2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試卷（含答案）

2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試卷

學(xué)校:姓名：班級:考號：

一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththe

properformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Areexclamationmarksnecessary?!

Punctuationissoimportantinwritingthatitisoneofthefirstthingsyoulearninschool.

Itisauniversalcodewithdifferentmarkstohelpwiththemeaningof1isbeing

written.Asisknowntous,it2indicatetheendofasentence,aquestionor—in

theexclamationmark'scase—astrongemotion.Withoutanexclamationmarkinthecorrect

place,awarningroadsignmightread,“Childrenpleasedriveslowly"34

"Children!Pleasedriveslowly^^.

Anexclamationmarkisavalidformofpunctuation5origincanbetraced

backtoa14thcenturyItalianscholar.Theexclamationmarkinformsthereaderthatthereare

strongfeelingsinthewords.Althoughitisuptothereader6(grasp)exactlywhat

thatemotionis,it'sausefulsignal.Also,exclamationmarksonroadsignshelptokeep

peoplesafe.AspunctuationexpertPhilipCowellwrites,“There'sameaningfuldifference

between'duck'and'duck!'"Ofcourse,usingthemtoomuch7(make)exclamation

markslosetheirpurposebutthatdoesn'tmeantheyareuseless.

However,8mattershowpunctuationisused.Somewritersarguethat

exclamationmarksarenevertrulynecessary.FamousauthorTerryPratchettwritesthat

someonewhousesmultipleexclamationmarksislikelytowear"underpantsonhishead^^.

Perhapsthisisbecausetheyseemshoutyandforced,9(give)awayawriter'sneed

totellthereaderhowtoreadasentence.It9s10(good)toleavethemoutandlet

thereaderreacttothewordsontheirownterms.Agoodwritercancreateemotionswithjust

wordsandsentences,Hthafsfear,wonderorjoy.Exclamationmarksmakethe

writerseemdesperateandcanbetiringtoread.Onewriterdescribedthemas“thecockroach

ofthepunctuationworld”,meaningtheyareeverywhere,andtheyarepests.

二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補(bǔ)全短文

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.manuallyB.alternativeC.approachesD.trainedE.promiseF.

sorting

G.categoriesH.advancedI.potentiallyJ.equivalentK.anticipating

WillAIbethefirsttodiscoverEToralienlife?FromthehillsofWestVirginiatothe

flatsofruralAustralia,someoftheworld'slargesttelescopesarelisteningfbrsignalsfrom

distantaliencivilizations.Thesearchfor地球夕卜的)intelligence,knownas

SETI,isanefforttofindsignalsthatmighthavecomefroma(n)[2civilization

inafar-awaysolarsystem.Machinelearning,asubsetofartificialintelligence(AI),isusedto

helpastronomersquicklyfilterthevastamountsofdata.AsAIreshapesmanyscientificfields,

what13doesitholdforthesearchforlifebeyondEarth?

“ItisanewerafbrSETIresearchthatisopeningupthankstomachine-learning

technology,saysFranckMarchis,aplanetaryastronomerattheSETIInstituteinMountain

View,California.Whenitcomestoanalyzingdata,goingthroughmillionsofobservations

14isn'tpractical.Acommon15methodistousealgorithms(算法)

thatlookfbrsignalsmatchingastronomers9expectation.Butthosealgorithmscanoverlook

16interestingsignalsthatareslightlydifferentfromwhatastronomersare

expecting.

WhenitcomestoAI,machine-learningalgorithmsare17onlargeamounts

ofdataandcanlearntorecognizetheEarthlyinterference.Thus,itmakesthemverygoodat

18outthenoise.Machinelearningisalsogoodatpickinguptheextraterrestrial

signalsthatdon'tfallintoconventional19andsomighthavebeenmissedby

earliermethods,saysDanWerthimer,aSETIscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,

Berkeley.PeterMa,amathematicianandphysicistattheUniversityofToronto,Canada,

agrees.4tWecan'talwaysbe20whatETmightsendtous,“hesays.

Still,SETIwillprobablycontinuetouseamixtureofclassicalandmachine-learning

2jtoscreenthroughdata,saysJean-LucMargot,anastronomerat

UCLA.Classicalalgorithmsremainexcellentatpickingupcandidatesignals,andmachine

learningis“notacure-all,,?hesays."Themachinescan'tdoitall,yet,"agreesWerthimer.

