全高考必考語法：介詞-有解析

高考必考語法：介詞-有解析高考必考語法精講精練語法專題四：介詞介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。它是高考必考點之一?！?017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語法項目表中對介詞考查列了一項：介詞和介詞短語。介詞在句子中不能單獨使用，只能與名詞、代詞等構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語、后置定語、表語和補語等。2015年高考全國卷Ⅰ第66題（語法填空）考查了介詞短語bycar乘汽車；第74題（短文改錯）考查了介詞短語withthedevelopmentof隨著......的發(fā)展。2016年高考全國卷Ⅰ第64題（語法填空）考查了介詞短語gobackto回到；第78題（短文改錯）考查了介詞短語dreamof夢想。2017年高考全國卷Ⅰ第61題（語法填空）考查了介詞as表示"作為"；第68題（語法填空）考查了介詞by后面接v-ing；第80題考查了介詞短語inthemiddleof里的介詞of。I.高考英語短文改錯及語法填空考點分析及訓(xùn)練·介詞考點規(guī)律分析：短文改錯對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動詞后接賓語時誤加介詞和在不及物動詞后接賓語時漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習(xí)語中的介詞用法等。語法填空主要涉及介詞的選擇。介詞單句改錯之真題訓(xùn)練：1.Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar.2.Suddenlywecaughtsightatacarandsomemen.3.WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.4.Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.5.Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.6.…andsomebooks,forexample,booksforhistory,science,cookingandgardeningarealsopopular.7.Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.8.Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation.9.Infact,theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear.10.Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.11.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.12.Unfortunately,therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.13.Iwashappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalottimearguing…14.ThanksverymuchoninvitingmetoyourbirthdaypartyonSunday.15.SoI'mreallysorrythatIwon'tbeabletocomeinthistime.16.…butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.17.Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouro'clockinthemorning.18.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.19.Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.20.Ifeelsorrytohim.21.Becausesomuchviewing,childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadingandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.22.Ononeyeartheaveragechildwillsee25,000televisioncommercials…23.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese…24.I'msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.25.YoucanfindallkindsinformationinjustafewminutesontheInternet.26.ButIhavespentlotsmymoney,…27.…youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors'Club…28.Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.介詞單句改錯之模擬訓(xùn)練：1.Wemustserveforthepeopleheartandsoul.2.Ifollowedthemanforawhile,andsawhimenterintothebank.3.SoonthenursemarriedwithmyfriendJim.4.Itookagreatmanyofphotographsinthemountains.5.InEnglishclass,weoftentalkeachotherinEnglish.6.Don'ttalk.Whatthemansaysiswellworthlistening.7.Thechairlookshard,butitiscomfortabletosit.8.Shewasverykindandinsistedlendinghercartous.9.IaskedtoherwhatshewouldbedoingonSaturday.10.Areyougladtobegoingtobacktoschool?11.Onhiswaytohome,hemetoneofhisoldfriendsJack.12.Pleaseclosethedooratnexttimeyoucomein.13.Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideineveryyear.14.Wecanfinishtheworkeitherthisweekorinnextweek.15.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadtakingtheelevator.16.Wecouldnothaveheardthembecausethenoisefromtheriver.17.Don'tbeangrytomefornothavingwritten—Iwasreallytoobusy.18.I'vereadalotbooksaboutanimals.19.Heinvitedustodinner,whichwasverykindforhim.20.IknewthattherewasnohopeonthemomentIsawhim.21.Don'tgobyplane.It'salotofmoreexpensive.22.Exceptmilkandcheese,weallneedvegetables.23.Onmywayback,IcalledatMrSmithathisoffice.