北京市朝陽區(qū)高一下學期期末英語試卷

北京市朝陽區(qū)2021~2022學年度第二學期質(zhì)量檢測高一英語試卷本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。TheJoysofGettingLostManyyearsago,IwasspeakingataconferenceinSanAntonio,Texas.I___1___afewdaysearly,alone,toexplorethetown.SoattractedbythesightsandsoundsthatremindedmesomuchofMexico,Ibecame___2___inanareafarfromtheareasthattouristsoftenvisit.I___3___noticedthefamiliarsmelloffreshmasaandfollowedmynose.Therewasafoodstorefilledwithpeople,allofwhomturnedandlookedatmeasIwalkedinthedoor.Isurelydidn’tlooklikeIbelongedthere.I___4___togetmorethandirections.Isteppeduptothecounter(柜臺)andasked,inSpanish,for10poundsofthefreshmasa.Themanbehindthecountersaid___5___,butlookedatmeandwentintoabackroom.Withinminuteshe___6___withanolderwoman.Sheaskedme,inSpanish,whatIwasgoingtodowiththemasa.ItoldherIwasgoingtotakeitbacktoPhiladelphiaandmaketamales(玉米粉蒸肉).Thencamethe___7___.Unsmiling,sheaskedifIknewthesecrettomakinggoodtamales.Ilookedatherandsaidthatonemustbeinagoodmood,ortheywouldtastebad.She___8___widelyandenvelopedmeinahugehug.Everyoneintheplacecheered.Shehadhersondrivemeandmymasabacktomy___9___.Istayedintouchwithmynewfriendsforseveralyearsafterthat,andstillfeel___10___wheneverIthinkofSanAntonio.1.A.left B.returned C.arrived D.replied2.A.lost B.silent C.angry D.tired3.A.seldom B.immediately C.even D.suddenly4.A.decided B.agreed C.pretended D.begged5.A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anything6.A.escaped B.cooked C.appeared D.stood7.A.test B.discussion C.meeting D.service8.A.listened B.knew C.travelled D.smiled9.A.store B.company C.hotel D.house10.A.sad B.warm C.lonely D.hungry【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.D9.C10.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，作者要去SanAntonio參加一個會議，作者提前了幾天到那里，文章講述了作者在一次外出探索這個城鎮(zhèn)迷路后的愉快經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我提前幾天到的，一個人，想要探索這個小鎮(zhèn)。A.left離開；B.returned返回；C.arrived到達；D.replied回答。根據(jù)“toexplorethetown”可知，作者在會議前幾天提前到了這個城市四處看看。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我被那些讓我想起墨西哥的景象和聲音所吸引，在一個遠離游客常去的地方迷路了。A.lost迷路的；B.silent沉默的；C.angry生氣的；D.tired累的。根據(jù)“farfromtheareasthattouristsoftenvisit”可知，作者在遠離人群的地方迷路了，且由文章標題“TheJoysofGettingLost”可知，下文是描述迷路后的經(jīng)歷。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然注意到新鮮粉糊那熟悉的氣味，便跟著味道走。A.seldom很少；B.immediately立即；C.even甚至；D.suddenly突然。上文提到作者迷路了，此處指突然聞到新鮮粉糊的味道，便順著香味走去，故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我便決定不只是打聽方向。A.decided決定；B.agreed同意；C.pretended假裝；D.begged乞求。根據(jù)下一句“Isteppeduptothecounter(柜臺)andasked,inSpanish,for10poundsofthefreshmasa.(我走到柜臺前，用西班牙語說要10磅新鮮的粉糊)”可知，作者決定不僅問路，還要買十鎊粉糊，故選A項?！?題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：柜臺后面的人什么也沒說，只是看著我，并走進了后面的一個房間。A.something某些事情；B.nothing沒有什么；C.everything每件事情，一切；D.anything任何事情。根據(jù)“butlookedatmeandwentintoabackroom”可知，此處表示否定，指柜臺后面的人什么也沒說，而是看了看作者然后走進后面的房間，故選B項。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘后，他帶著一個年長的女人出現(xiàn)了。A.escaped逃跑；B.cooked煮，烹飪；C.appeared出現(xiàn)；D.stood站立。根據(jù)下文“Sheaskedme,inSpanish,whatIwasgoingtodowiththemasa.(她用西班牙語問我用粉糊做什么)”可知，此處指他和一個年長的女人出來了。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她開始接待我。A.test測驗，考試；B.discussion討論；C.meeting會議；D.service（對顧客的）接待，服務(wù)。根據(jù)語境可知，她問作者買粉糊做什么，作者回答后她就開始準備粉糊，故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她笑得很開心，給了我一個大大的擁抱。A.listened聽；B.knew知道；C.travelled旅行；D.smiled微笑。上文“Unsmiling,sheasked…”提到她面無表情地問作者，根據(jù)空后“…envelopedmeinahugehug.”可知，聽了作者的回答后她笑得很開心，并擁抱了作者，故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她讓她兒子開車送我和粉糊回酒店。