初中英語課件unit 6 a clean,well-lighted place

Unit6Tone&Style

AClean,Well-lightedPlaceunit6aclean,well-lightedplaceToneTonereferstothemethodsbywhichwritersconveyattitudestowardthesubjectmatter,characters,oraudience.Forthisreason,toneandattitudeareoftencloselymingledtogether.unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceTONEThedistinctionliesinthefactthattonerefersnottoattitudesbuttothosetechniquesofpresentationthatrevealtheseattitudes.Wordchoiceandsentencestructurehelptocreatethetoneofawork,whichmaybeintimateordistant,bitteroraffectionate,straightforwardorcautious,supportiveorcritical,respectfulordisdainful.unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceStyleItreferstothewayinwhichthewriteruseslanguage,selectingandarrangingwordstosaywhatheorshewantstosay.Inotherwords,styleismadeupofanauthor’schoiceandarrangementofdictiontoconveybothathemeandtheauthor’sindividuality.unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceAClean,Well-lightedPlaceErnestHemingwayLostGeneration

（迷惘的一代）IcebergTheory

unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceErnestHemingway(1899-1961)

AnAmericannovelistShort-storywriterJournalistPulitzerPrize(普利策獎)

in1953NobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954

unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceMajorWorksTheSunalsoRises(1926)《太陽照常升起》AFarewelltoArms(1929)《永別了，武器》ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)

《喪鐘為誰而鳴》TheOldManandtheSea(1952)

《老人與?！穟nit6aclean,well-lightedplace“Butmanisnotmadefordefeat.”“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceThedignityofmovementoftheicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.

unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceLeavingoutessentialinformationofthestoryinthebeliefthatomissioncansometimesstrengthentheplotofthenovel.unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceIcebergTheoryunit6aclean,well-lightedplace

AllHemingway’sprotagonistsstruggletokeepseven-eighthsoftheircharacterhiddenbelowthesurfaceoftheirconsciouslives,showingonlyacoolexteriortotheoutsideworld.Inprosestyle,onlyone-eighthofthefullmeaningofastoryisrevealed,andcarefulreadersmustprobetheirownexperiencetoaccountforallthatisbelowthesurface.unit6aclean,well-lightedplace“AClean,Well-lightedPlace”unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceSettingInacaféatalatenightunit6aclean,well-lightedplaceOldmanYoungwaiterElderwaiterDeathNothingnessCharactersunit6aclean,well-lightedplaceYouthandageBeliefanddoubtLightanddarknessSelfishnessandcompassionThemes………..unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceWhatdidhefear?Itwasnotafearordread,Itwasanothingthatheknewtoowell.Itwasallanothingandamanwasanothingtoo.Itwasonlythatandlightwasallitneededandacertaincleannessandorder.Somelivedinitandneverfeltitbutheknewitallwasnadaypuesnadaynadaypuesnada.他怕什么？他不是怕，也不是發(fā)慌。他心里很有數(shù)，這是虛無縹緲。全是虛無縹緲，人也是虛無縹緲的。人所需要的只是虛無縹緲和亮光以及干干凈凈和井井有條。有些人生活于其中卻從來沒有感覺到，可是，他知道一切都是虛無縹緲的，一切都是為了虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲，為了虛無縹緲。unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceOurnadawhoartinnada,nadabethynamethykingdomnadathywillbenadainnadaasitisinnada.Giveusthisnadaourdailynadaandnadausournadaaswenadaournadasandnadausnotintonadabutdeliverusfromnada;puesnada.Hailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswiththee.我們的虛無縹緲就在虛無縹緲中，虛無縹緲是你的名字，你的王國也叫虛無縹緲，你將是虛無縹緲中的虛無縹緲，因為原來就是虛無縹緲。給我們這個虛無縹緲吧，我們?nèi)粘５奶摕o縹緲，虛無縹緲是我們的，我們的虛無縹緲，因為我們是虛無縹緲的，我們的虛無縹緲，我們無不在虛無縹緲中，可是，把我們打虛無縹緲中拯救出來吧；為了虛無縹緲。歡呼全是虛無縹緲的虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲與汝同在。unit6aclean,well-lightedplace(parody)的手法，戲仿就是二次創(chuàng)作，有可能達(dá)到反諷的效果，比如《大話西游》對西游記就是戲仿。首先戲仿的是主禱文，沒錯，就是今天美國賓館依然常見的主禱文。OurFather,whoartinheaven,hallowedbythyname.Thykingdomcome,thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybreadandforgiveusourdebtsasweforgiveourdebtors.Andleadusnotintotemptation,butdeliverusfromevil;amen.圣母瑪利亞的禱文。HailMary,fullofgrace,theLordiswiththee.unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceNihilism虛無主義FriedrichNietzsche[?ni:t??]

