中考定語從句 全省一等獎

GrammarAttributiveClauses定語從句考點揭密在復合句中修飾名詞、代詞，并由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句稱為定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞(詞組成句子)稱為先行詞，初中教材著重介紹了關系代詞that,which,who，whom，whose所引導的定語從句。中考考點設置1.定語從句為新教材著重要求掌握的內(nèi)容，從2003年考題來看，全國均未作為重點考查項目，但定語從句的學習在中考選擇填空和完形填空題型中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，也是閱讀理解經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點。2.著重掌握引導詞的選用和語序，特別是一定的特定境況下只能用that,不能用which的情況

LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy

.形容詞作定語介詞短語作定語在復合句中，修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句作定語叫做定語從句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定語關系代詞如何引導定語從句普通代詞與關系代詞的區(qū)別Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.關系代詞：（如上例who/which）

1.代替先行詞;2.它還在定語從句中擔任一定的成分;3.同時連接先行詞與它引導的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來,注意主謂一致）

關系詞判斷步驟:

首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關系代詞可用

who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關系代詞可用which或that;

然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表指代所做成分是否可省略that人；物主語；賓語作賓語可省which物主語；賓語作賓語可省who人主語；賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose人；物定語不可省關系代詞的用法

最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致.

注:定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(敘述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時)(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過去時間)關系代詞

1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Theman(

who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.3.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproudof.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.注意:

固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關系代詞與介詞:

介詞放在關系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時,關系詞可以省略)關系代詞

4.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.它還可以同ofwhich互換，即：

whose+n.=then.+ofwhich1.Pleasepassmethebook.2.Thebook’scoverisgreen.

Pleasepassmethebookthecover

ofwhichisgreen.

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen1.YesterdayImetMrLi_________toldmethewholematter.2.Thisistheman______daughterisinmyclass.3.Thebook___________theysentmeisverygood.練一練who/that(which/that)whose

————關系副詞

關系副詞是用來引導定語從句的，它和關系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。

where:在從句中作地點狀語,指代地點.

when:

在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。1.Thehotelwasn’tclean.

+Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.2.I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.

I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.

但要注意在以下6種情況下,指物時用that不用which,who1.先行詞是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone

等時2.先行詞被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none

等修飾時①Ihavereadallthebooks(that)

yougaveme.②Everydictionarythat

ourlibraryboughtisgood.3.當先行詞前有形容詞的最高級修飾時①ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.4.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時,包括thelast.①Thefirstlessonthat

Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.②TheGreatWallisthelastplacethat

Mr.Smithisgoingtovisit

beforeheleavesBeijing.

5.在以which,who作主語的特殊疑問句中的定語從句中①Whoisthemanthat

isreadingabookthere?

②Whichisthemagazinethat

youborrowedfromthereadingroom?6.當先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的詞時①Wetalkedofthethingsandpersons

that

weremembered.注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用

who,不用that

先行詞是anyone,someone,those時，關系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?

Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987destroyedintheearthquake.改錯（在學習定語從句時常會出現(xiàn)以下的錯句）Thehousethattheybuiltin1987destroyedintheearthquake.

2.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms.改錯（在學習定語從句時常會出現(xiàn)以下的錯句）Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohasnoarms.

3.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.改錯（在學習定語從句時常會出現(xiàn)以下的錯句）Wehavedoneeverythingthatcanbedone.

4.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.改錯（在學習定語從句時常會出現(xiàn)以下的錯句）HeistheonlymanthatIknowinthecity.

5.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.改錯（在學習定語從句時常會出現(xiàn)以下的錯句）5.Look!Thetree(that/which)Jackisclimbingisquitetall.Exercise1:用關系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/that(which/that)who/that(which/that)5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當先行詞同時指人和物時，關系代詞只能用that.Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat當先行詞是something,anything,nothing,

all

等詞時，關系代詞只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat當先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關系代詞只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthem