2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

同學(xué)們，初中階段的八種時(shí)態(tài)我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完了。時(shí)態(tài)表示的是動(dòng)作在什么樣的時(shí)間之下發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間概念，所以關(guān)于這八種時(shí)態(tài)的各自時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)大家一定要記準(zhǔn)。今天我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)態(tài)。什么是語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？語(yǔ)態(tài)有幾種呢？導(dǎo)言：

語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)表格：被動(dòng)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)am/is/are+donewas/were+doneam/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+doneshall/willbe+donewouldbe+donehave/hasbeen

+

donehadbeen

+

done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是必須背下來(lái)的。結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

Thebasketcanbe

carriedbyhim.一：英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Englishisspokenbyus.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

賓變主,主變賓,前加by“被”(若動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明則可以省略該by短語(yǔ))。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語(yǔ)----即動(dòng)作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)----即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)----即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語(yǔ)----即by+賓語(yǔ).bythem.[注意]

①把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，句子的時(shí)態(tài)不能變。如，所給的主動(dòng)句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。②如果主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，要用賓格。如主語(yǔ)we改為us。

把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主動(dòng))

②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主動(dòng)）

③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主動(dòng)）

→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

提問(wèn)：當(dāng)句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位置放在哪呢？如：They

make

shoesinthatfactory.？？？1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Shoes

aremadebytheminthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意：當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)放在句子最末尾。Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.Weusually

hearhimplayinthenextroom.He

isusuallyheardto

playinthenextroom.He

boughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.雙賓語(yǔ)的兩種做法4．Aby

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAby.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過(guò)去分詞介詞一定不能丟掉?。?！Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe

easilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：S+will+be+過(guò)去分詞Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

S+am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

S+have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞Workers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.We

hadreceived

manylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manyletters

hadbeenreceived

bytheendoflastweek.They

wouldhave

apartythenextday.Aparty

wouldbehad

(bythem)thenextday.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused使讓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后面要接todo.即：makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意以下難點(diǎn)1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)介詞固定搭配不能省略。2、不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3、帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種方法。4、連系動(dòng)詞+adj,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。

5、表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征的動(dòng)詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要注意的問(wèn)題

在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的方法。下面我們接著學(xué)習(xí)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要注意的問(wèn)題。

①一些使役動(dòng)詞(let,have,make等)或感觀動(dòng)詞(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]當(dāng)使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，doing保持不變。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主動(dòng))Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被動(dòng))使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)照表主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動(dòng)詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Weplantmanytreeseveryyear.

Manytreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.2.Hismothermadehimwashhisownclothesattheageof10.

Hewasmadetowashhisownclothesbyhismotherattheageof10.1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)介詞固定搭配不能省略。Hehasthoughtofawayofsolvingtheproblem.Whathappened?(對(duì)）Whatwashappened?（錯(cuò)）Awayofsolvingtheproblemhasbeenthoughtof.2.happen/takeplace/arrive/become/die等

不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞give/send/bring/take/teach/show/tell/make/sing/write/sell/buy/ask/pay/borrow/lend變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種方法：（2）=Thebookhasbeengiventohim.（1）=Hehasbeengiventhebook.Ihavegivenhimthebook.表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞+adj./n.,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。5)表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞+adj,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。

(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,...)Thesteelfeelscold．Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Thatdoglooks

dangerous.表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征的動(dòng)詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義6)表示主語(yǔ)的屬性特征的動(dòng)詞+副詞well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。(read,write,set,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,...)Thepenwritessmoothly．Theclothwasheswell.Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thisshirtwillwearverylong.Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.①Theysetupthefactoryin2000.Thefactorywassetupin2000.②OurschoolwillputofftheSchoolSportsmeetinguntilDecember.TheSchoolSportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilDecember.③Peoplehavetalkedabouttheaccident.Theaccidenthasbeen

talkedabout.④Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear.Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的使用。有些動(dòng)詞可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即指人的間賓和指物的直賓?？梢詫⑵渲幸粋€(gè)賓語(yǔ)提到前面做主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)留在后面。①Herparentsboughtheranewcomputeryesterday.Shewasboughtanewcomputeryesterday.Anewcomputerwasbought

forheryesterday.②Theyhavegivenmesomegoodadvice.Ihavebeengivensomegoodadvice.Somegoodadvicehasbeengiven

tome.③ShewillwritealonglettertoDavidSmith.AlongletterwillbewrittentoDavidSmith.DavidSmithwillbewrittenalongletter.

buysthforsbgivesthtosb帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有以下幾個(gè)：give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，當(dāng)用直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣配搭、要在間接賓語(yǔ)前補(bǔ)上介詞to或for.①givesthtosb=givesbsth ②buysthforsb=buysbsth③sellsthtosb=sellsbsth ④takesthtosb=takesbsth⑤bringsthtosb=bringsbsth ⑥makesthforsb=makesbsth⑦h(yuǎn)andsthtosb=handsbsth ⑧passsthtosb=passsbsth⑨keepsthforsb=keepsbsth ⑩sendsthtosb=sendsbsth

例：①Hepassedmesomepaper.(主動(dòng))Somepaperwaspassedtomebyhim.（被動(dòng)）②Youmustkeepsomefruitforhim.(主動(dòng))Somefruitmustbekeptforhim.（被動(dòng)）翻譯下列句子電視機(jī)關(guān)掉了。

TheTVsetwasturnedoff.2.那小偷被抓住了。

Thethiefwascaught.3.所有的窗戶都被打破了。

Allthewindowswerebroken.FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.

1、Tea_______(grow)inFujian.

2、Chinese__________(speak)inChina.

3、Thebed__________(use)forsleeping.

4、Ourclassroom_________(clean)everyday.

5、Thecars__________(make)inBeijing.isgrownis

spokenis

usedis

cleanedare

made歸納總結(jié)方法

把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可按“、、”來(lái)進(jìn)行。即：①變－－－把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，把主動(dòng)