高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧及練習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧及練習(xí)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧及練習(xí)#/81高考英語(yǔ)詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧與練習(xí)做閱讀理解，最怕遇到生詞，不僅影響文章的理解，也會(huì)拖慢閱讀速度，而在閱讀理解當(dāng)中，生詞又是不可防止的，如何解決呢？Parti：知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解類屬法即通過(guò)類屬來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.說(shuō)明：從句意我們知道 pineapples和coconuts與bananas,oranges是同類事物，同屬水果（準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是“菠蘿〞和“椰子〞）。推理法即根據(jù)文章的前后語(yǔ)境推出生詞的詞義。如：Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.說(shuō)明：既然一天之內(nèi)看不完所有的展品，那么 immense的意思應(yīng)該是“很大〃了。Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous.Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest.說(shuō)明：既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝〃，說(shuō)明她“很美麗〃（gorgeous）。列舉法即通過(guò)對(duì)文章所列舉的事物來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。如：Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.說(shuō)明：像 dogs和monkeys之類的“creatures,”顯然creatures的意思應(yīng)是“動(dòng)物”。Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNewWorker.“期說(shuō)明：periodical是生詞，但根據(jù)其后所列舉的例子， 我們可以推測(cè)出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。構(gòu)詞法即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞的詞義。如：Overworkmaycausediseases.說(shuō)明：前綴ove的意思是“過(guò)分的，過(guò)量的overwo的意思應(yīng)為“工作過(guò)度〃r- ”，rk故■Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager ’seyes.說(shuō)明：satisfied的意思是“滿意的〃，前綴dis-的意思是“不〃，故dissatisfied的意思應(yīng)該是“不滿意的〞。比照法即根據(jù)文章前后的比照關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如：Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.說(shuō)明：句中的but說(shuō)明deteriorate應(yīng)該與getbetter的意思相反，即 "惡化”。Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.說(shuō)明：上文說(shuō)兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的極端， 那么下文中penury應(yīng)與greatwealth相對(duì)，即表示“貧困〞。isloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.說(shuō)明：while表比照，意為“而〃，所以loquacious應(yīng)是silent的反義，即“多嘴的〃。Ifyouagree,drawacircle;andacrossifyoudissent.說(shuō)明：既然畫(huà)圈表示同意，那么畫(huà)叉便是“不同意〃（dissent）。同位法同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)所修飾詞語(yǔ)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋，假設(shè)對(duì)所修飾的詞語(yǔ)不熟悉，可通過(guò)其后同位語(yǔ)的“說(shuō)明或解釋〞來(lái)確定其詞義。如：Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.說(shuō)明：同位語(yǔ)thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage表示phonetics的意思應(yīng)該是“語(yǔ)音學(xué)〞。Jeanwasbornwithspinabifida,abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine（脊骨）.說(shuō)明：同位語(yǔ)abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine說(shuō)明了spinabifida是一種病，一種對(duì)脊骨有損害的病。釋義法即根據(jù)文章中所提供的釋義關(guān)系來(lái)確定生詞的詞義。如：Theydescribedhimasaloon,oramadman.說(shuō)明：句中的or是對(duì)100n的解釋，即100n與amadman同義，即表示“瘋子〃。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.說(shuō)明：句中的thatis說(shuō)明itwillbreakeasily是對(duì)brittle的解釋，從而猜測(cè)出其意為“脆〞。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout500yuanayear.說(shuō)明：定語(yǔ)從句wholooksaftersheep說(shuō)明herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。Therearethreekindsofsnow.Onekindisafluffysnowthatissomewhatdryandfeathery?說(shuō)明：定語(yǔ)從句thatissomewhatdryandfeathery（有點(diǎn)兒干、像羽毛似的）說(shuō)明fluffysnow的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪〞。常識(shí)法即根據(jù)普通常識(shí)推測(cè)生詞的詞義。如：It’ssaidthatlGatesBilisthemostaffluentpersonintheworld.說(shuō)明：根據(jù)常識(shí)， BillGates 為世界首富，所以 affluent可能是“富有的〃Asascientist,Edisonisveryfamousforhiscontrivances.說(shuō)明：根據(jù)常識(shí)， Edison為創(chuàng)造大王，他應(yīng)因 “創(chuàng)造〃而聞名于世。Part2：例題解析Eg1：Buthe’snervous＂I.’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould＂Chrisshouldtripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂Voteforme＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂ inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.【答案】A 【解析】此題考查詞義猜測(cè)。由第二段中提到的Christripsonthe-ld“〃，apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers以及exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell可知這里的劃線單詞stumbles指的是演講中的缺乏即前文提到的發(fā)音問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致的不適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD。故此題選A。Eg2：Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialization.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasE．ngSlpiasnhishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagra？ph2A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.【答案】C 根據(jù)第二段后半局部dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover,列舉的英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、中文等都是使用人數(shù)較多等語(yǔ)言，所以選擇powerful。Eg3：Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa-serve"soft”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.3.Whatis“ajuicer〞inthelastparagraph?

