清明?？继赜杙racticetest2筆記

Section Theprovincehaslongclaimedtobejustanotherdeveloregion,evenasitseconomy thoseofotherregionsand取正（itseconomy）threatenstoeclipsetherestofthecountrycombined.Manycreativephotographersweredelightedtofindininstant賓語倒置photographyamodethatencouragethemtostop取反viewingphotography and（themto）startviewingitassomething（that）theycouldhandlewithspontaneity,（選項中沒有反義詞）evenderision（嘲egalitarianautonomousTheauthor’sbest-sellingbookonVirginiaWoolfisnot ofhersubject;onthecontrary不取反，而是對前一句的強調遞進,Blank

portraitofthenovelist,faultsandBlankanidealized理想化 D.anacomprehensive廣泛 E.aslapdash草率acompelling吸引人 F.anerudite博學eg：sheisnotbeautiful,onthecontrary,sheisDespitethefactthat同位語從句thebookpromisesacompleterethinking重新思考ofthefactorscontributingtothe ,thepicturethatthebookpaintsis(i)c:inidentifyingcause,itismoreorthodoxthan(ii)e.LessAthanBAB取反=notAbutB Obscure不清 Detailed細節(jié) E.revisionist修正 Thetradeinscientificlitureinnineteenth-centuryGermanywassorobustthatpublishersconstantlyworriedabout(i)bofnewtitles,同位語ananxietythatgaveevenrelativelyundistinguishedauthorswhomadetheirlivingwritingtechnicaltreatises,(ii)f. Dlimitedpublicrelevance Eenviablescholarlycredentials可行的學術 F.strongbargainingpositions討價還價地位trade對應Severalstudies(i)ctheassumptionthatpapercups,because取+theyweremadeofnaturalproducts,weremoreenvironmentally(ii)dthancupsmadeofstic(polystyrene).Indeed取+,thesestudiesindicatedthattheenvironmental(iii) hofproducingandrecyclingpapercupsweresimilarto,if即使notmorethan,thoserelatedtotheproduction,disposal,andrecyclingofpolystyrenecups. D. G.exploited開發(fā)利 E. H.costs成 I.Question7and8arebasedonthisIn1755BritishwriterSamuelJohnsonpublishedanacerbiclettertoLordChesterfieldrebuffinghispatronfor（為了）neglectinganddecliningsupport.Johnson’srejectionofhispatron’sbelatedassistancehasoftenbeenidentifiedasakeymomentinthehistoryofpublishing,markingtheendofthecultureofpatronage.只，不贊助。However,patronagehadbeenindeclinefor50tears,yetwouldsurvive,inattenuatedform,foranother50years.Indeed,Johnsonwasin1762awardedapension（，還是一種贊助）bytheCrown—asubtleformofsponsorship,tantamount相當于tostatepatronage.TheimportanceofJohnson’sletterisnotsomuchhistoricalasemotional;it eatouchstone試金石forallwhorepudiatedpatronsandforallwhoembracedthelawsofthemarketce.notsomuchAasBATheauthorofthepassagementionsJohnson’s1762pensionawardinorderafter1755說反了provideevidenceforageneraltrendinthelaterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyofprivatepatronage’sbeingrecedbystatesponsorship.私人贊助被國家贊助替代沒有提到situatedthedebateovertheendofpatronagewithinthewiderrealmofeighteenth-century沒有放到更廣闊的環(huán)境中suggestthatJohnson’slettertoChesterfieldwasnoticedbythecrownonlyyearsaftertoLordChesterfieldWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofhighlightedsentenceinthecontextofthepassageasawhole?贊助在however之前ItpointsoutthemostobviousimplicationsofJohnson’slettertohispatron說反了ItsuggestsamotivationforJohnson’srejectionofChesterfield’sItprovidesinformationthatqualifies限制theassertionthatJohnson’slettersharplydefinedtheendofapublishingera行業(yè)的結束ItprovidesapossibledefenseforChesterfield’sallegedneglectofItrefusesthenotionthatpatronsarefoundprimarilyamongthe“BluesisforsingingwritesfolkmusicologistPaulOliverand“isnotaformoffolksongthatstandsupparticularlywellwhenwrittendown.”用來唱的，而不是民樂形式，寫不出來。Apoetwhowantstowritebluescanattempttoavoidthisproblembypoeticizingtheform寫成詩的形式—butlirybluestendtoreadlikebadpoetryratherthanlikerefinedfolksong.ForOliverthetruespiritofthebluesinevitablyeludes（escape）theself-conscious不能寫）LangstonHughes,他將寫成了詩，還寫的非常好thefirstwritertograpplewiththesedifficultiesofbluepoetryinfactsucceededinproducingpoemsthatcapturethequalityofgenuine,performedblueswhileremainingeffectiveaspoems.Ininventingbluespoetry,Hughessolvedtwoproblems:first,howtowriteblueslyricsinsuchawaythattheyworkontheprintedpage,andsecond,howtoexploitthebluesformpoeticallywithoutlosingallsenseofauthenticity.用詩歌的形式也不丟失Therearemanystylesofblues,butthedistinctionofimportancetoHughesis(localtalents民樂的表演者（位置一一對應）versus（vs對應）touringprofessionals),patronage(localcommunityversusmassaudience),creation(improvised即興的versuscomposed),andtransmission(oral同義替換colloquialversuswritten).Ithasbeenacommonce一定會！aongcriticsthatHughesadoptedtheclassicbluesastheprimarymodelforhisbluespoetryandthathewriteshisbestbluespoetrywhenhetriesleasttoimitatethefolkblues.模仿經典時會寫出好的Inthisview,Hughesattempttoimitatethefolkbluesaretooself-conscioustoodeterminedtoromanticizetheAfricanAmericanexperience,toointentonreproducingwhathetakestobethequainthumorandna?vesimplicityofthefolkbluestobesuccessfulToo…to太…以至于不…..句意：H太過于刻意，以至于模仿不好Butamorerealisticviewisthatbyconveyinghisperceptionsasafolkoughtto—throughanaccumulationofdetailsoverthespanofhisoeuvreratherthanbyoverloadingeachpoemwithquaintnessandna?vety天真—Hughesmadehismostimportantcontributionstothegenre（folkbut）Hisbluespoemsareinfactcloserstylisticallytothefolkbluesonwhichhemodeledthemthantothecultivatedclassicblues.ArnoldRampersadhasobservedthatvirtuallyallofthepoemsinthe1927collectioninwhichHughesessentiallyoriginatedbluespoetryfalldeliberativelywithintherangeofutnce”ofcommonfolk.folk的口頭（folk的特征）表達的Thissurelyappliesto“YoungGal’sBlues,”（folk的作品）inwhichHughesavoidstheconventionally=classicallypoeticlanguageandimages避免thatthesubjectsofdeathandlovesometimeselicitinhisordinarylyricpoetry.ToseewhatHughes’bluespoetrymighthavebeenlikeifhehadtrulyadoptedtheclassicbluesashismodel,oneneedonlylookto“GoldenBrownBlues,”（classic的作品）asonglyricHugheswroteforcomposerW.C.Handy.Itsimages,allusions,anddiction措辭areconspicuouslyremotefromthecommon“rangeofutnce.”folkTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisdescribetheinfluenceoffolkandclassicbluesonbluespoetryyzetheeffectofAfricanAmericancultureonbluespoetry沒有文demonstratethatthelanguageusedinHughesbluespoetryiscolloquial口頭化的這只是細節(jié)defendHughesbluespoetryagainstcriticismthatitisderivativeH的藍調詩歌是的沒有提到refuteanacceptedviewofHughesbluespoetrystyle2、3Theauthorofthepassageusesthehighlightedquotationprimarilyindicatehowbluespoetryshouldbeperformedhighlightedthedifficultiesfacedbywritersofbluessupporttheideathatbluespoetryisagenredoomedtofailillustratetheobstaclesthatbluespoetryisunableto eLH克服了困suggestthatwrittenformsofbluesarelessauthenticthansungblues沒有提Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ascomparedwiththelanguageof“GoldenBrownBluesclassic,”thelanguageof“YoungGal’sbluesfolk”ismoremoremarkedbymoremoretypicalofclassicbluessongAccordingtothepassage,Hughes’bluespoetryfolkandclassicbluesaresimilarinwhichofthefollowingways?BothareimprovisedfolkBotharewrittenBothareintendedforthesameaudienceNeitherusescolloquiallanguagefolkNeitherisprofessionallyWritingaboutadvancesinclimatescienceisoftenproblematic,inpartbecause取+thematerialissoce:climatescienceisthestudyofshifting,interrelated,andsometimesparadoxicalpatterns.depressingAmundaneTherearemanyinsightsintheessayscollectedinObservationsonModernity,buttheyareembeddedinadense（difficulttounderstand）EnglishtranslationofadenseGermanoriginalthatmaymakemanyofthembftomostreaders.vapidD Contrarytocertainrecentysesthatpaintadireportraitofsoillossfromfarmland,anewstudyofsurveyingdatareachingbacktothe1930sshowsthaterosionrateshavebeensteadilyb/e.intensifyingCworsening與F加Thepreliminary ysisbeing,onthewhole,reassuring,取+itsconfirmationwould concernsaboutthedangersoftheproject.exsoothehideQuestion17isbasedonthispassage.Forthefirsttime,fundingfordesigningexperimentstobeconductedduringspaceflightshasbeenmadeavailablebytheernmentspaceprogramtouniversitybiologistsnotalreadyemployedbythespaceprogram.Fromthefactthatlittleinteresthasbeenexpressedinthisoffer,however,itcannotbeconcludedthatvirtuallytheonlybiologistsinterestedinresearchthatsuchexperimentscouldaddressarethosebiologistsalreadyemployedbythespaceprogram,since .