A.store商店；B.company公司；C.hotel旅館，酒店；D.house房子。根據(jù)上文可知，作者是來SanAntonio參加會議，應(yīng)是住在酒店。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后的幾年里，我一直和我的新朋友們保持著聯(lián)系，直到現(xiàn)在，每當我想起SanAntonio，我仍然感到溫暖。A.sad悲傷的；B.warm溫暖的；C.lonely孤單的；D.hungry饑餓的。根據(jù)上文作者的經(jīng)歷及空前“Istayedintouchwithmynewfriendsforseveralyearsafterthat”可知，作者和他們成了朋友，一直保持聯(lián)系，所以每次想到那次經(jīng)歷應(yīng)是感到溫暖。故選B項。第二節(jié)選詞填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當詞組并用其正確形式填空。becuriousaboutcomeacrosstosumuptakeactionbehonouredtoberegardedasworkoutrefertoendupbreakdown11.Isthisthebeautifulsmalltownthatyouoften________?12.Asweallknow,babies________everythingaroundthem.13.We________havingtoputoffourholidaybecauseofbadweather.14.Unlessgovernments________,theEarth’satmospherewillcontinuetoheatup.15.I________inviteyoutovisitanexhibition,whosethemeis“CreativityLightsUpLife”.16.AlthoughEileenGuisonly19yearsold,she________oneoftheworld’stopfreestyleskiers.17.________forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.18.Weneedto________howmuchfoodwe’llneedtotakewithus.19.I________someoldphotoswhenIwascleaningouttheroom.20.Sandrawaslateforthemeetingbecausehercar________.【答案】11.referto12.arecuriousabout13.endedup14.takeaction15.amhonouredto16.isregardedas17.Tosumup18.workout19.cameacross20.brokedown【解析】【11題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這就是你經(jīng)常提到的那個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)嗎？由“thebeautifulsmalltownthatyouoften”可知，句子表示“這就是你經(jīng)常提到的那個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)嗎”，空格處意為“提到”，是referto，由often可知，句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，you是第二人稱，因此空格處用動詞原形，故填referto。【12題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我們都知道，嬰兒對周圍的一切都很好奇。由“everythingaroundthem”可知，嬰兒對周圍的一切都很好奇，空格處意為“對……好奇”，是固定短語becuriousabout，句子描述客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，babies是復數(shù)，因此空格處是arecuriousabout，故填arecuriousabout。【13題詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。句意：由于天氣不好，我們不得不推遲度假。由“havingtoputoffourholidaybecauseofbadweather”可知，句子表示“由于天氣不好，我們不得不推遲度假”，也就是我們最后不得不推遲度假，空格處意為“最后”，是endup，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處動詞用過去式，故填endedup?！?4題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：除非各國政府采取行動，否則地球的大氣層將繼續(xù)升溫。由“theEarth’satmospherwillcontinuetoheatup”可知，句子表示“除非各國政府采取行動，否則地球的大氣層將繼續(xù)升溫”，空格處意為“采取行動”，是固定短語takeaction，Unless引導的是條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，主語governments是復數(shù)，因此空格處用動詞原形，故填takeaction。【15題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我很榮幸邀請您參觀一個以“創(chuàng)意點亮生活”為主題的展覽。由“inviteyoutovisitanexhibition,whosethemeis“CreativityLightsUpLife””可知，句子表示“我很榮幸邀請您參觀一個以“創(chuàng)意點亮生活”為主題的展覽”，空格處意為“很榮幸”，是固定短語behonouredto，句子描述現(xiàn)在的事情，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語I是第一人稱，因此空格處是amhonouredto。故填amhonouredto。【16題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：盡管谷愛凌只有19歲，但她被認為是世界上最頂尖的自由式滑雪運動員之一。由“oneoftheworld’stopfreestyleskiers”可知，谷愛凌被認為是世界上最頂尖的自由式滑雪運動員之一，空格處意為“被認為”，是beregardedas，句子描述客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語she是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此空格處是isregardedas。故填isregardedas?！?7題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：總之，為了心臟健康，你必須經(jīng)常鍛煉，停止吸煙。由“forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking”可知，句子表示“總之，為了心臟健康，你必須經(jīng)常鍛煉，停止吸煙”，空格處意為“總之”，是tosumup，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Tosumup?！?8題詳解】考查固定短語不定式。句意：我們需要算出我們需要帶多少食物。