2023年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題Thecropwasseverely（）bytherecentheavydrought.問題1選項A.infectedB.afflictedC.affectedD.inflicted2.單選題Manypoliticiansandthegreen-energylobbyistsclaimweshould（）aheadgreenenergybecauseitwillcreatenewemployment.問題1選項A.boomB.forgeC.expatriateD.pitch3.單選題David（）hiscompany’ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperseveringhardwork.問題1選項A.pledgedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.attributed4.單選題Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods（11）televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13），ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh.（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkswages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.問題1選項A.whichB.thatC.thisD.what問題2選項A.lowerB.raiseC.decreaseD.increase問題3選項A.costB.priceC.valueD.spending問題4選項A.fightB.payC.offerD.finance問題5選項A.outB.offC.onD.away問題6選項A.compensateB.offsetC.exchangeD.accomplish問題7選項A.expandB.spendC.extendD.explore問題8選項A.respondB.returnC.meetD.spend問題9選項A.excessivelyB.automaticallyC.timelyD.exceedingly問題10選項A.WhetherB.IfC.ThoughD.Forfearthat問題11選項A.likeB.ofC.asD.except問題12選項A.plentyB.complyC.satisfyD.supply問題13選項A.NeverthelessB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Furthermore問題14選項A.uninterestingB.interestingC.interestedD.interest問題15選項A.shouldincreaseB.increasedC.increaseD.beincreased問題16選項A.restrictB.imposeC.coverD.protest問題17選項A.controllerB.consumerC.employerD.manager問題18選項A.InB.AtC.OnD.By問題19選項A.createB.inventC.discoverD.result問題20選項A.insufficientB.processingC.productiveD.excessive5.單選題ItisnothingnewthatEnglishuseisontherisearoundtheworld,especiallyinbusinesscircles.ThisalsohappensinFrance,theheadquartersoftheglobalbattleagainstAmericanculturalhegemony.IfFrenchguysaregivingintoEnglish,somethingreallybigmustbegoingon.Andsomethingbigisgoingon.Partly,it’sthatAmericanhegemony.DidierBenchimol,CEOofaFrenche-commercesoftwarecompany,feelscompelledtospeakEnglishperfectlybecausetheInternetsoftwarebusinessisdominatedbyAmericans.HeandotherFrenchbusinessmenalsohavetospeakEnglishbecausetheywanttogettheirmessageouttoAmericaninvestors,possessorsoftheworld’sdeepestpockets.ThetriumphofEnglishinFranceandelsewhereinEuropehowever,mayrestonsomethingmoreenduring.Astheybecomeentwinedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically,Europeansneedawaytotalktooneanotherandtotherestoftheworld.Andforanumberofreasons,they’vedecideduponEnglishastheircommontongue.SowhenGermanchemicalandpharmaceuticalcompanyHoechstmergedwithFrenchcompetitorRhone-Poulenclastyear,thecompanieschosethevaguelyLatinateAventisasthenewcompanyname—andsettledonEnglishasthecompany'scommonlanguage.WhenmonetarypolicymakersfromaroundEuropebeganmeetingattheEuropeanCentralBankinFrankfurtlastyeartosetinterestratesforthenewEuroland,theyheldtheirdeliberationsinEnglish.EventheEuropeanCommission,with11officiallanguagesandatraditionallyFrench-speakingbureaucracy,effectivelyswitchedovertoEnglishasitsworkinglanguagelastyear.Howdidthishappen?OneschoolattributesEnglish’sgreatsuccesstothesheerweightofitsmerit.It’saGermaniclanguage,broughttoBritainaroundthefifthcenturyA.D.DuringthefourcenturiesofFrench-speakingrulethatfollowedNormanConquestof1066,thelanguagemorphedintosomethingelseentirely.Frenchwordswereaddedwholesale,andmostofthecomplicationsofGermanicgrammarwereshedwhilefewofthecomplicationsofFrenchwereadded.Theresultisalanguagewithahugevocabularyandasimplegrammarthatcanexpressmostthingsmoreefficientlythaneitherofitsparents.What'smore,Englishhasremainedungovernedandopentochange----foreignwords,coinages,andgrammaticalshifts—inawaythatFrench,ruledbythepuristAcademicFrancaise,hadnot.Soit’saswelllanguage,especiallyforbusiness.ButtheriseofEnglishoverthepastfewcenturiesclearlyowesatleastasmuchtohistoryandeconomiesastothelanguage’sabilitytoeconomicallyexpresstheconceptwin-win.Whathappenedisthatthecompetition——firstLatin,thenFrench,thenbriefly,German----fadedwiththewaningofthepolitical,economicandmilitaryfortunesof,respectively,theCatholicChurch,France,andGermany.Allalong,Englishwasincreasinginimportance:BritainwasthebirthplaceoftheIndustrialRevolution,andLondontheworld'smostimportantfinancialcenter,whichmadeEnglishakeylanguageforbusiness.England’scoloniesaroundtheworldalsomadeitthelanguagewiththemostglobalreach.AndasthatformercolonytheU.S.rosetothestatusoftheworld’spreeminentpolitical,economic,military,andculturalpower,Englishbecametheobvioussecondlanguagetolearn.Inthe1990smoreandmoreEuropeansfoundthemselvesforcedtouseEnglish.Thelastgenerationofbusinessandgovernmentleaderswhohadn'tstudiedEnglishinschoolwasleavingthestage.TheEuropeanCommunitywasaddingnewmembersandevolvingfromapaper-shufflingclubintoaseriousregionalgovernmentthatwouldneedasinglecommonlanguageifitwereevertogetanythingdone.Meanwhile,economicbarriersbetweenEuropeannationshavebeendisappearing,meaningthatmoreandmorecompaniesarebeginningtolookatthewholecontinentastheirdomesticmarket.AndthentheInternetcamealong.TheNethadtwobigimpacts.Onewasthatitwasanexciting,potentiallylucrativenewindustrythathaditsrootsintheU.S.,soifyouwantedtogetinonit,youhadtospeaksomeEnglish.TheotherwasthatbysurfingtheWeb,EuropeanswhohadpreviouslyencounteredEnglishonlyinschoolandinpopsongswerenowcomingintocontactwithitdaily.NoneofthismeansEnglishhastakenoverEuropeanlife.AccordingtotheEuropeanUnion,47%ofWesternEuropeans(includingtheBritishandIrish)speakEnglishwellenoughtocarryonaconversation.That’salotmorethanthosewhocanspeakGerman(32%)orFrench(28%),butitstillmeansmoreEuropeansdon’tspeakthelanguage.Ifyouwanttosellshampooorcellphones,youhavetodoitinFrenchorGermanorSpanishorGreek.EventheU.S.andBritishmediacompaniesthatstandtobenefitmostfromthespreadofEnglishhavebeenhedgingtheirbets-CNNbroadcastsinSpanish;theFinancialTimeshasrecentlylaunchedadailyGerman-languageedition.ButjustlookatwhospeaksEnglish:77%ofWesternEuropeancollegestudents,69%ofmanagers,and65%ofthoseaged15to24.InthesecondaryschoolsoftheEuropeanUnion’snon-English-speakingcountries,91%ofstudentsstudyEnglish,allofwhichmeansthatthetransitiontoEnglishasthelanguageofEuropeanbusinesshasn’tbeenallthattraumatic,andit’sonlygoingtogeteasierinthefuture.1.Intheauthor'sopinion,whatreallyunderliestherisingstatusofEnglishinFranceandEuropeis（）.2.EuropeansbegantofavourEnglishforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTits（）.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsforecaststhecontinuousriseofEnglishinthefuture?4.Thepassagemainlyexaminesthefactorsrelatedto（）.

問題1選項A.AmericandominanceintheInternetsoftwarebusinessB.therecenttrendforforeigncompaniestomergewitheachotherC.Europeans'eagernesstodobusinesswithAmericanbusinessmenD.apracticalneedforeffectivecommunicationamongEuropeans問題2選項A.disassociationfrompoliticalchangesB.associationwiththebusinessworldC.linkswiththeUnitedStatesD.inherentlinguisticproperties問題3選項A.AbouthalfofWesternEuropeansarenowproficientinEnglish.B.MostsecondaryschoolstudentsinEuropestudyEnglish.C.U.S.andBritishmediacompaniesareoperatinginWesternEurope.D.MostEuropeanscontinuetousetheirownlanguage.問題4選項A.thepreferenceforEnglishbyEuropeanbusinessB.Englishlearninginnon-English-speakingE.U.nationsC.therisingstatusofEnglishinEuropeD.theswitchfromFrenchtoEnglishintheEuropeanCommission6.單選題Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.問題1選項A.perniciousB.prevalentC.preventiveD.perpetual7.單選題Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe’dnevermarriedhim.問題1選項A.incompatibleB.insensibleC.inseparableD.insolvable8.單選題Itisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanbeatruly（）observerofevents.問題1選項A.geniusB.impassiveC.inadequateD.impartial9.單選題Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto（）fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.問題1選項A.divertB.changeC.convertD.derive10.單選題Thestudyshowsthatlayingtoomuchemphasisonexamsislikelyto（）students'enthusiasminlearningEnglish.問題1選項A.holdoutB.holdoffC.holddownD.holdback第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。infect“感染”；afflict“折磨；使痛苦”；affect“影響”；inflict“造成；給與（打擊）等”。crop“莊稼”與heavydrought“嚴重干旱”之間的聯(lián)系是：后者影響前者。因此選項C符合題意。2.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項boom“使興旺；發(fā)隆隆聲；急速發(fā)展；用低沉的聲音講話；鳴叫”；B選項forge“鍛造，鑄造；締造，艱苦做成；偽造；穩(wěn)步前進，勻速移動”；C選項expatriate“移居國外，定居國外；流放，放逐”；D選項pitch“投擲；投（球）；觸地；擊高球；重跌；顛簸；使傾斜；確定標準”。句意：許多政客和綠色能源游說者聲稱我們應該大力發(fā)展綠色能源，因為它將創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機會。本句表示“興旺綠色能源可以創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機會”，因此A選項正確。3.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。pledge“保證；許諾”；contribute“貢獻，出力”；acknowledge“承認，答謝”；attribute“歸屬；把……歸于”。根據(jù)關鍵詞success可知空格處的意思是“將成功歸功于……”，因此選項D符合題意。4.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A第6題:B第7題:A第8題:C第9題:B第10題:B第11題:A第12題:C第13題:D第14題:D第15題:D第16題:C第17題:B第18題:A第19題:A第20題:D【解析】1.考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空格處缺少一個引導定語從句的引導詞，先行詞是economiccondition，介詞后面的定語從句引導詞不能用that，因此選項A符合題意。2.考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動詞應該與decrease相反，所以選項D符合題意。3.考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)并列連詞or可知其前后的內容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney應該與purchasingpower意思相近，因此選項C符合題意。4.考查動詞詞義辨析。fight“與……打仗”；pay“支付”；offer“提供”；finance“負擔經(jīng)費”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的錢），可知前面是花錢在戰(zhàn)爭上，因此financeawar符合題意。5.考查詞組辨析。carryout“實施”；carryoff“奪去，奪得”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；carryaway“運走，使失去自制力”。與socialprogram搭配的動詞詞組是carryout，所以選項A符合題意。6.考查固定搭配。compensate“補償，賠償”；offset“抵消；補償”；exchange“交換”；accomplish“完成，實現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補財政赤字”為固定搭配，選項B符合題意。7.考查動詞詞義辨析。expand“擴張”；spend“度過，花費”；extend“延伸”；explore“探索”。根據(jù)后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴大紙幣供應，因此選項A符合題意。8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務”的固定搭配，選項C符合題意。9.考查副詞詞義辨析。excessively“過分地”；automatically“自動地”；timely“及時地”；exceedingly“非常；極其”。空格處所在句子的大意是：貨幣供應量的增加將會導致貨幣價值自動下降。因此選項B符合題意。10.考查條件狀語從句。根據(jù)后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用將來時態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個條件狀語從句，因此選項B符合題意。11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods，前者是對后者具體的舉例說明，因此選項A符合題意。12.考查詞義辨析。plenty“足夠的”；comply“遵守，遵從”；satisfy“滿足，說服”；supply“供給，提供”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會以更高的價格生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品”，to表目的，“為了滿足需求”，選項C符合題意。13.考查邏輯關系。根據(jù)ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人們認為快銷產(chǎn)品的價格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個遞進的關系，因此選項D符合題意。14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，選項D符合題意。15.考查虛擬語氣。demand后接賓語從句時，從句的謂語一般要用虛擬語氣：should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages與動詞increase之間是被動關系，因此要用被動式，選項D符合題意。16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費用”是固定用法，選項C符合題意。17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”；consumer“消費者，用戶”；employer“老板，雇主”；manager“經(jīng)理，管理人員”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a(chǎn)方為滿足要求會將生產(chǎn)成本加在消費者身上，因此選項B符合題意。18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來，總之”是固定用法，選項A符合題意。19.考查動詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有這些因素都可能導致通貨膨脹問題），四個選項中A與D都有“導致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項A符合題意。20.考查詞義辨析。insufficient“不足的”；processing“加工”；productive“能生產(chǎn)的”；excessive“過多的”。文章講述了導致通貨膨脹的三個因素，第二段第二句話Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知選項D符合題意。5.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，真正使英語在法國和歐洲地位上升的原因是什么？”文章第三段第二句話提到“隨著他們在政治和經(jīng)濟上的相互交織，歐洲人需要一種方式與他人和世界其他國家對話”（Astheybecomeentwinedwitheachotherpoliticallyandeconomically,Europeansneedawaytotalktooneanotherandtotherestoftheworld），由此可知選項D“歐洲人之間高效交流的實際需要”符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“歐洲人選擇英語的原因除了以下哪一項？”文章第五段第二句話提到“一種觀點將英語的巨大成功歸功于它自身的優(yōu)點”(OneschoolattributesEnglish'sgreatsuccesstothesheerweightofitsmerit)，由此可知選項D“固有的語言屬性”是原因之一，可以排除；文章第六段第二句話提到英語在過去幾個世紀的崛起在很大程度上歸功于歷史和經(jīng)濟(ButtheriseofEnglishoverthepastfewcenturiesclearlyowesatleastasmuchtohistoryandeconomiesastothelanguage'sabilitytoeconomicallyexpresstheconceptwin-win)，由此可知選項B“與經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系”是原因之一，可以排除；文章第六段最后一句話提到隨著美國這個前殖民地在政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事和文化上的崛起，英語顯然成了第二語言(Andasthat