“補集”的感覺，畫一個文氏圖試試~WhichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletetheRelativelyfewofthebiologistsalreadyemployedbythespaceprogramhaveeverhelduniversitypositions.TherearemoreresearchbiologistinindustrythanatBiologistsarenottheonlyscientistsinterestedinresearchthatcouldbefurtheredbytheopportunitytoconductexperimentsinspace.沒有討論生物Thespaceprogramemploysonlyasmallpercentageoftheresearchbiologistsemployedbytheernment.Muchofthebiologicalresearchcurrentlyfundedbytheernment’sspaceprogramisconcernedwiththebiologicaleffectsofaweightlessenvironment.Question18to20arebasedonthisAttemptstoidentifyNewGuinean’shunter-gatherersfacethewell-knowndifficultyofdefiningwhatconstitutesahunter-gathergroup.Accordingtothecommondefinition,hunter-gathersarethosewhosubsistbyhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringwildnts.Yetthosecriteriabeg回避、規(guī)避numerousquestionsincludingtheissueofwhatconstituteswildTheverypresenceonalandscapeofhumanswhoareconsumersaffectsfoodresources,blurringthelinesbetweenwildanddomesticatedand,hencebetweenhuntingandpastoralismandbetweengatheringandcultivationMoreoveritisunclearhowgroupsshouldbeclassifiedthatarehunter-gatherersintheirprocurementstrategiesbutthatmakeuseofpastoralismandcultivationintheirconsumptionpatterns––subsisting,forexample,bytradingwildfoodstoneighborsinreturnfordomesticatedcrops.想要定義是非常難的Theprimarypurposeofthepassageissuggestthattherearenotasmanyhunter-gathersinNewGuineaasiscommonlythought沒說數(shù)量少exinwhyidentifyingNewGuinean’shunter-gathersisnotapointtocertaindifficultiesinestablishingwhatconstituteawildntandawildanimal的一個例子establishnew,morerelevantcriteriaforwhatconstitutesahunter-gathergroup沒有說建立新標準discusstheimplicationofaninappropriatedefinitionofRecementoftheword“common”withwhichofthefollowingresultsintheLEASTchangeinmeaningtothepassage?tritemutualTheprimarypurposeofthepassageistodefendaparticularargumentfromitscritics.summarizeaparticularscholarlyresolveadebateinaparticularscholarpresentacritiqueofaparticularareaofevaluatetheevidenceusedtosupportanunorthodoxSection2Thisisneitherpraisenorcriticism,neitheracomplimentnoranobservation.anexpositionanelucidationananimadversionaadivination

,Thetheorythatthe1908TunguskaeventwastheexplosionofacosmicbodyintheskyoverSiberiaise:noonehasyetfoundfragmentsoftheobjectoranyimpactcratersintheaffectedregion.usiblepossibleuncontestedBScientistssaidthatcosmologywasthefieldwheretheratiooftheorytodatawasi)btherewasanabundanceoftheories分子變大butalmostnodata分母變小Recentlyhowever拿到句首thatratiohasflipped翻轉.Ahugeandever-increasingamountofdatahas(ii) alltheoriesbut data變?yōu)榉肿?，theory變?yōu)榉帜窧lank Blank yunknown未知 D.nearly E.alwaysvariable會變 TheAlexandermosaic混合aRomanworkcomposedofmillionsoftinytiles,hasalmostalwaysbeentakentobeamosaiccopyofanearlierGreekpainting——anattributionbasedsolelyontheassumptionthattheworkofRomanstendedtobe(i) ratherthan(ii) Blank BlankDerivative非D. E.celebrated出名 Fromtimetotimeallscientificdisciplinesencounterobservationsthat定語donotfitthetheoriesoftheday.Atfirstsuchobservationstendtobetreatedas(i)a,but取-thosescientists(ii)ethemsometimesdiscoverthattheyhavetoabandonestablishedprinciplesinordertoaccountforthenewfindings.