由“howmuchfood”可知，句子表示“算出我們需要帶多少食物”，空格處意為“算出”，是workout，needtodo是固定短語，意為“需要做某事”，因此空格處用動詞原形，故填workout?！?9題詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。句意：我在打掃房間的時候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片。由“someoldphotos”可知，句子表示“我在打掃房間的時候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片”，空格處意為“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”，是固定短語comeacross，由“whenIwascleaningouttheroom”可知，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處動詞用過去式，故填cameacross。【20題詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。句意：桑德拉開會遲到了，因為她的車壞了。由“Sandrawaslateforthemeeting”可知，她的車壞了，空格處意為“出故障”，是breakdown，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處動詞用過去式，故填brokedown。（請務(wù)必將第11至20題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第三節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Itisacommonknowledge________practicemakesperfect.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】that【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：眾所周知，熟能生巧。分析可知，句子為主語從句，it做形式主語，從句句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，連接詞為that。故填that。22.Money________(spend)onthebrainisneverspentinvain.(所給詞適當形式填空)【答案】spent【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：花在智力上的錢決不會白花。分析句子可知，句中謂語是is，空格處用非謂語動詞，Money和spend是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，因此空格處用過去分詞，作定語，表被動。故填spent。23.Toseeonething________(be)betterthantohearahundredtimes.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】is【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：看一件事勝過聽一百遍。句子描述客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是不定式“Toseeonething”，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，因此空格處是is，故填is。24.Inthischapter,Iwillattempt________(explain)whatleduptoculturaldifference.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】toexplain【解析】【詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：在本章中，我將試圖解釋導致文化差異的原因。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞作賓語。attempttodosth.是固定短語，意為“企圖做某事”，故此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填toexplain。25.Tracylayontheriverbank,________(feel)thewarmthofthesunagainstherface.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】feeling【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：特雷西躺在河岸上，感受著陽光照在臉上的溫暖。分析可知，句中謂語是lay，空格處用非謂語動詞，Tracy和feel之間是主動關(guān)系，因此空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填feeling。26.Hewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofinhospital.(所給詞的適當形式填空)【答案】taken【解析】【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：他很高興看到他的母親在醫(yī)院受到很好的照顧。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞作賓語補足語。hismother與takecareof之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填taken。27.Johnhasbeenunwell,andthismaybethereason________helostthematch.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】why【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：約翰身體不適，這可能是他輸?shù)舯荣惖脑颉７治隹芍?，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞reason是原因，且在從句中作狀語，因此用關(guān)系副詞why引導定語從句。故填why。28.Pleasedo________yourparentsaskyoutodo.Otherwise,you’llgetintotrouble.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】what【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：請按照你父母讓你做的去做。否則，你會有麻煩的。分析可知，此處引導賓語從句作動詞do的賓語，連接代詞what引導從句，在從句中作賓語，指代事物，意為“……的事”。故填what。29.Stevenisadesigner________workshavewoninternationalpraise.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】whose【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：史蒂文是一位設(shè)計師，他的作品贏得了國際贊譽。