試卷第2頁，共12頁

三、完形填空

Onesummermidnightseveralyearsago,standingoutsideawoodencabininMichigan

River,Ilookedup.Theskywasfilledwiththousandsofstars,thesightofwhichwasalmost

enoughtomakeme,anon-believer,offerawordof22upintothestar-filledsky.

Buttowhom?PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.

Asabatscientist,Eklofsworkonbatsrequiresaspecifickindofdarkness一the

23kind,unpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessis24.In

the1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesinSweden'ssouthwesthousedbat

colonies.Notanylonger."Today,fortyyearslater,researchI'vedonewithmycolleagues

showsthatthisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathird,25lightpollutionandother

factors.Becausethechurchesareall26likecar山uHs（嘉年華）inthenight,"he

writes."Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.^^

Excesslightisincredibly27tothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal（夜I、可活

動(dòng)的）animalsinhabit.It28awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightens

light-sensitivemoths,leavingthemeasily29to（捕食）orflying

endlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove.Babyturtlescrawlawayfromthe

shorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdo

notmigrate30andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLED

lightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,not

yet.

Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan3Jfora

darkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.Butdarknessisnotsafefor

everyone.Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelightedplacesso32

inthefirstplace.

Thebottomline:Wecanchangeifwewantto.Someofthesolutionstolightpollution一

motion-detectinglights,shieldedlightsthatdonot33lightupward,artificial

lightwithwavelengthsthatissimilartonaturallight—arealreadywithinourgrasp,ifwejust

34them.uWecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon'twantto,“said

Eklofinarecentinterview.4435,it'svitalwefindamiddleway.”

Rightnowitishardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,every

citycouldbeequippedwithanarrayofprogrammedand36low-impactLED

lights.Orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis——theskyfilledwithlittle

moons.

22.A.honourB.gratitudeC.optimismD.determination

23.A.artificialB.brilliantC.faintD.absolute

24.A.achievedB.distractedC.enhancedD.threatened

25.A.resultingfromB.bringingaboutC.judgingbyD.contributingto

26.A.decoratedB.restoredC.litD.faded

27.A.effectiveB.sensitiveC.positiveD.destructive

28.A.scaresB.blowsC.pullsD.turns

29.A.accustomedB.subjectC.availableD.restricted

30.A.ondutyB.inturnC.ontimeD.inpublic

31.A.stimulateB.advocateC.negotiateD.account

32.A.challengingB.appealingC.demandingD.outstanding

33.A.absorbB.stretchC.transformD.reflect

34.A.reachforB?applytoC.longforD.adaptto

35.A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Instead

36.A.fundamentallyB.scientificallyC.environmentallyD.economically

四、閱讀理解

WhenIwassosmallthatmyheadbarelytouchedthewindowsill,welivedinthe

evergreenforestsofVermont.Ourhomewasfar,farawayfromanytownorcity,butthatwas

thewaywelikedit.

Somewinters,itgotsocoldthattheriverwouldfreeze,whichwasunusualforwater

likethat,waterwhichransofastanddeep.Itfeltasthoughtimehadstoppedneartheriver,

andsoithaddecidedtobecomesolid,settlingintowaitfbrspring.Welikedtoskateonthat

river,mygrandfatherandI,eventhoughtheicewasunevenandhisbrownleatherskateswas

soold.

Onenight,inthemostfrigidwintermyyoungmindcouldrecall,longafterIshould

havebeenasleep,Icaughtmygrandfathersneakingoutofthefrontdoor,hisancientleather

skatesinhishands.Helookedsheepishwhenhesawme,likeIhadcaughthimdoing

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somethingsilly,butIwassoyoungthatIthoughtnoadultcouldeverdowrong.Especially

notmygrandfather,becausehewasthemodelofwisdominmyeyes.

“Grandpa,whereareyougoing?”Iasked.

“Skatingontheriver.^^

“Whywouldyougooutnow?Wedidthatyesterdaymorning.^^

Helookedalittlethoughtful,andthenhesaid:"It'sjustthatwhenyougooutthere,on

thecoldest,stillestnightoftheyear,andyoulieonyourbackonthethick,bubbledriverice,

youcanhearthem.,,

“Hearwho?”

“Thefish.Trappedthereundertheice.Youcanhearthemsingingtheirwaterywinter

song.Andifyouholdyourbreath,youcanalmosthearthestarssinginginhaimony.”

