中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)名詞課件

名詞nounsWhatanounisandwhatitdoes？AnountellsuswhatsomeoneorsomethingiscalledForexample,anouncanbethenameofaperson(John),ajobtitle(doctor)thenameofathing(radio),thenameofaplace(London),thenameofaquality(courage),orthenameofanaction(laughter/laughing)Nounsarethenameswegivetopeople,things,places,etcinordertoidentifythemManynounsareusedafteradeterminer,egathethisandoftencombinewithotherwordstoformanounphraseegthemanthemannextdoorthattallbuildingtheoldbroominthecupboardNounsandnounphrasesanswerthequestionsWho?orWhat?andmaybenounsthesubjectofaverb：動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)OuragentinCairosentatelexthismorning-thedirectobjectofaverb：動(dòng)詞的直接賓語(yǔ)FranksentanurgenttelexfromCairothismorning-theindirectobjectofaverb動(dòng)詞的間接賓語(yǔ)Franksenthisbossatelexnouns-theobjectofapreposition介詞的賓語(yǔ)Ireadaboutitinthepaper-thecomplementofbeorarelatedverblikeseem：be的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或與之相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞，如seemJaneForbesisourguest-used'inapposition'：用于“并列”LauraMyers,aBBCreporteraskedforaninterview-usedwhenwespeakdirectlytosomebody：當(dāng)我們直接和某人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)使用Carolineshutthatwindowwillyouplease?nounsCompoundnouns:ManynounsinEnglishareformedfromtwoparts(classroom!)or,lesscommonly,threeormore(son-in-lawstickinthemud)Sometimescompoundsarespeltwithahyphen,sometimesnotTheyareusuallypronouncedwiththestressonthefirstsyllable,butthereareexceptionsnotedbelownounsSingle-wordcompoundnounsTherearemanywordswhichwenolongerthinkofascompoundsatall,eventhoughtheyareclearlymadeupoftwowordsega'cupboarda'raincoata'saucepanthe'seasidea'typewriternounsNounsformedwithadjective+nounega'greenhousea'heavyweight'longhanda'redheadNotethedifferenceinmeaningwhenthesewordsarerearrangedasadjective+nouna'heavyweight(=aboxer)a'heavy'weight(=aweightthatisheavy)nounsNounsformedwithgerund+noun(動(dòng)名詞+名詞）eg'drinkingwatera'fryingpana'walkingstickThemeaningis'somethingwhichisusedfordoingsomething'egafryingpan(hyphenoptional,=apanthatisusedforfrying)Compareothering+nouncombinationswhicharenotcompoundnounsandwherethe-ingformisaparticipleusedasanadjectiveThesecombinationsarenot'fixed',arenotspeltwithahyphen,andarestressedinbothparts'boiling'water(=waterthatisboiling)nounsNounsformedwithnoun+gerund（名詞+動(dòng)名詞）eg'horse-riding'sightseeing'sunbathingHerethemeaningis'theactionof'horse-riding(=theactionof

ridingahorse)nounsNounsformedwithadverbparticlesThesecompoundnounsarecombinationsofverbsandadverbparticleseg'breakdown'income'makeupNounsformedwithnoun+nounWhentwonounsareusedtogethertoformacompoundnoun,thefirstnoun(nounmodifier)usuallyfunctionslikeanadjectiveandisnearlyalwaysinthesingularThisisthelargestcategoryofcompoundnounsanditcanbeconsideredunderseveralheadingsnounsCompoundnounsinplaceofphraseswith'ofega'carkeya'chairlega'doorknoba'typewriterkeyWhenwewanttosaythatone(non-living)thingispartofanother,wecanuseofthekeyofthecarHowever,thiscansoundratheremphaticsoweoftenuseacompoundnouninstead(egacarkey)forthingswhicharecloselyassociatednounsCompoundnounswhichrefertoplaceThefirstwordreferstoaplaceandthesecondwordtosomethingthatisinthatplaceBothwordsarecloselyassociatedandarestressedbutnothyphenatedegthe'bank'safea'personalcom'putera'kitchen'sinkAlsonoteplacenames'London'Airport'Moscow'Stadium,etcnounsCompoundnounswhichrefertostreetsandroadsWherethewordstreetoccurs,thestressisonthefirstsyllableeg'BakerStreet'OxfordStreetWherethewordroadoccurs,bothpartsarestressedeg'Canterbury'Roadthe'Oxford'roadCompoundplacenamesarenothyphenatednounsCompoundnounswhichtellusaboutpurposeega'bookcasea'canopenera'meetingpointa'sheepdogThesecondwordsuggestsauserelatingtothefirst(hyphennormallyoptional)Acanopeneris'adeviceforopeningcansnounsCompoundnounswhichtellusaboutmaterialsandsubstancesega'cotton'blousea'gold'watcha'plastic'raincoatThefirstwordreferstoasubstanceormaterial,thesecondtosomethingmadeofthatsubstanceormaterialnounsCompoundnounswhich'classifytypes'ega'horrorfilma'headlampa'seatbeltThefirstwordanswersthequestionWhatkindof?Thesecombinationscanbeextendedtopeopleandthethingstheydo,asina'booksellera'factoryworkera'taxidriverNotethedifferencebetweenan'Englishteacher(ieonewhoteachesEnglish)andanEnglish'teacher(ieonewhoisEnglish)Othercompoundsrefertopiecesofapparatusandwhatoperatesthem,asina'gasboilera'pressurecookera'vacuumcleanerNotethemanycombinationswithshopa'flowershopa'shoeshop,etcForcombinationslike'butchers(shop)nounsCompoundnounswhichreferto'containers'指代“容器”的復(fù)合名詞ega'biscuittina'coffeecupa'teapota'sugarbowlTheseconditemisdesignedtocontainthefirsnounsCompoundnounswhichrelatetotimeAnumberofcombinationsrelatespecificallytothetimeatwhichanactivitytakesplaceortoitsdurationeg'afternoon'tea'morning'coffeethe'Sunday'luncha'two-hour'walkAlsonoteothernounsrelatingtotimean'evening'dressa'night'nursenounsCompound