分析可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞是designer，在從句中作定語，designer和works之間是所屬關(guān)系，空格處用whose引導定語從句。故填whose。30.Homeis________youcanfindloveandcare.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)【答案】where【解析】【詳解】考查表語從句。句意：家是你能找到愛和關(guān)懷的地方。空格處引導的是表語從句，由句意可知，“家是你能找到愛和關(guān)懷的地方”，空格處意為“……的地方”，應(yīng)用連接副詞where引導。故填where。（請務(wù)必將第21至30題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AReadthepostfromPaulonthe“Answers4U”website.ReadwhatSarahwritesinreplytoPaul.31.WhatproblemdoesPaulhave?A.Heworriesabouthiscareerlife. B.Heconsidershimselfnotcreative.C.Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthings. D.Hewillfailhiscoursehoweverhardheworks.32.WhatcanwelearnfromSarah’sreply?A.Shedoesn’tgetwhyPaulisafraid.B.Shebelieveseachquestionhastherightanswer.C.Shethinkspeopleshouldoftenreflectontheirideas.D.Shethinkspeopleshouldthinkfreelywithoutfearofjudgement.33.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A.PaulandSaraharestrangers B.PaulandSarahhavethesameideaC.PaulandSaraharecollegeclassmates D.PaulandSaraharefromthesameplace【答案】31.B32.D33.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是一封網(wǎng)上的求助信和建議信?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個帖子里的“Atfirst,Ithoughtitwouldn’tbeaproblem-butnowI’mreallyanxiousbecauseI’mnotacreativepersonatall!(起初，我以為這不會是一個問題，但現(xiàn)在我真的很焦慮，因為我根本不是一個有創(chuàng)造力的人！)”可知，保羅的問題是他認為自己沒有創(chuàng)造力。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二個帖子里的“Ifyoutryanideaandotherpeoplelaughatyouridea,that’stheirproblem,notyours.(如果你嘗試了一個想法，其他人卻嘲笑你的想法，那是他們的問題，不是你的問題。)”可知，她認為人們應(yīng)該自由地思考，而不必害怕別人的評價。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ReadthepostfromPaulonthe“Answers4U”website.(閱讀保羅在“回答4U”網(wǎng)站上發(fā)表的文章。)”和第二個帖子里的“Ireadyourpostandcancompletelyrelatetoit.(我讀了你的帖子，完全能感同身受。)”可知，Paul在網(wǎng)上發(fā)文章求助，Sarah在網(wǎng)上回帖，因此他們是陌生人，故選A。BAnewdocumentarycalledSilverSurfersshowstheinspiringstoryofagroupofteenshelpingelderlypeopletoimprovethequalityoftheirlivesbyteachingthemhowtomakeuseoftheInternet.RosemaryRaynes,thedirectorofthedocumentary,gottheideawhentalkingtohersistersPoppyandAmyaboutaprojecttheyhadstartedseveralyearsbeforeinKinston,Canada.Thetwoteenagershadacleargoal:theywantedtohelpelderlypeopletofeelmoreconnectedtootherpeople,throughtheuseoftheInternet.ThetwoteenagersstartedtheprojectafterseeinghowtheInternethadchangedtheirowngrandparents’lives.TheirgrandparentscouldusetheInternetatabasiclevelbutwantedtobecomemoreskillful.AfterthetwogirlshadgiventhemafewbasicITlessons,theywereabletousethecomputerconfidently,andbecameeagerusersofFacebookandemail.Thetwostudentsweresoinspiredbythesuccessthattheygotseveraloftheirfriendstojointhem.Together,theystartedtovisitalocalhomeforelderlypeople.Manyofthepeopletherecouldn’tevenswitchonacomputerwithouthelp.Buttheyoungpeoplewereamazedhowmuchtheyhadlearnedafteronlyafewlessons.It’sinterestingtoseehowthesilversurfersfeaturedinthedocumentaryallhadverydifferentinterests.SomeofthemwantedtouseFacebooktostayintouchwithfamilymembers.Otherswereeagertogetideasfortravellingplayinganinstrumentorcooking.Throughtheproject,silversurfershavegotgoodresults:89-year-oldSheila,togetherwithafriend,managedtocreateaYouTubecookingclass;93-year-oldMarilynsucceededinmakingarapvideo;Albert,89,usedtheInternettoreconnectonlinewithpeoplehehadn’tseenformanyyears.Theprojecthasbeenmetwithgreatinterestinseveralcountries,andanumberoffollow-upprojectshavebeenstarted.Theyareallaimedathelpingelderlypeopletoexplorethebenefitsoftechnology,havefun,andstayintouchwithothers—thankstoawonderfulprojectbytwoteenagegirls.34.WhatdoesthedocumentarySilverSurfersshow?A.Elderlypeople’sachievementsimpresstheworld.BTeenagersteachelderlypeopletousetheInternet.C.Elderlypeoplecometogetherwithlong-lostfriends.D.Teenagershelpelderlypeoplemastercookingskills.35.WhyaretheexamplesofsilversurfersmentionedinParagraph5?A.Toexplaintheeffectoffollow-upprojects.B.Tosuggestthegoodtopicsfordocumentary.C.Toprovepositiveoutcomesachievedbytheproject.D.Toencouragemoreteenagerstotakepartintheproject.36.