37.Theunderlinedword“sheepish“isclosestinmeaningto"

A.quietB.calmC.frightenedD.embarrassed

38.Whydidmygrandfathersneakoutthatcoldmidnight?

A.Toenjoythecharmofapeacefulnight.

B.Toperfecthisskatingskillsbypractice.

C.Tocatchthefishtrappedundertheice.

D.Tobreathethefreshairintheforest.

39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Itwasunusualforafast-flowingrivertofreezeinmidwinter.

B.MygrandfatherandIenjoyedskatingbecauseoftheunevenice.

C.Iadmiredmygrandfatherforhiswisdomandoutlookonlife.

D.Iwasgladtohearthestarssingingtogetherwithmygrandfather.

40.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto.

A.describethejoyoflivinginamountainousarea

B.highlighthowembracingnaturecanpurifyus

C.keeprecordofthecarefreechildhoodmemories

D.explainwhyskatingissuchanappealingsport

s

ScarpaupgradesitsMaestraleboots

MaestraleRe-Madeskibootsaremade

fromPolymertakenfromaroundthree

tonsofleftovermaterials.Creatinga

NewbigpackfromSierraDesigns

Re-MadebootfromPolymeremits27%

ThelatestpackfromSierraDesignsisthe

lesscarbondioxidethancreatinga

Gigawatt60L.Thepackhasanadjustableback

“classic“bootfromplant-basedPebax

systemthatfitsbacklengthsfrom40cmto

Rnew,whichemits32%lesscarbon

53cm.It'smadefromdurable300Dpolyester.

dioxidethanFossil-basedPlastics.The

Featuresincludeazippedtopandsideaccess,

designandmanufacturingprocessbehind

oversizedsideandfrontpockets.TheGigawatt

theRe-Madebootweredevelopedby

60Lweighs1.84kgandcosts￡130.

Scarpa'sGreenLab,theproduction

sierradesigns,com

departmentdedicatedtosustainable

solutions.Apaircosts￡500.

scarpa.co.uk/ellis-brigham.com

VasqueBreezegetssustainableupdate

Thewell-establishedVasqueBreezehiking

boothasbeenmodernisedwithenvironmentally

friendlymaterials.Ifsnowmadewithrecycled

polyesterandisthefirstboottohavea

TheNorthFacelaunchesnewski

VasqueDryWaterproofmembrane,whichis

touringclothing

madefrom25%recycledmaterials.TheBreeze

TheDawnTurnclothingprovidesa

isalsocomfortabletowearwithitssoft

layeringsystemforskitouringdesignedto

footbed.TheBreezeweighs1120gramsand

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comesintwowidths.Itcosts￡140.keepyouwarm,dryandfreelymoving.It

includesashelljacket,midlayers,trousers

andaccessories.TheDawnTurn2.0jacket

wontheinnovationawardatISPOforits

breathablelayer.Thecostis￡350.The

DawnTurn1.0Jacketismadefrom

waterproofDryVent.Itfeaturesa

windproofhoodandoversizedfront

pockets,andcosts￡325.

thenorthface.co.uk

41.Thetargetreadersofthepassageareprobably.A.Theskiathletes

B.Theoutdoorlovers

C.TheenvironmentalistsD.Thesportsretailers

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Bothkindsofbootsmentionedinthepassagehavetwodifferentwidths.

B.ThelatestbigpackfromSierraDesignshasafixedbacksystem.

C.TheVasqueBreezehikingbootisbotheco-friendlyandwaterproof.

D.TheDawnTurn1.0JacketwontheinnovationawardatISPO.

43.Inthebootsproduction,whichorderiscorrectbasedonthecarbonemissionsofthe

materials?

A.Polymer>PebaxRenew>FossiI-basedPlastics

B.Fossil-basedPlastics>PebaxRenew>Polymer

C.Fossil-basedPlastics>Polymer>PebaxRenew

D.Polymer>Fossil-basedPlastics>PebaxRenew

My21-year-oldniece,asecond-yearundergraduate,mentionedthatshewatchesvideo

lecturesofflineattwicethenormalspeed.Struckbythis,IaskedsomeotherstudentsIknow.

