybycountry-2022
Korea
Source:BNEF'sGlobalLithium-ionBatterySupplyChainRanking,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
Figure4.5.AnoverviewoftheLiBvaluechain
CellsandModuleManufacturing
Midstream
Downstream
Upstream
-Explorationofminerals
-Excavation
-Supplychain
-Processing
-Imports
-Electrodematerial
Electrolytes
Separators/
membranes
CellmanufacturingModuleformationPackAssembly
Batterymanagement
systems
Electricvehicles
EnergyStorage
EOLcollection
Dismantlingandcollection
Source:GlobalEVOutlook,InternationalEnergyAgency,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
Figure4.6.ManufacturingcostandcomponentcostbreakupforLiB
8%
46%
Rawmaterial
component
cost
23%
■Cathode
■Manufacturing/Equipment
■Anode
Electrolyte
Separator
■Casing
■OtherCell
Materials
10%
■Rawmaterials
Labou
8%
Manufacturing
■Depreciation
cost
Maintainance&Repairs
77%
■Electricity
Source:JMK'sLithium-ionBattery(LiB)ManufacturingLandscapeInIndia,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
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Figure4.7.Installedandsanctioned
Infrastructurerequirementsforsetting
upanEVchargingstation
Landforchargingvehiclesandentryorexitofvehicles
Atransformer,substationequipmentandsafety
equipment
33/11KVcablesand
associatedequipmentforlineandmeters
Civilworksandinstallations
Installationofallcharger
modelsapprovedbylocalandinternationalstandards
Source:MinistryofHeavyIndustries,Gol,2022;CBREResearch,Q22023
InstalledandSanctionedChargingInfrastructureforEVs
InPhase-IoftheFAMEIndiaScheme,theMinistryofHeavyIndustriesinstalled479EVchargersagainstthesanctioned520.Further,2,877EVchargersin68citiesacross25states&UTsweresanctionedunder
Phase-lloftheFAMEIndiaScheme.Thestate-wisedetailsofinstalledandsanctionedEVchargersarementionedinfigure4.7.
EVchargersacrossstates/UTs
Jammu&Kashmir
25
HimachalPradesh
4870Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Mohali
Assam
50
20
16207
94
37
Sikkim
29
Meghalaya
40
Jharkhand
Gujarat
278
WestBenga
141
MadhyaPradesh
235
Chhattisgarh
25
●Pune
●Hyderabad
138
Goa
30
266
Karnataka
65172
Puducherry
10
Kerala
211
TamilNadu
281
AndhraPradesh
UttarPradesh
Telangana
Maharashtra
●Delhi-NCR
Rajasthan
910
Delhi-NCR
Haryana
Gurgaon
Odisha
Bihar
205
317
49
30
57
72
10
18
LEGEND
EVchargersinstalledunderPhase-IofFAMEIndiaScheme
EVchargerssanctionedunderPhase-llofFAMEIndiaScheme
Stateswithmorethan100EVchargerssanctioned
Stateswithlessthan100EVchargerssanctioned
EXISTINGKEYLiB
MANUFACTURING
CLUSTERS
Chennai
-
Mandal
Hyderabad
-
Delhi-NCR
Pune
-
Gurgaon
Prantij-Mohali
Surat
5Capitalisin
IntelligentInvestment
ElectricVehiclesinIndia-TheNewWheelsontheRoads
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H12023
2022
2021
2020
InvestmentsintheIndian
EVMarket
Bymakingtheshifttowardselectricmobility,theIndianEVindustryissteadilybecominganintegralpartoftheautomotivesector.Theyear2022witnessedstronginvestment
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