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HomeProjectsforDirectors B.GreatSuccessforaDocumentaryC.WhenSilverSurfersGetConnected D.HowtheInternetSavesSilverSurfers【答案】34.B35.C36.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一部名為《銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民》的新紀錄片，該片講述了一群青少年通過教他們?nèi)绾问褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)來幫助老年人提高生活質(zhì)量的故事?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一自然段“AnewdocumentarycalledSilverSurfersshowstheinspiringstoryofagroupofteenshelpingelderlypeopletoimprovethequalityoftheirlivesbyteachingthemhowtomakeuseoftheInternet.（一部名為《銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民》的新紀錄片講述了一群青少年通過教老年人如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來幫助老年人提高生活質(zhì)量的鼓舞人心的故事。）”可知，這部紀錄片講述的是一群青少年教老年人使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的故事。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五自然段“Throughtheproject,silversurfershavegotgoodresults:89-year-oldSheila,togetherwithafriend,managedtocreateaYouTubecookingclass;93-year-oldMarilynsucceededinmakingarapvideo;Albert,89,usedtheInternettoreconnectonlinewithpeoplehehadn’tseenformanyyears.（通過這個項目，銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民取得了很好的成績：89歲的希拉和一個朋友一起在YouTube上開設(shè)了一個烹飪課；93歲的瑪麗蓮成功制作了一段說唱視頻；89歲的阿爾伯特通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與多年未見的人重新聯(lián)系。）”可知，作者提到銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民是為了證明項目取得的積極成果。故選C。【36題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了一部名為《銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民》的新紀錄片，該片講述了一群青少年通過教他們?nèi)绾问褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)來幫助老年人提高生活質(zhì)量的故事。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的幫助下，老年人感覺到與他人的聯(lián)系更加緊密。D項“HowtheInternetSavesSilverSurfers（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何拯救銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民）”最能概括文章主旨。故選D。CPeoplehavebeentellingstoriesforaslongastheyhavebeenwalkingtheEarth.AndfromcavepaintingstoShakespeare’sGlobeTheatretoHollywoodfilms,themethodsoftellingthemhavegotmoreandmorecomplex.Inthe1960s,anewstorytellingartformappeared—theurbanlegend(都市傳奇).Evenifyou’veneverheardtheterm,you’vecertainlyheardanurbanlegend.WhataboutthestoryoftheunwantedpetalligatorsthatwererusheddownthetoiletandarenowlivingintheundergroundtubesofNewYorkCity?Oramanwhowokeupintheyardandsawanoteinforminghimthathishousehadbeenstolen?Oneofthekeyfeaturesoftheurbanlegendisitslackofanauthor.Thestoriesappearmysteriouslyandarethenpassedonbywordofmouth.And,althoughweknowthesemini-storiesofhorror,humourandawkwardnessarealmostcertainlynottrue,partofuswantstobelievethem.ThentheInternet,whichispackedwithstories(everythingfromjokestothelatestbooksfromtop-sellingauthors),helpedcreateandspreadurbanlegends.BeforetheInternet,urbanlegendswentaroundquiteslowly.Theytooktimetoreachalargeraudience.TheInternetchangedallthatalmostovernight.TheInternetistheperfectvehiclefortheurbanlegend,foritnotonlyallowsthestoriestospreadmuchfasterbutitallowsforgreateranonymity,too—alotofwhatwereadonlinedoesn’thaveanauthor’snameattachedtoit.Thisanonymityaddstotheoverallmystery.Ofcourse,theInternetalsoallowsyoutocheckthetruthofastorymoreeasily.Overtime,anumberofsiteshaveappearedwhichcollectstories,findoutthetruthabouttheiroriginsandreporttheresults.Oftenthereisn’tanytruthtothestoryatall.Butsometimestheurbanlegendgrewfromsomethingthatdidactuallyhappen.BecauseoftheInternet,learningabouttheoriginsofanurbanlegendcanbeasinterestingandenjoyableasthestoryitself.37.Whatcanwelearnaboutstorytellingfromthefirstparagraph?A.Ithaschangedovertime. B.Itrequiresmodernmethods.C.Itisthewaytoexploretheearth. D.IthasoriginatedfromShakespeare’stime.38.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“theInternetispackedwithstories”?A.Thereareonlyonlinestories. B.Thestoriesspreadslowlyonline.C.Thereareallkindsofstoriesonline. D.Thestoriestaketoomuchspaceonline.39.AsfortheinfluenceoftheInternetonurbanlegends,theauthoris________.A.worried B.satisfied C.puzzled D.surprised40.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Urbanlegendsaregenerallymysteriousstories.B.UrbanlegendsappearatthesametimeastheInternet.C.Itismorefuntofinditsorigincomparedwiththestoryitself.D.Peopleliketodiscoverwhetherurbanlegendsaretrueornot.【答案】37.A38.C39.B40.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是都市傳說這種新的講故事的藝術(shù)形式。【37題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“AndfromcavepaintingstoShakespeare’sGlobeTheatretoHollywoodfilms,themethodsoftellingthemhavegotmoreandmorecomplex.(從洞穴壁畫到莎士比亞環(huán)球劇院再到好萊塢電影，講述它們的方法變得越來越復雜。)”可知，關(guān)于講故事，我們能從第一段中了解到講故事隨著時間的推移而改變。故選A?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“everythingfromjokestothelatestbooksfromtop-sellingauthors(從笑話到暢銷作家的新書，應(yīng)有盡有)”可知，“theInternetispackedwithstories”的意思是網(wǎng)上有各種各樣的故事。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“ThentheInternet,whichispackedwithstories(everythingfromjokestothelatestbooksfromtop-sellingauthors),helpedcreateandspreadurbanlegends.(然后，充斥著故事的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（從笑話到暢銷作家的新書，應(yīng)有盡有）幫助創(chuàng)造和傳播了都市傳說。)”，倒數(shù)第二段的“TheInternetistheperfectvehiclefortheurbanlegend,foritnotonlyallowsthestoriestospreadmuchfasterbutitallowsforgreateranonymity,too(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是城市傳說的完美載體，因為它不僅能讓故事更快地傳播，而且還能提供更大的匿名性)”和最后一段的“Ofcourse,theInternetalsoallowsyoutocheckthetruthofastorymoreeasily.(當然，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以讓你更容易地核實一個故事的真實性。)”可知，作者覺得互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對都市傳說有積極的作用，因此作者對此是滿意的，故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ofcourse,theInternetalsoallowsyoutocheckthetruthofastorymoreeasily.Overtime,anumberofsiteshaveappearedwhichcollectstories,findoutthetruthabouttheiroriginsandreporttheresults.(當然，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以讓你更容易地核實一個故事的真實性。隨著時間的推移，出現(xiàn)了一些收集故事、查明故事來源的真相并報道結(jié)果的網(wǎng)站。)”可知，人們喜歡發(fā)現(xiàn)都市傳說的真假。故選D。DWhereDidMusicComeFrom?Lookanywhereandyou’llfindmusic.Withoutasingleexception,everycultureproducessomeformofit.Yetmusic’soriginremainsoneofthegreatsecretsofhumanhistory.Theoldestknowninstrumentsare42,000-year-oldboneflutesdiscoveredincavesinGermany.Musicsurelyappearedearlier,buttheproblemisthatmusicdoesn’tfossilizeandourbrainsdon’tfossilize.Withlittlehardevidence,scientistsstilldiscusswhatevolutionarypurposemusicservesorwhetheritservesanypurposeatall.Formanyyears,musicresearchershavemoreorlesssettledintotwocamps:thosewhobelievetheevolutionofmusicisabiologicaladaptation,andthosewhobelieveit’saculturalinvention.Inthelatterargument,themusicwelovedearlyisnomorethan“auditorycheesecake”,asevolutionaryscientistStevenPinkersaid.Ratherthanabiologicaladaptationinitsownright,musicisapleasingbyproductofotheradaptations,likelanguage.