Manynowroutinelyspeeduptheirlectureswhenlearningoffline—oftenby1.5times,

sometimesbyevenmore.Speedlearningisnotforeveryone,buttherearewebsiteswhere

studentsdiscusshowodditwillbeoncetheyreturntothelecturetheatre.Onecontributor

wrote:4<Normalspeednowsoundslikedrunkspeed.”

EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithsomany

otherhumanactivities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.

Overnight,schoolsanduniversitiesclosedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodo

whattheydoonlyviatheinternet."Thisisatimeforschoolsandsystemstoreimagine

educationwithoutschoolingorclassrooms,MsaysProfessorYongZhao.DrJimWatterstonin

Australiathinksthat,whilethetraditionalclassroomisstillaliveandwell,educationneedsto

bemoreadventurousandflexible.Earlierthisyear,ZhaoandWatterstonco-authoredapaper

inwhichtheyidentifiedsomemajorchangesthatshouldhappenineducationpost-lockdown.

Thefirstconcernsthecontent,whichshouldemphasizesuchthingsascreativity,critical

thinkingandleadership,ratherthanthecollectionandstorageofinformation.4tForhumansto

progressintheageofsmartmachines,itisessentialthattheydonotcompetewithmachines.”,

theywrote,'instead,theyneedtobemorehuman.^^

Thesecondisthatstudentsshouldhavemorecontrolovertheirlearning,withthe

teacher'sroleshiftingfrominstructortosupervisoroflearningresources,advisorand

motivator.Thisiswhereso-called“activelearning“comesinwithagrowingbodyofresearch

suggestingthatcomprehensionandmemoryarebetterwhenstudentslearninahands-onway

一throughdiscussionandinteractivetechnologies,fbrexample.It?salsowheretheconcept

of"productivefailure^^applies.ProfessorManuKapurinarguesthatstudentslearnbetterfrom

theirownorothers9failedattemptstosolveaproblembeforeoreveninsteadofbeingtold

howtosolveit.

Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionineducation,it

seemsunlikelythatthetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingto

turnbacktheclock.AsLaurillardputsit,"Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhat

we'vebeensayingfbr20years.^^

44.Bygivingexamplesof“speedleaming^^inthefirstparagraph,theauthorwantstoshow

that.

A.digitalworldisdramaticallyreformingthewayoflearning.

B.speedlearningcompletelyreplacesnormalspeedlearning.

C.returningtothelecturetheatreisstrangeafterspeedlearning.

D.educationbeginstoadapttodigitalworldafterCovid-19.

45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Itisessentialforsmartmachinestobemorehuman.

試卷第8頁，共12頁

B.Studentsshouldpossessmoreinformationaboutcreativity.

C.Studentsvalueothers'failureovertheirownfailure.

D.”Activelearning,,callsfordiversewaysofinvolvement.

46.AccordingtoZhaoandWatterston,themajorchangesineducationshouldinclude

?learningmode?learningmotive?learningattitude?learningfocus

A.①④B.②③C.①③D.②④

47.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Speedlearningharmsstudents5learningefficiency.

B.ThecomingrevolutionineducationisiiTeversible.

C.Teacherswillplayalessimportantroleinthefuture.

D.Thetraditionalclassroomswilleventuallydisappear.

五、六選四

Flamingos（火烈鳥）makelongfriendships

Whenitcomestomakingfriends,humansoftenseekpeoplewithsimilarinterestsand

personalities.48.Thelong-leggedbirdscanformfriendshipsthatlastforyears,

andtheydependontheirfriendsforsupportwhentheyfalloutwithrivals.

ScientistDrPaulRosehadalreadyspottedthatflamingosseemedtoformnaiTOw

exclusivecircles.49.Tofindoutwhyflamingosbefriendsomebutnotothers,

theystudiedbothChileanandCaribbeanflamingoslivinginanaturereservein

Gloucestershire,England.

Eachbirdworearingaroundonelegwithauniquecodetotellthemapart.McCully

spentmonthsstudyingtheirbehaviourandbuiltapersonalityprofileforeachflamingo.She

foundthatconfident,aggressiveflamingoswalkedproudlyaroundintheirfriendshipgroups,

whilethequieterbirdscarefullyavoidthoseindividuals.50.

McCullyandRosefoundthatfortheCaribbeanbirds,personalityseemedtomattermore

infriendshipsthanitdidforChileanflamingos.Caribbeanbirdsweremorelikelytodefend

theirfriendsandtheconfidentoneshadmuchlargersocialgroupsthanthequieterbirds.The

researchersfoundthissurprisingbecauseinmanyways,includingbodyshapeandhowthey

searchforfoodinthewild,thetwospeciesareverysimilar.