破舊立新Blank Blankanomalies反 D.aversetoscrutinizing仔細檢 E.willingto FunabletoacknowledgeTheexperimentaltheater’smembersknowthattheir todigest難.Butnoneofthetechniquesusedwouldbe(ii)eanyonewithaninterestinmusicorfi.Indeedtheywouldseemstrangeonly（）topeoplewhoexpectedtoseetraditionallycraftedys.Theactorstherefore不難feltthattheatercritics’derisivecommentaryshowedonlythatthecritics(iii) ’swork.Blank Blank Blankmadedemands D.contemted G.lambasted斥hadto E.alien H.weresuretoplease滿足 F.intuitivefor I.misunderstood誤3S版本：難；but不難；indeed不難；therefore不難，證明你沒有理解Whatmakesaworkerantperformoneparticulartaskratherthananother?分工為啥那么明確Fromthe1970stothemid-1980s,researchersemphasizedinternalfactorswithinindividualants,suchaspolymorphism多形態(tài)，形狀不同,thepresenceinthenestofworkersofdifferentshapesandsizes,eachsuitedtoaparticulartask.Otherelementsthenconsideredtohaveprimaryinfluenceuponanant’scareerwereitsage—itmightchangetasksasitgotolder—anditsgenetics.However（后面提出外部因素）,subsequentantresearchershavefocusedonexternalpromptsforbehavior.InadvocatingthisapproachDeborahGordoncitesexperimentsinwhichinterventioninacolony’smakeupperturbedworkeractivity.Byremovingworkersorotherwisealteringthenestconditions,researcherswereabletochangethetasksperformedbyindividualworkers.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicessepara yandselectallthatapply.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorswereconsideredfromthe1970stothemid-1980stoinfluencethedivisionoflaboramongacolony’sworkerants?Ants’inheritedtraitsTheageoftheTheantsexperiencesoutsidethenestForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicessepara yandselectallthatapply.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatGordonandearlierresearcherswouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutworkerants?Disruptionofthenestcanaffectworkers’Geneticspredominatesoverotherfactorsindeterminingaworkerant’sAnindividualworker’staskscanchangeduringitsForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatapply.ThelastsentencehaswhichofthefollowingfunctionsintheItexinshowtheexperimentsperformedbyGordondifferedfromthoseperformedbyearlierresearchers.Itjustifies認為是正確的themethodologyoftheexperimentscitedbyGordon.文章并沒有評論是對是錯ItgivesdetailsshowinghowtheexperimentscitedbyGordonsupportherThispassageisadaptedfrommaterialpublishedinIn1998scientistsusingtheneutrinodetectorinKamioka,Japan,wereabletoobserveseveralthousandneutrinos—elusive,tinysubatomicparticlesmovingatnearlythespeedoflightandpassingthroughalmosteverythingintheirpathTheKamiokafindingshavepotentiallyfar-reachingramificationsTheystronglysuggestthattheneutrinohasmassalbeitaninfinitesimalamountEvenbecauseoftheirvastnumbers.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatagivenneutrinodoesnothaveonestablemassoronestableidentity;insteaditoscillatesfromoneidentityorflavorphysiciststermdescribinghowneutrinosinctwithotherparticles)toanother.Thisoscillationmayexinwhy,althoughtheSunisalargesourceofneutrinosdetectorscapturefarfewersolarneutrinosthanthebesttheoryofsolarphysicspredicts:theneutrinosmaybechangingtoflavorsundetectablebydetectors.變成探測器探測不出來的“味兒”Finally,whilethestandardparticle-physicsmodel—whichdescribesallmatterintermsoftwelvefundamentalparticlesandfourfundamentals—doesnotallowfor考慮到neutrinoswithmass,therearetheoriesthatdo.Furtherexperimentstoconfirmthatneutrinoshavemasscouldhelpphysicistsdeterminewhich,ifany,ofthesetheoriesiscorrect.KTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisevaluatethemeritsofaparticulartheoryinlightofnewdiscussscientists’inabilitytoaccountforcertainunexpectedpointout ingsinalong-standingcompareseveralalternativeexnationsforaparticularphenomenon沒有considersomeimplicationsofcertainscientificAccordingtothepassage,onesignificantimplicationofthediscoverythatneutrinoshavemassisthatsuchadiscoverywouldcastdoubtonthesolaroriginsofmanyoftheneutrinosthatreachhelptoestablishthevalidityofthestandardparticle-physicsindicatethatmostofthevisiblematteroftheuniverseiscomposedofneutrinos沒有提到entailthatthetotalweightofallthevisiblematterintheuniverseislessthanthatofalltheneutrinosintheuniverse因為中微子數(shù)量大meanthatthespeedwithwhichneutrinosnormallymovecanbeslowedbycertaintypesofmatter沒有說For popularlysupposedtobeattheforefrontofthemedium,theMetropolitanOperahashadan