“Asfarasbiologicalcauseandeffectareconcerned,musicisuseless,”Pinkersaid.“Musiccoulddisappearfromourmankindandtherestofourlifestylewouldbeabsolutelyunchanged.”Somefoundthisconclusiontoodismissive.Afterall,thecapacitytomakeandenjoymusicseemsrootedineachofus,justlikeothervaluableadaptations.“Thesedaysmusicisaprofession,butevenordinarypeoplewhoneverhadamusiclessonhaveimplicitknowledgeofthestructureofthemusicoftheirculture,”saysSandraTrehub,ascientistattheUniversityofToronto.What’smore,Trehubstudiesmusicsenseinbabies.Theyarestronglyattractedtomusic,andtheycanevenremembermusicmonthsafterhearingit.“Youseetheseamazingabilities,”shesays,“andyouhavetothinkthatthereisabiologicalfoundationforit.”Thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanweevolvedthatfoundationformusic,butmanyscientistshaveofferedexplanationsforwhywemighthave.Somearguemusicisasystemforsocialrelationships,helpingustoexisttogetherinunited,well-functioninggroups.Anotherpossibilityisthatmusicoriginatesfromtherelaxingsoundsparentsmaketocommunicatewithbabies.Someresearchersevenarguethattheearliestformofmusicmayhavegivenrisetolanguageitself.Othersthinkthatmusicandlanguageshareacommonancestor.Somehavesoughtawayaroundtheadaptation-inventiondifference.AmusicologistSavageandhisgrouptellthedifferencebetweenmusic(aculturalproduct)andmusicality(abiologicalfoundationthatallowsustocreateandappreciatemusic).Thisalonedoesn’texplainthefinaloriginofmusic,butitdoesallowroomforbothnatureandnurture.Theysuggestthatculturalmusicandbiologicalmusicalityhavedevelopedtogether,inakindof“gene-cultureevolution”.41.Peoplewhoseemusicasaculturalproductbelievethat________.A.lifestylesofpeoplechangegreatlywithoutmusicB.musicisjustalittlemoreattractivethanatastycheesecakeC.musicisanunexpectedresultofcertainbiologicaladaptationsD.musicservesthepurposeofevolvinginresponsetotheirsurroundings42.Accordingtothepassage,SandraTrehubbelievesthat________.A.babiesareabletomemorisemusicafterhearingitformonthsB.babiesarebetteratrecognisingmusicaldifferencesthanadultsC.peoplewithoutmusicaltrainingknowaboutthemusicalstructureintheircultureD.musiccomesfromthesoundsmadebyparentswhentheycommunicatewithbabies43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dismissive”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Worthless. B.Unusual. C.Hopeless. D.Unclear.44.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Savage’stheoryclearlyexplainswheremusiccamefrom.B.Savagebelievesbiologicalmusicalityappearedearlierthanculturalmusic.C.Savage’stheoryisconsideredtobethebroadestculturalmusictheorysofar.D.Savagecombinesboththeadaptationandinventionviewsofmusicinhisresearch.【答案】41.D42.C43.C44.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要對音樂的起源進行了說明，介紹了各種關(guān)于音樂起源的觀點和看法。【41題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Formanyyears,musicresearchershavemoreorlesssettledintotwocamps:thosewhobelievetheevolutionofmusicisabiologicaladaptation,andthosewhobelieveit’saculturalinvention.Inthelatterargument,themusicwelovedearlyisnomorethan“auditorycheesecake”,asevolutionaryscientistStevenPinkersaid.Ratherthanabiologicaladaptationinitsownright,musicisapleasingbyproductofotheradaptations,likelanguage.“Asfarasbiologicalcauseandeffectareconcerned,musicisuseless,”Pinkersaid.