51.Inthatcase,allpersonalitytypesarerepresentedandeachflamingohas

thechancetofindalike-mindedfriend.McCullyandRosesaid,uIfhumansrequire

friendshipstobehappy,isitreallysuchagreatleaptothinkthatflamingosmightneedthe

same?”

A.Theirlong-lastingrelationshipsareimportantforsurvivalinthewild.

B.HeteamedupwithFionaMcCully,ascientistinanimalbehaviour.

C.Thescientistsconcludethatit'simportanttokeepflamingosinalargeflock.

D.Accordingtoarecentstudy,sodoflamingos.

E.Thisavoidancemayservetopreventthefights.

F.Newresearchshowsthatflamingoswithbrightercolorstendtobemoreaggressive.

六、概要寫作

52.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)

ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Howyouruniquestorycangetyouhired?

You'resittingatyourcomputertoapplyforyourdreamjob,butsuddenlyyou'renot

confidentenoughtogetit.Soyoudon'tevensubmittheapplication.Itisnaturalforyouto

experienceself-doubtatsuchacrucialmoment,especiallyifyou'repeopleofcolor,first

generationcollegestudent,oryoudon'thaveatraditionalbackground.Thesecretisto

transformhowyouperceiveyourownstory.

Askyourselftwoquestions.Thefirstone:whydoyouwanttodothiswork?Maybeyou

alreadyknowthekindofjoborworkenvironmentthatmakesyouhappy,ormaybeyou

haven'tquitefiguredthatoutyet.Usually,yourpersonalexperiencescanhelpgiveyouclues.

Forexample,yourbrotherhadtoovercomehisdyslexia(誦讀困難癥),andyouhelpedhim

withhisreading.Gradually,youbecameinterestedineducation.Thatmotivatedyoutowork

asateacher.

Thesecondquestionyouhavetoaskyourself:howcanyoutellyourstorytoexhibitthe

uniquequalitiesyouhave?Forexample,youundertookmultiplejobsunrelatedtoyourmajor

whileyouwereincollege.Whenyou'reinaninterview,goaheadandtalkaboutthem,

becauseitwillshowtheemployerthatyouhavetimemanagementskillsandastrongpassion

forwork.Employersarelookingforwell-roundedindividualsthatarecapableof

試卷第10頁，共12頁

accomplishingvariousjobtasks.

Gobackandreflectonthosetoughquestionsthatyouneedtoanswer.Theanswersare

whatmakesyouyou.Reframingyourstorycanremakeyourconfidenceoverandoveragain,

butittakestime.Ifslikerunningamarathon.Youhavetotrainandpractice.Whenyoulearn

topracticeyourstory,tellitwithassurance.You'resuretostandoutamongallthecandidates.

七、漢譯英（整句）

53.大多數(shù)人習(xí)慣于通過GPS來定位目的地，并規(guī)劃路線。（accustom）（漢譯英）

54.這本書中提到的這些問題盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)，三言兩語說不清楚。（explain）（漢譯英）

55.中國飲食享有色、香、味俱佳且花樣繁多的盛譽(yù)，吸引了世界各地的食客。（reputation）

（漢譯英）

56.世上沒有后悔藥，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)的是不念過往，不負(fù)當(dāng)下，不畏將來。（use）（漢譯英）

八、其他應(yīng)用文

57.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructions

givenbelowinChinese.

假如你是明啟中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生李華，你的朋友Jack邀請你一同制定畢業(yè)后的暑假計(jì)劃，

請從他提供的計(jì)劃清單中選擇你所心儀的一個(gè)。給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容需包含：

1.你的選擇

2.你的理由及如何執(zhí)行該計(jì)劃

①參加山區(qū)支教志愿服務(wù)

②去祖國各地走走

③學(xué)習(xí)技能，如駕駛、樂器演奏、視頻剪輯等

試卷第12頁，共12頁

參考答案:

1.what2.can3.rather##instead4.than##of5.whose6.to

grasp7.makes8.it9.giving10.better11.whether

12.H13.E14.A15.B16.I17.D18.F19.G20.K21.C

22.B23.D24.D25.A26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.B32.B

33.