(全)職稱英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解大全

職稱英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解大全針對(duì)職稱英語(yǔ)考試中的第一部分詞匯題，我建議大家?guī)б槐就x詞詞典（雙解詞典），這類詞典的特點(diǎn)是用幾個(gè)同義詞注解某一英文單詞，大家可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。有了字典，又該如何查呢？我經(jīng)常聽到有學(xué)員在答疑室中說(shuō)：某某單詞在字典里查不到，其實(shí)不是字典里沒(méi)有，而是他們不會(huì)查，最常見到的情況有兩種：第一種：分不清單詞詞性；如：1.Beforeleavingthehouse,she

closed

thewindows.2.Sheis

close

tosuccess.兩句話里都有close，但是詞性不同，第一句話里的是動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)橛行问缴系淖兓?ed）；而第二句話里的close跟在is的后面，而且形式上沒(méi)有變化，因此判斷為形容詞。當(dāng)尋找他們的同義詞時(shí)，應(yīng)針對(duì)不同的詞性加以判斷。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于大家來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要！第二中：分不清劃線單詞是原形，現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去式：如：Hersister

urged

hertoapplyforthejob.(P602)advised

B.causedC.forcedD.promised如果去字典里查urged,當(dāng)然是查不到的。Ticketsarelimitedandwillbe

allocated

tothosewhoapplyfirst.(P461)postedB.SentC.handed

D.Given接下來(lái)，我們一起練幾題，大家可以八仙過(guò)海各顯神通，看誰(shuí)做得又快又好！1.Practically

allanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.A．ClearlyB．AlmostC．AbsolutelyD．Basically2.Thestorywasvery

touching.A．InspiringB．BoringC．MovingD．a(chǎn)bsorbingYoushouldhave

blended

thebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.A．SpreadB．MixedC．BeatenD．covered4.Iwon’t

tolerate

thatkindofbehaviour.A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take5.Theindexisthegovernment’schief

gauge

offutureeconomicactivity.A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner閱讀理解常用提問(wèn)方式1.有關(guān)主旨題的提問(wèn)方式：1)The

main（主要的）idea（思想，主意）ofthispassage（文章）is…2)Whichofthefollowing（下列的）statements（句子）bestexpresses（表達(dá)）the

main

ideaofthepassage?3)Thepassagemainlydiscusses（討論）…4)Thispassagemainlydealswith（涉及）…5)Theauthor’spurpose（意圖）inwritingthispassageis…6）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題的提問(wèn)方式：1）Somepeopledosth.because____________?2）Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat___________.3）What…?Which…?Who(Whom)…?When(Whattime)…4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueexcept...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentioned?

Whichofthefollowingismentioned?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?3.有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)釋義題的提問(wèn)方式：1)Theword“…”inline（行）…refersto(指)…2)Inparagraph4,“it”referto(means)………4.有關(guān)推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式：1)Itcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassagethat….2)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?3)Itcanbeconcluded(結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat….5.有關(guān)作者觀點(diǎn)意圖題的提問(wèn)方式：1)

The

author’smain（主要的）purpose(目的)inthispassageis….2)

The

author’spurposeofwritingthispassageis….3)Inthispassagetheauthor’sattitude（看法）couldbest..4)The

author’smainthought（思想）isthat…眾所周知，閱讀理解題的成敗關(guān)乎到考試能否及格，所以一定要掌握好的解題方法，在大家詞匯量都不是很多的情況下，方法就顯得極其重要！閱讀理解例題：例一：LightNight，DarkStars1.Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky．Onaclearnight，withnoclouds,moonlight，orartificiallightstoblocktheview，peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky，saysDennisWard，anastronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder，Colo．Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights．hesays，they’reluckytosee150stars．2.Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance,you’vewitnessed

lightpollution．Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights，officebuildings，signs，andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky．ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth．Evenatnight，bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfrom

lightpollution,

makingstargazingdifficult。3.Dustandparticlesof

pollution

fromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsot

lightpollution．“Ifonecityhasalotmore

lightpollution

thananother，”Wardsays，“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsof

lightpollution

onamuchgreaterscale．”4.Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.5.Citiesaregettinglarger．Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark，ruralareas．Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringtilefaintlightgivenoffbydistantstars．Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects，theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem．6.

Lightpollution

doesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility．Itcanharmwildlifetoo．It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals，makingthemgooffcourse”．There’sincreasingevidence．Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina．“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence．”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers，highrises，andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers．Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope．BWhentheyareinalargecity．CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds，moonlightandartificiallights．DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog．2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsis

NOT

relatedtolightpollution?AAhazeoflightformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights．BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky．CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight．DStargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair．3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes．Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights．BNo．Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas．C.Yes．Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight4.Howdoeslightpollutiotlaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights．B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities．C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway．DAttractedbyartificiallights，birdsflyintolightedbuildings．5．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle”LightNight，DarkStars”?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack．B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark．C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible．DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky．先理解標(biāo)題，推測(cè)文章內(nèi)容：LightNight，DarkStars。沒(méi)有生詞，明亮的夜晚，昏暗的星空。只是看題目，還不易推測(cè)出文章的主要內(nèi)容，因此，要快速瀏覽全文，看能否找到出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞或短語(yǔ)，它們有可能就是文章的核心！大家看到了我用黑線標(biāo)出了出現(xiàn)頻率最多的短語(yǔ)：lightpollution.所以可以推測(cè)文章的內(nèi)容和光污染有關(guān)。接下來(lái)判斷所給5題的題型，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)1至4都是細(xì)節(jié)題，因此只需要找到關(guān)鍵詞逐一回答即可。而第5題是主旨題，而且是最后一題，所以要等文章讀完后最后做。1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope當(dāng)他們有一個(gè)非常不錯(cuò)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡．BWhentheyareinalargecity當(dāng)他們?cè)诖蟪鞘袝r(shí)．CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds，moonlightandartificiallights當(dāng)夜空中沒(méi)有云、月光和人造燈光時(shí)．DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog當(dāng)夜空沒(méi)有陰霾和大霧時(shí)．分析：關(guān)鍵詞很容易找14000stars，在第一段出現(xiàn)了該詞：Thousandsofpeople（數(shù)以千計(jì)的人）aroundtheglobe（世界上）stepoutside（走出去）togazeat（凝視）theirnightsky．Onaclear（晴朗的）night，withnoclouds,moonlight，orartificial（人造的）lightstoblock（遮擋、擋?。﹖heview，peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky(答案C)，saysDennisWard，anastronomer（天文學(xué)家）withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder，Colo．Butwhenpeoplearesurrounded(被。。。包圍)bycitylights．hesays，they’reluckytosee150stars．補(bǔ)充：請(qǐng)注意短語(yǔ)：beclearofsth:無(wú)阻礙、障礙、危險(xiǎn)如：Waituntiltheroadisclearoftrafficbeforecrossing.(等到路上沒(méi)車時(shí)再過(guò)馬路。)2．Whichofthefollowingstatements(敘述)is

NOT

relatedto（同。。。有關(guān)）lightpollution?AAhazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights（陰霾的光是由人造光而形成的，如路燈和建筑物的光）．BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky來(lái)自于不同來(lái)源的光進(jìn)入太空并照亮了夜空．CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight夜空由晚上大城市發(fā)出的光照亮．DStargazing（star+gazing觀望星星）becomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair由于空氣中有一層霾，所以觀望星星變得困難．分析：本題的關(guān)鍵詞是lightpollution,而且按照題目的題號(hào)應(yīng)該在文章的前面，所以從第二段找找看：Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightand

seenitsglowfromagreatdistance（答案C）,

you’vewitnessed（見證、目睹）

lightpollution．Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights，officebuildings，signs，andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky（答案A,B表述）．ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth．Evenatnight，bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,

makingstargazingdifficult（請(qǐng)注意這句話并不是答案D，他們不同，該句是說(shuō)：甚至在晚上，許多像紐約這樣的大城市所產(chǎn)生的燈光使觀望星星變得困難。）所以，D的表述同光污染沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)。3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes．Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights因?yàn)樵?jīng)黑暗的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)被光污染了．BNo．BecausetheyCallstillseestarsinruralareas．C.Yes．Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars因?yàn)猷l(xiāng)村地區(qū)不是一個(gè)好的研究星星的地方。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight分析：題目是說(shuō)：不斷擴(kuò)大的城市會(huì)影響天文學(xué)家的工作嗎？為什么他會(huì)這樣認(rèn)為？在A答案中我們可以看到線索詞：polluted和lights.所以，根據(jù)閱讀的規(guī)律，只要和線索詞有關(guān)的答案，多半就是最終答案。如果大家想檢查答案是否正確的話，也可以帶著關(guān)鍵詞astronomers去找答案：Hazyskiesalsomakeit

farmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.通過(guò)對(duì)句子的分析，排除答案B，D.留下A，C.在接下來(lái)的段落中可以對(duì)答案加以判斷：Citiesaregettinglarger．Suburbs（郊區(qū)）aregrowinginoncedark，ruralareas．Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring(使。。。變得模糊)thefaint（微弱的）lightgivenoffbydistantstars．Andifscientistscan'tlocate（確定。。。的位置）theseobjects，theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem．總結(jié)：做閱讀理解時(shí)大家需要牢牢抓住文章的中心或核心詞，只要被選項(xiàng)中有核心內(nèi)容的出現(xiàn)就可以推測(cè)為正確答案！4.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?Whichofthefollowingis