recordcommissioningnewoperasinrecentdecades.ETS認為時間變了就要有對timidunpretentious自然的pretentiousWhilenormalfloodsresultingfromusualmonsoonrainfallareEFthegrowthofcrops,recentlytherehasbeenanincreaseinthefrequencyhighintensityfloodsthatdonothavesuch eeffects.deleteriousessentialindispensableto（題目有嗎AllshakerfurnitureimpliesABhumanismindesign:theshakermadeobjectsthatlooklikeobjects,followinganonhumanlawofdesignandrejectingtheunconsciousself-flatteryinherentinanthropomorphicobjects.arejectionB.B.aliberationfrom解放 abeliefanaffinityanattractionAlthoughtheabilitytodetectspeechmelodiesistypically BF ,peoplecanhonethisskillbytakingmusiclesson.可以鍛煉Mayor:Fouryearsago,whenwereorganizedthecitydepartmentinordertosavemoney,criticsclaimedthatthereorganizationwouldmakethelessresponsivetocitizensandwouldthusleadtomorecrime.Thehavecompiledtheftstatisticsfromtheyearsfollowingthereorganizationthatshowthatthecriticswerewrong.Therewasanoveralldecreaseinreportsoftheftsofallkinds,includingsmallthefts.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslychallengesthemayor’sWhencityareperceivedasunresponsive,victimsoftheftarelesslikelytoreporttheftstothe.偷竊發(fā)生了但是由于不負責任就沒有報案Themayor’scriticsgenerallyagreethatstatisticsconcerningcrimereportsprovidethemostreliableavailabledataoncrimerates.加強了原文Inothercitieswheredepartmentshavebeensimilarlyreorganized,thenumbersofreportedtheftshavegenerallyrisenfollowingreorganizationOthercity無關Themayor’sreorganizationofthedepartmentfailedtosaveasmuchmoneyasitwasintendedtosave.Duringthefouryearsimmediayprecedingthereorganization,reportsofDuringthe1920s,mostadvocatesofscientificmanagement,FrederickTaylor’smethodfor izingworkersproductivitybyrigorouslyroutinizingtheirjobs,opposedthefive-dayworkweek.第來看是短時工作Althoughscientificmanagersconcededthatreducinghoursmightprovideanincentivetoworkers,inpracticetheymoreoftenusedpaydifferentialstoencouragehigherproductivity.Thosereformerswhowishedtoembracebothscientificmanagementandreducedhourshadtomakealargelynegativecase,portrayingthelatterasanantidotetotherigorsoftheformer.將后段：mostadvocatesofscientificmanagement,5天短，reformerIncontrasttothescientificmanagersHenryFordclaimedthatshorterhoursledtogreaterproductivityandprofitsHoweverfewemployersmatchedeitherFord’svisionorhisspecificinterestinmassmarketingaproduct—autos—thatrequiredleisureforitsuse,andfewunionssucceededinsecuringshorterhoursthroughbargaining.福特確保了短時工作，但只是個例。Atits1928convention,theAmericanFederationofLabor(AFL)boastedofapproximay165,000mebersworkingfive-day,40-hourweeks.Butalthoughthisrepresentedanincreaseofabout75,000since1926about70percentofthetotalcamefromfiveextremelywell-organizedbuildingtrades’unions.5Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingclaimsabouttheboastreferredtoinlines12–13?ItisbasedonamistakenestimationofthenumberofAFLworkerswhowereallowedtoworkafive-day,40-hourweekin1928.數(shù)量是真實的Itcouldcreateamistakenimpressionregardingthenumberofunionsobtainingafive-day,40-hourweekduringthe1920s.Itexaggeratestheextentoftheincreasebetween1926and1928inAFLmembersworkingafive-day,40-hourweek.ItoverestimatesthebargainingprowessoftheAFLbuildingtrades’unionsduringthe1920s.ItisbasedonanoverestimationofthenumberofunionmembersintheAFLin1928.數(shù)字沒有問題Accordingtothepassage,the“reformers”(line5)claimedneitherscientificmanagementnorreducedhourswouldresultinanimprovementintheworkingconditionsofmostworkerstheimp