介詞單句改錯之提升訓(xùn)練：1.Hisfatherhasbeenillonbedfortwoyears.2.Duringthesummervacation,heworkedinthefarm.3.Heisveryfondoffootballandheisintheschoolfootballteam.4.Ihavemaderapidprogressunderthehelpofmyteacher.5.Don'treadunderthestronglight.6.ThekillerranawaytothedirectionofBeijing.7.HelivesonNo.124.WuyiRoad.8.Heisveryangrytohissonforhisfailingintheexam.9.Hehitmeontheface.10.Heisstricttomeinmywork.11.Thebottleisfilledofthegas.12.LondonstandstotheThames.13.Hismothertookprideofhisgreatachievements.14.Therearetwowindowsonthewall.15.Onthewayhome,IfoundIhadlostthekeyofthedoor.16.Wearetryingtofindtheansweroftheproblem.17.Youarerequiredtowriteyourstorywithyourownwords.18.Withwhatlanguagedidshemakethespeech?19.Heisthecleverestinallthestudents.20.Ataclearnight,hewentoutinsearchofthegold.21.HehadanEnglishpartyatChristmasEve.22.Womenshouldbeequalwithmen.23.Heisblindonbothhiseyes.24.UncleTomisfamousashisskillincooking.25.Hewillcomebackafterfiveweeks.26.Hesaidthathehadmetusmanyyearsago.27.Heisthetallestbetweenthefourofus.28.Icalledonmyuncle'slastnight.29.Itisverycleverforadogtosaveitsowner.30.Youshouldbebewaretodangers.介詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1．Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.______short，he'sreliable.2．Inaddition________theschool，thevillagehasaclinic，whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.3．Thedictionaryisofdate：manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.4．Myconnectionwithpandasgoesback________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s.5.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreams_______becomingrichinashortperiodoftime.6．Mostofusaremorefocused_______ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.7.Areyouinterested________becomingamusicianandgettingarecordingcontract(合同)?8.Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatest________thebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.9.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.10.NowIamleavinghome__________college.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.11.Inhighschool,Ibecamecurious________thecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.12.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoney________acause.13.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda________morethantwoyears.14.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantage________theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.15.Shelly－Annisalittlewoman________abigsmile.Shehasmentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.16.TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.17.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves________halfanhour.18.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistolive________harmonywithnature.19.Thewholeteamcount________CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.20.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut________ThomasEdison.21.Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea?22.Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable._______contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.23.Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappeal_____ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.24.Thesecommentscameinresponse_____specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.25.Thismeetingroomisanonsmokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou_____advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.