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.【答案】D 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知孩子們喜歡把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到機(jī)器的上部，然后看到冰淇淋從下面出來(lái)，可以推斷出ajuicer是一臺(tái)機(jī)器，應(yīng)選D。Eg4：Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.doestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher“inparagraph2referto?tube.still.hole.cup.【答案】B 根據(jù)Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity可知最好在潮濕的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率?！敖铀鳕曋傅氖窃诔睗竦牡胤酵诙?，在洞的底部放一個(gè)杯子，杯子上方用膜覆蓋，整個(gè)裝置構(gòu)成接水器，而不是某個(gè)局部。這一題很容易錯(cuò)選D,但是就算在枯燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事實(shí)并不會(huì)因?yàn)橹車h(huán)境的變化而變化，杯子的工作效率是不變的。應(yīng)選 B。Part3：課后練習(xí)Exercise1ThiswasthetemperatureinBanak,NorwayonJuly30,thoughsomeNorwegianareasevenreachedacoupledegreeswarmer,accordingtotheEuropeanSevereWeatherDatabase.BanaksitsatopnorthernEurope,over350milesabovethebottomedgeoftheArcticCircle.TheNorthernHemisphereandEuropeitselfhavebeenrepeatedlyscorchedbybothrecordandnear-recordtemperaturesthissummerasaconsequenceofoverallrisingglobaltemperatures.Inthepast40years,Earth'sclimatehasexperiencedanacceleratedwarmingtrend,whichaddsanextralevelofbackgroundwarmingtohotspell—makingheatwavesmoreextreme,sclimatescientistshavesaid.1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace theunderline “sc〞dword orched?A．Burned. B．AchieveC．Scored.D．Reached.d.答案與解析： A考查詞義猜測(cè)?！癟heNorthernHemisphereandEuropeitselfhave根據(jù)beenrepeatedlyscorchedbybothrecordandnear-recordtemperatures...可知，今〞年夏天，由于全球氣溫總體上升，北半球和歐洲自身不斷受到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄和接近創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄氣溫的炙烤。因此，畫(huà)線詞的意思是“燒傷；燒焦〃，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Exercise2Inanewreviewofpreviouslypublishedstudies,researchersfromGermanyandDenmarktookalookatthewaysinwhichnoises,suchasanairplanepassingbyorjackhammerdiggingintheground,canaffectourhearts.Perhapsthemostobviousimpactofaloudsoundwhileyouaresleepingisthatitcanwakeyouup.But,evenifyoudon'trememberhearingthenoiseoryoudon'tphysicallygetoutofbed,itcandisruptyouinwaysyoumaynotrealize.2.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“disrupt?〞A．Defeat. B．Harm.C．Affect.D．Discourage.答案與解析： B 考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的 “But,evenif youdon'trememberhearingthenoiseoryoudon'tphysicallygetoutofbed,itcandisruptyouinwaysyoumaynotrealize可〃知，但是，即使你忘記曾聽(tīng)到這樣的噪聲或者你并沒(méi)有起床，噪聲仍然以你覺(jué)察不到的方式對(duì)你造成傷害，應(yīng)選 B項(xiàng)。Exercise3SchooluniformsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheU.S.A.That'snosurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.Theyimmediatelyendthepowerfulsocialsortingandlabeling（標(biāo)t己）thatcomefromclothing.Ifallstudentsaredressedinthesameway,theywinnotpaytoomuchattentiontotheirclothing,andsomeofthemwillnotbelaughedatforwearingthe"wrong'clothes.3.InParagraph1,theword"benefits"probablymeans .A.tasksB.messagesC.differencesD.advantages【答案】D 猜測(cè)詞義。從下文看，作者例數(shù)校服的諸 顯然“benifits"在此有"優(yōu)點(diǎn)，多好處，好處”之義。其他三詞 七@$卜$（任務(wù)），messages（信息），differences（不同），意思相差甚遠(yuǎn)。Exercise4Now,itistimetorealizethatanimalshavethesamerighttolifeaswedoandthatthereisnothingfairorrightaboutapersonwithagunshootingtheharmlessandbeautifulcreatures.Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.If,astheywouldhaveyoubelieve,gun-carryingandkillingimprovehumancharacter,thenperhapsweshouldencouragewar.4：Theunderlinedwor