“Musiccoulddisappearfromourmankindandtherestofourlifestylewouldbeabsolutelyunchanged.”(多年來，音樂研究人員或多或少分成兩大陣營：一派認為音樂的進化是一種生物適應(yīng)，另一派則認為這是一種文化發(fā)明。在后一種觀點中，正如進化科學家StevenPinker所說，我們鐘愛的音樂不過是“聽覺上的奶酪蛋糕”。音樂本身并不是一種生物適應(yīng)，而是語言等其他適應(yīng)的愉悅副產(chǎn)品。“就生物學的因果關(guān)系而言，音樂是無用的，”平克說?！耙魳房赡軙娜祟愔邢В覀兤渌纳罘绞綄⒔^對不會改變?！?”可知，視音樂為文化產(chǎn)品的人認為音樂的目的是隨著環(huán)境的變化而變化。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中““Thesedaysmusicisaprofession,butevenordinarypeoplewhoneverhadamusiclessonhaveimplicitknowledgeofthestructureofthemusicoftheirculture,”saysSandraTrehub,ascientistattheUniversityofToronto.(“如今音樂是一種職業(yè)，但即使是從未上過音樂課的普通人，對他們文化中的音樂結(jié)構(gòu)也有隱性的知識，”多倫多大學的科學家SandraTrehub說)”可知，SandraTrehub認為沒有受過音樂訓練的人知道他們文化中的音樂結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Afterall,thecapacitytomakeandenjoymusicseemsrootedineachofus,justlikeothervaluableadaptations.(畢竟，制作和享受音樂的能力似乎根植于我們每個人，就像其他有價值的改編一樣)”可知，后文提到制作和享受音樂的能力似乎根植于我們每個人，就像其他有價值的改編一樣，可見一些人認為這一結(jié)論過于糟糕輕視。由此推知，劃線詞dismissive與hopeless(糟糕透頂?shù)?意思接近。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AmusicologistSavageandhisgrouptellthedifferencebetweenmusic(aculturalproduct)andmusicality(abiologicalfoundationthatallowsustocreateandappreciatemusic).Thisalonedoesn’texplainthefinaloriginofmusic,butitdoesallowroomforbothnatureandnurture.Theysuggestthatculturalmusicandbiologicalmusicalityhavedevelopedtogether,inakindof“gene-cultureevolution”.(音樂學家薩維奇和他的團隊區(qū)分了音樂（一種文化產(chǎn)品）和音樂性（一種讓我們創(chuàng)造和欣賞音樂的生物學基礎(chǔ)）之間的區(qū)別。僅憑這一點并不能解釋音樂的最終起源，但它確實為先天和后天留出了空間。他們認為，文化音樂和生物音樂性是在一種“基因-文化進化”中共同發(fā)展起來的)”可推知，Savage的研究結(jié)合了音樂的改編觀和創(chuàng)造觀。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Yourbrainismainlycomposedofabout85billionneurons(神經(jīng)元),whichismorethanthenumberofstarsyoucanseewiththeeyes.___45___Forexample,whenyou’rewriting,someneuronssendthe“movefingers”messagetootherneuronsandthismessagethentravelsthroughthenerves(神經(jīng))toyourfingers.Theelectricalsignalsthatarecommunicatedfromoneneurontoanotherarewhatallowsyoutodoeverything:write,think,see,jump,talk,andsoon.Eachneuroncanbeconnectedwithupto10,000otherneurons,leadingtoplentyofconnectionsinyourbrain,whichisknownasneuralnets.Whenyou’relearning,importantchangeshappeninyourbrain,includingthecreationofnewconnectionsbetweenyourneurons.___46___Themoreyoupractice,thestrongertheseconnectionsbecome.Asyourconnectionsstrengthen,themessagesaredeliveredincreasinglyfaster,makingthemmoreeffective.Thatishowyoubecomebetteratanythingyoulearnwhetheritisplayingfootball,reading,drawing,andsoon.Wecancomparetheconnectionsbetweenyourneuronstopathsinaforest.Walkingthroughaforestwithoutapathisdifficult,becauseyouhavetopushtheplantsandthebranchesoutofthewaytomakeyourway.___47___Onthecontrary,whenyoustopusingthepath,theplantsgrowback,andthepathslowlydisappears.Thisisverysimilartowhathappensinyourbrain—whenyoustoppracticingsomething,theconnectionsbetweenyourneuronsweakenandcanfinallyberemoved.___48___However,it’spossibleforsomeneuralnetworkstobecomesostrongthatthepathsorconnectionsnevercompletelydisappear.___49___Practicingrepeatedlymakesyourneuronsactiveandmakesyoulearn.Thesechangeshappenasearlyaswhenababyisinhismother’sstomachandcontinuesthroughoutaperson’slife.A.Neuronsareusuallydividedintodifferenttypesaccordingtotheirlocation.B.Butthemoreyouusethesamepath,theeasierandmorepracticableitbecomes.C.Thequestionishowtohelpyourneuronstocreateandstrengthentheirconnections.D.Aneuronisacellsendinginformationintheformofelectricalsignalstootherneurons.E