參考答案及解析如果有不解的地方，留言區(qū)提問，我一定會認真解答介詞單句改錯之真題訓(xùn)練：1.in改為on，insiston為固定搭配2.at改為of，catchsightof是習(xí)語，意為"看見"3.go后加for，goforawalk是習(xí)語4.to改為with，要表示對某人生氣，英語習(xí)慣上用beangrywithsb5.去掉for，因其前的get是及物動詞6.booksfor改為bookson，此處的on意為"關(guān)于"7.去掉about或?qū)bout改為that，因動詞knew后可直接跟賓語從句，無需用介詞8.for改為of，注意句型It'skindofsbtodosth9.去掉in，在由next,this,last等構(gòu)成的時間短語中，一般可直接用作時間狀語，無需加in,on,at這樣的介詞10.去掉for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞11.instead后加of，insteadof為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示"而不是"12.among改為in，inmyfamily意為"在我家里"13.alot后加of，因alot不能直接修飾名詞14.on改為for，thanksfordoingsth意為"因某事而感謝某人"15.去掉in，因thistime可直接用作狀語16.去掉about，因about后沒有接賓語，about屬多余17.去掉on，因onenight可直接用作狀語18.去掉at，themoment在此用作連詞，相當(dāng)于assoonas19.去掉in，spend是及物動詞，其后可直接跟名詞作賓語20.to改為for，be/feelsorryforsb意為"為某人感到難過"21.Because后加of，因somuchviewing相當(dāng)于名詞22.On改為In，意為"在一年中"23.去掉that前的in，was后是一個以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，in是多余的24.to改為at，laughat意為"嘲笑"25.kinds后加of，akindof意為"一種……"，allkindsof…意為"各種各樣的……"26.lots后加of，lots/alot后不能接名詞；后接名詞時，要用lotsof…，alotof…27.去掉in，表示"參加，加入"某個組織，join后不要再加介詞in；表示"參加"某項活動時，才加in28.on改為in，因為havesthincommon是固定搭配，意為"有共同的……"介詞單句改錯之模擬訓(xùn)練：1.去掉for，serve表示"為……服務(wù)"，是及物動詞，后接賓語時無需用介詞。2.去掉into，enter表示"進入"時，是及物動詞，后接賓語時無需用介詞。3.去掉with，marry表示"與……結(jié)婚"時，是及物動詞，后接賓語時無需用介詞。4.去掉of，agreatmany后可直接跟名詞，無需用介詞。但若其后的名詞有the,these,my等表特指的限定詞，則要用介詞of，如agreatmanyofmyfriends。5.talk后加to，因talk為不及物動詞。6.listening后加to，因whatthemansays是listento的邏輯賓語。7.sit后加on或in，因為從邏輯上說就是siton/inthechair。8.insisted后加on，insist后可接從句作賓語，但不接名詞、代詞、動名詞等作賓語，遇此情況應(yīng)用insiston。9.去掉to，因ask是及物動詞，后接賓語時無需用介詞。10.去掉back前的to，因back是副詞，其前不用介詞。11.去掉home前的to，因home是副詞，其前不用介詞。12.去掉at，因nexttime在此用作連詞，意為"下次"。13.去掉in，everyyear可直接用作狀語，其前無需用介詞。14.去掉in，nextweek可直接用作狀語，其前無需用介詞。15.instead后加of，insteadof為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示"而沒有"。16.because后加of，因其后接的是名詞，而不是句子。17.to改為with，要表示"對某人生氣"，用beangrywithsb，不用beangrytosb。18.alot后加of，alotof意為"許多"。19.for改為of，為itisverykindofsb的變體。20.去掉on，themoment在此用作連詞，意為"一……就"。21.去掉of，alot修飾比較級，alotof修飾名詞。22.Except改為Besides。比較：except表示"除……外，不再有"，besides表示"除……外，還有"。23.at改為on。比較：callat后接某地方，callon后接某人。介詞單句改錯之提升訓(xùn)練：1.on改為in。inbed為固定用法，表示"臥床休息"。2.in改為on。3.in改為on。ontheteam為固定用法。4.under改為with。withthehelpof表示"在……的幫助下"。5.under改為in。"在……光線下"正確表示方法為in…light。6.to改為in。inthedirectionof…表示"朝……方向"之意。7.on改為at。8.to改為with。表示"對某人生氣"應(yīng)用beangrywithsb.。9.on改為in。10.to改為with。bestrictwithsb.表示"對某人要求嚴格"；bestrictinsth.表示"對某事要求嚴格"。11.of改為with。注意這兩個詞組的介詞搭配befullof，befilledwith。12.to改為on。表示"在河的邊沿"，用on。13.of改為in。注意兩個詞組的介詞搭配takepridein，beproudof14.on改為in。15.of改為to。thekeytothedoor為固定搭配。16.of改為to。theanswertotheproblem為固定搭配。17.with改為in。18.With改為In。19.in改為of。表比較的對象用of。表比較地點范圍用in，如：inmyclass,inChina20.At改為On。On指具體所指的一天晚上。21.at改為on。注意比較：atChristmas22.with改為to。Beequalto（相等的、均等的）為固定搭配。23.on改為in。表示眼睛瞎了要用介詞in/of。24.as改為for。befamousfor表示"因某事出名",befamousas表示"因某種身份出名"。25.after改為in。表"將來一段時間之后"，用in。26.ago改為before。ago以現(xiàn)在為起點，如：fivedaysago。而before以過去某個時間為起點，如：beforeliberation27.between改為among。between只能指"兩者之間"。28.on改為at。myuncle's是"我叔叔家"的意思。29.for改為of。如果形容詞表示不定式邏輯主語的品質(zhì)，性格的話，用of。30.to改為of。Bebewareof…(當(dāng)心…)為固定搭配。介詞單句語法填空之真題訓(xùn)練：1．In[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：那個年輕人誠實而且善于合作，總是在你需要幫助的時候出現(xiàn)。總之，他是可靠的。]2．to[句意：除了學(xué)校之外，這個村子也有診所，也是政府資助建設(shè)的。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，尤其是"also"提示，可知用inadditi