(尼采)Nihilismisthebeliefthatallvaluesarebaselessandthatnothingcanbeknownorcommunicated.Itisoftenassociatedwithextremepessimismandaradicalskepticism(極端懷疑論)thatcondemnsexistence.Atruenihilistwouldbelieveinnothing,havenoloyalties,andnopurposeotherthan,perhaps,animpulsetodestroy.unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceDIY

WhyisNadaor“Nothing”repeatedinthestory?Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsofthe“l(fā)ight”,“night”,or“shadows”inthestory?unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceHowtoReadFiction?1Lookattheplot2Analyzethecharacters3Identifythesetting4Examinethenarrativepointofview5Analyzethestyle,tone,andlanguage6Focusonsymbolismandallegory7Identifythethemesunit6aclean,well-lightedplace1.Whatconflictsoccurinthestory?2.Howaretheseconflictsdevelopedorresolved?3.Whoaretheprotagonistorantagonist?4.Whatarethecharacters’moststrikingtraits?5.Atwhattimeperiodandinwhatgeographiclocationdoestheactionofthestoryoccur?6.Howdoesthesettingaffectthecharactersofthestory?unit6aclean,well-lightedplace7.Howdoesitdeterminetherelationshipamongthecharacters?8.Howdoesthesettingaffecttheplot?9.Doesthesettingcreateamoodoratmosphereforthestory?10.Inwhatwaydoesthesettingreinforcethecentralideasthatthestoryexamines?11.Whatperson(s)is/aretellingthestory?unit6aclean,well-lightedplace12.Isthestorytoldinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson?13.Doesthewritermakeanyunusualuseofdictionorsyntax?14.Doesthewriteruseimaginativefiguresofspeech?Patternofimagery?15.Whatstylesorlevelsofspeechareassociatedwithparticularcharacters?unit6aclean,well-lightedplace16.Doesthenarrator’stonerevealhisorherattitudetowardcharactersorevents?17.Isthetoneofthestoryplayful,humorous,ironic,satirical,serious,solemn,bitter,formal,orinformal?18.Doestheauthoruseanyobjectsorideassymbolically?19.Doesthesameobjecthavedifferentmeaningsatdifferentplacesinthestory?unit6aclean,well-lightedplace20.Whatisthecentraltheme?Andwhatotherthemesareexplored?21.Whatelementsofthestorydevelopthecentraltheme?22.Howdoesthetitleofthestorycontributetoreaders’understandingofthecentraltheme?unit6aclean,well-lightedplaceHowtoReadFiction?1Lookattheplot2Analyzethecharacters3Identifythesetting4Examinethenarrativepointofview5Analyzethestyle,tone,andlanguage6Focusonsymbolismandallegory7Identifythethemesunit6aclean,well-lightedplace1.Whatconflictsoccurinthestory?2.Howaretheseconflictsdevelopedorresolved?3.Whoaretheprotagonistorantagonist?4.Whatarethecharacters’moststrikingtraits?5.Atwhattimeperiodandinwhatgeographiclocationdoestheactionofthestoryoccur?6.Howdoesthesettingaffectthecharactersofthestory?unit6aclean,well-lightedplace7.Howdoesitdeterminetherelationshipamongthecharacters?8.Howdoesthesettingaffecttheplot?9.Doesthesettingcreateamoodoratmosphereforthestory?10.Inwhatwaydoesthesettingreinforcethecentralideasthatthestoryexamines?11.Whatperson(s)is/aretellingthestory?unit6aclean,well-lightedplace12.Isthestorytoldinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson?13.Doesthewritermakeanyunusualuseofdictionorsynta