NOT

correct?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights由于受到人造光的吸引，動(dòng)物們可能偏離航向．B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities．動(dòng)物們可能會(huì)受到人造光的吸引而進(jìn)入城市C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway．夜間的人造光可能會(huì)使遷徙的鳥類們迷路DAttractedbyartificiallights，birdsflyintolightedbuildings．由于受到人造光的吸引，鳥類飛進(jìn)有光的建筑物里。分析：題目是說(shuō)：光污染是如何影響野生動(dòng)物？下列哪個(gè)說(shuō)法不正確？關(guān)鍵詞就是wildlife,在最后一段里，可以找到內(nèi)容：Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility．Itcanharmwildlifetoo．It’sclearthat

artificiallightcallattractanimals，makingthemgooffcourse”（答案A）．There’sincreasingevidence．Forexample,

thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina．“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive（破壞性的）influence（答案C）．”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers（答案D），highrises，andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers．Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.所以，答案B并未提到。5．Whichofthefollowingisclosest(最接近的)inmeaning（意思）tothetitle"LightNight，DarkStars"?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack夜空是淺色的而星星是黑色的．B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark光顯現(xiàn)在夜晚而在黑暗中人們看見星星．C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible城市的燈光照亮了夜空而使得星星已經(jīng)無(wú)法看見．DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky．夜晚的城市的燈光照亮了天空中的星星。分析：本題是唯一的一道主旨題，所以需要縱觀全文。通過(guò)我們對(duì)前4題的解答，完全可以判斷出文章的主題就是說(shuō)：由于不斷擴(kuò)大的城市，越來(lái)越多的城市燈光，已經(jīng)成為一種污染，使得天空中的星星黯然失色，所以答案就是C。例二：DecliningInterestinDevelopingForeignLanguageSkills1.Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,voiceofAmericahasreported.Newfiguresshowthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecadesago,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills.2.ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom,whichisdrivenbyred-hotdemandforitsminerals,ishelpingmaskseriousdeficienciesinitslanguageskills.3.AustraliadoesbusinessverysuccessfullyinEnglishwithmostofitstradingpartners.Butastheworld’seconomicpowershiftstoemergingregionssuchasAsia,itslanguagegapcouldsoonbeexposed.Accordingtothenewfigures,lessthan6.5percentofhighschoolgraduatesareproficientinanAsianlanguage.AcademicsworrythatthismeansAustraliawillincreasinglybeisolatedfromitseconomicallyimportantAsianneighbors.DilipDutta,fromtheeconomicsandbusiness

faculty

atSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities.IfAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.4.ButstudentshavedifferentopinionsaboutAsianlanguagelearningPippaMcCowage,a22-year-oldAustralianstudent,saysmanyyoungAustralianshaveahalf-heartedapproachtoforeignlanguages,andthelanguagecurriculumisoftenweak.“Whilewe’reencouragedinhighschooltolearnanotherlanguage,it’snotreallyapparenttomeasarealisticexpectationthatyouwillhavetospeakit,”saidMcCowage.“Forexample,IlearnedJapaneseinhighschool,whenIwentonanexchangeinYear10,IfoundthattheJapanesestudentsofmyagehadamuchgreaterproficiencyinEnglishthanIdidinJapanese.Sointhatsense,italmostdiscouragesyou.5.Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexportsgotoAsiaandtheAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingclosereconomicanddiplomatictieswithAsia.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses,Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.1.Howmuchpercentofhighschoolgraduateswereproficientinforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago?A.70.B)13.C)40.D)6.5.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernmentbeenkeenlyinterestedinstrengtheningtieswithAsia?A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby_______.A)college.B)institute.C)university.D)department.解題目：Declining衰退的Interest興趣inDeveloping發(fā)展、開發(fā)ForeignLanguage外語(yǔ)Skills技能，所以串在一起可以將之理解成：逐漸喪失提高外語(yǔ)技能的興趣。通過(guò)理解題目，我們可以推測(cè)一下，在文章中foreignlanguages和declininginterest應(yīng)是核心詞。接下來(lái)，來(lái)看5道題的題目，對(duì)出題方式加以判斷：1，3，4都是細(xì)節(jié)題，而2題是推斷題；5題是詞語(yǔ)釋義題。針對(duì)不同出題方式的題目要以不同的方法加以應(yīng)對(duì)。1.Howmuchpercent百分?jǐn)?shù)ofhighschoolgraduates（高中畢業(yè)生）wereproficient（精通的）inforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago（40年前）?A)70.B)13.

C)40.

D)6.5.分析：這是細(xì)節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵詞：highschoolgraduates，fortyyearsago。位于第一題的位置，所以答案應(yīng)該來(lái)源于第一段：Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,VoiceofAmericahasreported.Newfigures(數(shù)字)showthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.

But

fourdecades(一個(gè)decade是10年)ago（40年前）,

40percenthadforeignlanguageskills（答案的出處）.2.Whatcanbeinferred（推測(cè)出）fromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.（澳大利亞有豐富的礦藏）B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.分析：題目中有infer，所以該題是推斷題。因此，需要讀第二段，尋找核心內(nèi)容，主要是要找到關(guān)鍵句：ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom（經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮）,whichisdriven（受到驅(qū)動(dòng)）byred-hot（非常有活力的）demand（要求）forits

minerals礦物（核心詞）,ishelpingmask掩蓋seriousdeficiencies不足initslanguageskills.注意：一般發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)中心詞，一般該選項(xiàng)就是