獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講解【優(yōu)質(zhì)PPT】

非謂語動(dòng)詞V-ing形式不定式過去分詞2021/5/911.非謂語中的主語和主句中的主語是一致的：2.但是獨(dú)立主格卻和主句主語不一樣,因此是獨(dú)立的主格.eg:Thewomanlookaroundtheshop,keepinganeyeonherbaby.Springcoming,theflowersarecomingout.Hearingtheexcitingnews,everybodywasexcited.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heisquitefamiliarwiththeplace.Thepolicemanenteredthedarkroom,guninhand.非謂語非謂語非謂語獨(dú)立主格獨(dú)立主格2021/5/92獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：形式：n\pron+其他成分（doing\done\todo\n.\adj.\adv\介詞短語）在語法上是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的短語，不是句子，在意思上依附于整個(gè)句子，相當(dāng)于狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、或伴隨等情況。ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.Thesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwithcold.Hesatinthechair,bookinhandandpipeinmouth.原因時(shí)間伴隨伴隨2021/5/93n.\pron.+doing/todo/done___________________(因?yàn)樗苷\實(shí)),welikehim.____________________,Ihadagoodrest.(所有的窗子都擦完了)_______________________,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.(正討論這個(gè)問題時(shí))HebeinghonestAllthewindowscleanedThequestionbeingdiscussed2021/5/94大多數(shù)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”來代替。1）Helaythere,hishandsbehindhishead.(=withhishandsbehindhishead)

非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：“名詞或代詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1.不定式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（表示還未發(fā)生的行為或狀態(tài)，在句中做原因狀語、條件狀語）Lotsofhomeworktobedone,Ihavetostayathome.2021/5/952.動(dòng)詞-ing形式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：如動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時(shí)，就要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（在句中常做時(shí)間狀語、原因、條件、方式狀語）1)表時(shí)間Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.2)表方式或伴隨Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.2021/5/96表原因Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.=Astheguideledtheway,……表?xiàng)l件：Weatherpermitting,wewillgoonanoutingtothebeachnow.(=Ifweatherpermits…)Suchbeingthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.(=Ifsuchisthecase…)2021/5/973.動(dòng)詞-ed形式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（是由邏輯主語+動(dòng)詞-ed形式構(gòu)成，常做時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件狀語）1)表時(shí)間Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.=Thetaskhavingbeencompleted…=Afterthetaskwascompleted,…2)表方式或伴隨Whenintrouble,Tomwouldsitalone,headbent.3)表原因Thousandsofeyesfixeduponher,Maryfeltonedge.2021/5/984).表?xiàng)l件Moretimeandmoneygiven,wecanfinishtheworkinadvance.(=Ifmoretimeandmoneyaregiven,……)

注意：不定式往往表示沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示已經(jīng)完成和被動(dòng)的行為2021/5/99Somanywindowstoclean,Ihadtodevotethewholeafternoon.Allthewindowscleaned,Ihadagoodrest.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussed,amancameupwithapracticalsolution.將要完成、被動(dòng)進(jìn)行2021/5/910獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being和havingbeen常省略1）。Thefootballmatch(being)over,crowdsofpeoplepouredoutintothestreet.2).Nobody(being)in,Ididn’tenterthehall.3).Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.4).Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.2021/5/911注意：1.)當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格中的beingdone表示“正在被做時(shí)”，being此時(shí)不可省。Foodbeingcooked,Ifellasleep.2).當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是it,there時(shí)，being常不省。

Itbeingfine,wecangotothebeach.Therebeingnotimeleft,wehadtospeedup.2021/5/912Whilewalkingontheplayground,_____.aballhitmeB.myheadwashitbyaballC.IwashitbyaballD.hewasbadlywounded2._____,hewentouttoplaybasketball.TheexercisedoneB.ontheexercisesC.HavingbeendonetheexercisesD.Theexerciseshavingfinished2021/5/9133._______,therewardwasgiventohim.A.BeinghonestB.AsanhonestboyC.HebeinghonestD.Hewashonest4.__________nobus,wehadtogohomebybus.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.Therewas5_____fine,wewentoutforapicnic.A.BeingB.ItbeingC.Itwas2021/5/9141如果天氣許可,我們就去參觀長(zhǎng)城。Weatherpermitting,we’llgotovisittheGreatWall.2他開著窗睡著了。Hefellasleepwiththewindowopen.3所有的書都賣光了,他們只好回家。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,hehadtogohome2021/5/9154房子里有兩個(gè)房間,小的那個(gè)當(dāng)書房There